Jurnal Ilmiah Biologi Eksperimen dan Keanekaragaman Hayati (J-BEKH)
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PRODUCTION OF AMYLOCELLULOLYTIC ENZYMES AND THEIR VIABILITY ON CARRIER MEDIA BY Bacillus sp. U4 AND Pseudomonas sp. U3
Full text linkAmylase and cellulase are enzymes that are amyocellulolytic. Both are extracellular enzymes that can degrade organic materials, namely starch and cellulose. The purpose of this study was to determine whether Bacillus sp. U4 and Pseudomonas sp. U3 could produce amylocellulolytic enzymes and determine their viability after being incubated for 2 hours on the husk, peat, and sawdust carrier media. Screening for the presence of amylase was carried out on a selective medium, namely nutrient agar-amylum 0.5 %, and cellulase on carboxymethyl cellulose-agar medium. Both isolates were inoculated into sawdust, husk, peat carrier media and incubated for 2 hours. Viability was observed using the total plate count method. Bacillus sp. U4 and Pseudomonas sp. U3 can produce amylase and cellulase. The best isolate viability after incubation for 2 hours was found in husk carrier media with 2.13 x 105 CFU/gr of husk media
THE RESISTANCE OF CHILLI (Capsicum annuum L.) FROM SEEDS INDUCED BY 0.2 mT MAGNETIC FIELD AND INFECTED BY Fusarium oxysporum
No full textRed chili pepper (Capsicum annuum L.) is one of the most widely cultivated commodities in Indonesia. However, until now the production was never covering the public’s demand. Red chili pepper plants are susceptible to disease caused by the infection of Fusarium oxyporum (Fox) fungi, causing a decrease in plants’ production. Fungicide usage to control Fox can cause plants’ resistance to the pathogen. The eco-friendly way to control Fox could be achieved by utilizing a magnetic field. This research arranged using Completely Randomized Design (CRD) with the combination between 0,2 mT magnetic field induction and Fox infection consist of control (M0); 0,2 mT magnetic field induction for 7 minutes and 48 seconds (M7); and 15 minutes and 36 minutes (M15); as well as seed infection with Fusarium oxyporum that consist of control without infection (F0) and infected for 60 minutes (F60). Each test unit was repeated 5 times.
THE DYNAMICS OF BRYOPHYTES SPECIES DIVERSITY IN THE LOWLAND ECOSYSTEMS, CIBINONG SCIENCE CENTER-BOTANICAL GARDEN
Full text linkBryophytes are a group of plants generally with small sizes and spores as generative reproduction. There are three main groups of Bryophytes: liverworts or hepatics (Marchantiophyta), mosses (Bryophyta), and hornworts (Anthocerophyta). They are found in almost all ecosystems. Ecopark Cibinong Science Center-Botanical Garden (CSC-BG) is a lowland ecosystem protection area located in industrial cities. The bryophytes species that were carried out in 2009 and 2010 are inadequate. Re-exploration activity was carried out from June 2018 until January 2019 in all blocks of Ecopark. This study aims to report an update of bryophytes data in Ecopark. A total of 20 species of bryophytes were found in this research. Fissidens is the most common genus of bryophytes. There are 11 species of bryophytes and 9 species are new data records for Ecopark CSC-BG. This study updated bryophyte diversity data from Ecopark CSC-BG in 2009 and 2010, resulting in the discovery of 30 species (27 species mosses, 3 species liverworts), including 10 species not found in previous studies. There are no hornworts found in Ecopark CSC-BG
RESISTANCE OF RED CURLY CHILI (Capsicum annuum L.) SPROUTS TO FUSARIUM OXYSPORUM INFECTION FROM SEEDS INDUCED BY 0.2 mT
Full text linkCurly red chili (Capsicum annuum L.) is widely used as industrial raw material because it has a spicy taste. The increasing demand for chili is not balanced with the level of production. Chilies are susceptible to disease, one of which is fusarium wilt. The magnetic field affected the physical and chemical properties of water so that it increased peroxidase enzyme activity and plant metabolism. This research was aim to know the protective effect seeds induced by 0.2 mT Magnetic Fiel had given to red curly chili (Capsicum annuum L.) sprouts to Fusarium oxysporum infection. This study was arranged in a completely randomized design (CRD) with 5 treatments consisting of M0F0 (control), M7F0, M7F60, M15F0, M15F60. M0 is a seed not induced by a magnetic field; M7 is seed induced by magnetic field 7 minutes 48 seconds, M15 is seed induced by magnetic field 15 minutes 36 seconds, F0 is sprouted not infected with F. oxysporum and F60 is sprouts infected with F. oxysporum for 60 minutes. Each unit is repeated 5 times. The results of the ANOVA showed that exposure to a magnetic field had a significant effect on increasing plant height at 21, 28, and 35 days after planting (HST); the wet and dry weight of 7 days old plants; and the content of chlorophyll a, b, and total before flowering 21 days after planting. Overall, the 0.2 mT magnetic field treatment for 7 minutes 48 seconds tended to give better results to increase the growth of chili plants against F. oxysporum infection
