Jurnal Ilmiah Biologi Eksperimen dan Keanekaragaman Hayati (J-BEKH)
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Plant Species In The Honggoderpo Cemetery, Wonosobo Regency, Central Java
Full text linkHonggoderpo Cemetery is one of the urban green open spaces (RTH) which is located adjacent to the center of Wonosobo Regency, Central Java. This cemetery is a sacred area, so disturbances to the environment are rare, including plants. Therefore, plant diversity is still maintained..
Salt Stress Resistance of In Vitro Selection Results-Moon Orchid (Phalaenopsis amabilis (L.) Blume)
Full text linkAnggrek bulan adalah satu jenis anggrek yang banyak diminati karena mempunyai keindahan yang dapat dilihat dari ukuran, bentuk, dan warna–warni bunganya sehingga menjadikan produksi anggrek bulan meningkat, tetapi terdapat kendala lahan pertanian yang semakin luas dialihfungsikan ke sektor lainnya dan lahan kurang produktif akibat cekaman garam atau salinitas. Salah satu cara alternatif yang efisien dan efektif untuk mengatasi cekaman garam yaitu dengan menggunakan varietas yang toleran terhadap cekaman garam dengan agen seleksi yaitu NaCl. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menentukan tingkat konsentrasi NaCl yang toleran terhadap anggrek bulan dan menentukan tingkatan resistensi anggrek bulan terhadap cekaman garam (NaCl) secara in vitro. Rancangan percobaan pada penelitian ini menggunakan Rancangan Acak Lengkap dengan 5 taraf konsentrasi NaCl 0 % ; 0,25 % ; 0,50 % ; 0,75 %, dan 1 % pada medium Vacin and Went. Parameter yang diamati yaitu, persentase jumlah planlet, visualisasi planlet, tinggi, jumlah daun, indeks stomata, berat basah, kandungan klorofil, dan indeks resistensi cekaman garam. Data kuantitatif dari setiap parameter dianalisis dengan menggunakan Analisis Ragam pada taraf nyata 5% dan uji lanjut dengan Uji Tukey pada taraf nyata 5%. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa tingkat konsentrasi NaCl 0,25% sampai 0,50% yang ditoleransi oleh tanaman anggrek bulan secara in vitro terdapat pada kisaran 0,25-0,5 dikategorikan cekaman sedang, sedangkan konsentrasi NaCl 0,75% sampai 1% terdapat pada kisaran 0,5-1,0 yang dikategorikan cekaman berat dan tingkatan resistensi anggrek bulan seluruh konsentrasi adalah resistensi moderat.
Kata kunci: cekaman garam, NaCl, Phalaenopsis amabilis (L.) Blume, resistensi, seleksi in vitro,
Moon orchid is the one of orchids that most people like because it has a beauty that can be seen on its size, shape, and its colors so that it makes the production of moon orchid becoming increase, but has a problem such as the larger of agricultural land that converted into other sector, the land becomes less productive because of the salt stress or salinity. The one alternative way that efficient and effective to overcome the salt stress is with using varieties that are tolerant to salt stress with selection agent such as NaCl. This research aims to determine the level of of NaCl concentrations that are tolerant to moon orchid and determine the level of resistance of moon orchid with the salt stress by in vitro. The experimental design of this research used completely randomized design with 5 concentration level NaCl 0%; 0,25%; 0,50%; 0,75%; and 1% in Vacin and Went medium. Parameters observed were plantlet percentage, plantlet visualization, height, number of leaves, stomata index, wet weight, chlorophyll content, and salt stress resistance index. The quantitative data from each parameter is analyzed by using Analysis of Variance at 5% significance level and further test with Tukey test at the significant level 5%. The result of this research showed that the concentration level of NaCl 0,25% to 0,50% that tolerated by moon orchid plants by in vitro was in the range of 0,25 - 0,5 categorized by moderate stress, and 0,75% to 1% was in the range 0,5 – 1,0 that categorized with severe stress and the resistance level of the whole concentration in moon orchid is moderate resistance.
Keywords: NaCl, Phalaenopsis amabilis (L.) Blume, selection in vitro, salt stress, resistance
Eating Behavior of the Klihingan Hornbill (Anorrhinus Galeritus) When Nesting at the Way Canguk Research Station, Bukit Barisan Selatan National Park (TNBBS)
Full text linkEnggang klihingan merupakan salah satu jenis rangkong (Bucerotidae) yang hidup berkelompok, berperan penting secara ekologis sebagai penyebar biji. Perilaku bersarangnya unik, selama mengerami induk betina mengurung diri di lubang pohon yang ditutup lumpur dan disisakan lubang kecil untuk enggang lainnya melewatkan pakan dari luar sarang. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui perilaku makan enggang pada saat bersarang dan mengumpulkan data jenis buah pakannya. Penelitian dilakukan menggunakan metode focal animal sampling, pada bulan Februari – April 2021 di Stasiun Penelitian Way Canguk (SPWC), Taman Nasional Bukit Barisan Selatan (TNBBS). Perilaku enggang yang teramati dominan berupa mengeluarkan satu per satu pakan dari dalam temboloknya, kemudian memosisikan pakan ke ujung paruh untuk dimuntahkan ke sarang. Komposisi buah yang dijadikan pakan enggang meliputi 18 jenis buah, yaitu Ficus altissima, Ficus sundaica, Ficus crassiramea, Ficus stupenda var.minor, Polyalthia lateriflora, Oncosperma horridum, Canarium megalanthum, Canthiumera glabra, Zuccarinia macrophylla, Antiaris toxicaria, Myristica sp., Horsfieldia sp., Magnolia champaca, Dysoxylumsp., Fibraurea tinctoria, Endocomia macrocoma, Actinodhapne borneensis, dan Alseodaphne falcata. Waktu yang paling sering digunakan untuk memberi makan adalah sore hari pukul 16.00 – 17.00 WIB. Rerata enggang mengunjungi sarang 15 kali/hari dan membawa paling banyak 16 buah dalam sekali kunjungan. Enggang mampu memberi makan dengan lama durasi 3 – 5 buah/menit.
Bushy-crested hornbill is a type of hornbill (Bucerotidae) that lives in groups, playing an important ecological role. Their nesting behavior is unique, during incubation, the female locks herself in a mud-covered tree hole and leaves a small hole for other hornbills to spread food from outside the nest. This study aimed to find out the eating behavior of hornbills during nesting and collect data on the types of fruit they eat. This study was conducted using a focused animal sampling method, from February to April 2021 at Way Canguk Research Station (SPWC), Bukit Barisan Selatan National Park (TNBBS). The dominant behavior of hornbills was observed in the form of removing the bait one by one from the cache, then placing the bait to the tip of the beak to vomit into the nest. The fruit composition used as hornbill food includes 18 types of fruit, namely Ficus altissima, Ficus sundaica, Ficus crassiramea, Ficus stupenda var. minor, Polyalthia lateriflora, Oncosperma horridum, Canarium megalanthum, Canthiumera glabra, Zuccarinia macrophylla, Antiaris toxicaria, Myristica sp., Horsfieldia sp., Magnolia champaca, Dysoxylum sp., Fibraurea tinctoria, Endocomia macrocoma, and Alseodaphne falcata. The most common time used for feeding is from 16:00 - 