VIABILITY AND PRODUCTION CALCIFYING BACTERIAL ENDOSPORE ON SAND-CEMENT CARRIER
Full text linkCarbonatogenic bacteria have the ability to precipitate calcium carbonate (CaCO3) and many calcareous areas are found. Some of its species formed endosporas which resistant to harsh physical condition such as very alkaline pH. The objectives of this study were to obtain spore biomass and determine endosporas viability in tested carrier media such as sand-cement. The tested isolates were Bacillus JA1, JB3, SU1, AK4, Lysinibacillus JB2, and Sporosracina JA4. The production of endosporas was carried out on yeast urea broth with a temperature treatment of 70°C for 20 minutes. The formed endosporas were stored in carrier medium of sand, cement, and a mixture of cement sand. Spore viability was conducted using total plate count method. The results showed that all isolates were able to produce endosporas with the highest endosporas dry biomass is Bacillus AK4 which was 196 mg/L. After 2 hours of storage, endosporas were still able to grow by forming colonies on nutrient agar media
THE STATUS QUALITY WATER OF CIRCULATION COOLING WATER IN THE MELTING SCRAP FACTORY AND RECYCLING
No full textRecycling metal scrap is an effort to save The earth from pollution, meanwhile in the process of recycling metal scrap usually it took a lot of water in the process to cooling it from such a high temperature. The purpose of this study was to identified water quality from the water in the reservoir and the water quality of the river that indicated receiving overflow from reservoir water when in the rainy season. The study was conducted from October to November 2020 at the Melting Scrap Factory and the river around the industrial zone. The study was conducted by taking a water sample for analysis in the spot (in-situ) and in the laboratory (ex-situ). The water sample was taken by a field technician laboratory. The result from laboratory analysis counted to indicate the water quality using Pollution Index methods (PI).and then in order to detect pollution from the fish that lived inside the pond using nutrition value coefficient (NVC). After the analysis data was counted the result showed that the water-saving pond had 3,20 values for pollution index(PI) and the river had 3,71 values for pollution index(PI), both of the results indicated that status water quality was classified as lightly polluted if it referred to the policy KEPMEN LH NO 11 Tahun 2003 for standard water quality class 3. Based on the data that has been counted for NVC the result was 1,84, it showed that the fish could live healthily but for further analysis laboratory on the fish meat, it showed that the fish meat was contained a high amount of a heavy metal compound such as iron (Fe) which had value over the standard (1953 mg/kg), from that value it showed how polluted the fishes in the reservoir. The fish should not be eaten by humans because of the high amount of heavy metal compoun
INDUCTION OF POLYPLOID BANANA KEPOK THROUGH IN VITRO ADDITION OF FLAME LILY EXTRACT
Full text linkFlame lily (Gloriosa superba L.) contains colchicine and gloriosin in almost all parts of the plant, especially in tubers and seeds. Colchicine is often used in biological and breeding studies to induce mutations that result in polyploid plants. This study aimed to examine the effectiveness of flame lily tuber extract as a natural mutagen for the development of superior kepok banana cultivars through the in vitro assembly of polyploid kapok bananas. The study was arranged completely randomly with two factors. Factor 1 consisted of 3 levels, namely fresh extract of breech flower tubers (10 %), pure colchicine solution (0.1%) as a positive control, and without being added (0%) as a negative control. Factor 2 consists of 3 levels, namely Kepok Abu, Kepok Batu and Kepok Kuning. All treatment combinations were repeated 5 times. The data were analyzed by Diversity Test (Sidik Ragam) and if there is a difference, it will be continued with the DMRT test at a level of 5%. The results showed that the administration of colchicine in culture media could induce the emergence of polyploid banana plantlets when viewed from the addition of the size of the number of shoots, shoot length, number of roots, root length, leaf area, epidermal cells, stomata, and decreased stomata index. Meanwhile, 10% breech flower tuber extract was not able to induce the emergence of polyploid plantlets. Kepok Kuning bananas had a better response to mutagens than Kepok Abu and Kepok Batu. From these results, it can be concluded that 0.1% colchicine was able to induce polyploid banana plantlets and 10% breech flower tuber extract was not able to induce polyploid plantlets
GROWTH OF PURPLE CABBAGE (Brassica oleracea L. var. capitate f. rubra) ON THE ADMINISTRATION OF POLYETHYLENE GLYCOL 6000 (PEG 6000)
Full text linkPurple cabbage plants require an adequate supply of water in the process of growing. So that if there is a lack of water it can result in stressful conditions then the growth of purple cabbage is disrupted and can even cause death. The purpose of this study was to determine the tolerance limits of purple cabbage to PEG 6000, and to determine the effect of PEG 6000 on the growth of purple cabbage as a simulation of drought stress. This research was conducted using a completely randomized design with the main factor being PEG 6000 with 5 concentration levels: 0 % w/v, 10% w/v, 20% w/v, 30% w/v and 40% w/v with 5 replications. As parameters are plant height, length, width, and number of leaves, also chlorophyll content. Then analyzed with the Levene test, one way ANOVA and the Tukey HSD test at 5% level. Based on the results of the research, it can be concluded that giving PEG 6000 shows that the tolerance limit for purple cabbage plants to PEG 6000 treatment is at a concentration of 10%, then giving PEG 6000 gives a negative response to the growth of purple cabbage which is indicated by a decrease in plant height, leaf length, leaf width, number of leaf, also chlorophyll a, b, and total chlorophyll content
THE INHIBITION OF RED CHILIES RIPENING PROCESS AT FRESH WEIGHT AND TOTAL CARBOHYDRATE CONTENT BY RED LIGHT
Full text linkThe research was conducted in a factorial experiment with factor A: far-red light treatment with 2 levels: control (without far-red light), and treatment (far-red light). Factor B was a time of observation with 3 levels: 4, 6, 8 days after wrapping. Wrapping each detached fruit in a combination of four layers of blue-colored plastic, one layer of green-colored plastic, and two layers of red-colored plastic resulted in a red light treatment. Transmission measurement of that plastic combined with a spectrophotometer at wavelength 700-735 nm was 75%. To deter fresh weight, each fruit was weighted with an analytical balance. Total soluble carbohydrate content was determined by the phenol-sulfuric method and counted based on the glucose standard curve (mg/gram tissue). Analysis of variance was conducted at a 5% significant level, and if the interaction was significant, then continued with simple effect determination at a 5% significant level by the F test. The fresh weight average of the soluble carbohydrate content of treated fruits was higher than the control. The fresh weight of chili fruits was relatively constant during observation of both treated and controlled fruits. The total soluble carbohydrate content average relatively did not differ between treated and control fruits. Total soluble carbohydrate content was increased 6 days after treatment and decreased 8 days after treatment. The result of this research concluded that red light inhibited the ripening process of chili fruits by slowing the decrease of fresh weight
BIOACCUMULATION OF IRON (Fe) IN Bacillus JA1, Sporosarcina JA4, AND Lysinibacillus JB2
Full text linkCarbonatogenic bacteria are able to produce calcium carbonate (CaCO3). Steel reinforcement of concrete is mainly made of a mixture of carbon (C) and ferrous (Fe) elements. Fe is classified as heavy metal, when in high concentrations it is toxic to bacteria. The purpose of this study was to determine the bioaccumulation of carbonatogenic bacteria to Fe. The isolates used in this study were Bacillus JA1, Sporosarcina JA4, and Lysinibacillus JB2. All isolates were subcultured on nutrient agar slant media. Cultures were made on minimal salt medium: nutrient broth (95% : 5%) with 24 hours incubation. Bioaccumulation test using minimal salt medium: nutrient broth (95% : 5%) containing ferrous 5 ppm and 10 ppm. Accumulated ferrous concentration was measured using atomic absorption spectrophotometry. The result of this research is that the bioaccumulation of ferrous by the isolates after 2 hours of incubation is greater than 1 hour of incubation. Bacillus JA1 has the highest bioaccumulation ability which was 9,19 ppm after 2 hours exposure of 10 ppm ferrous and its ferrous bioaccumulation efficiency was 91,85%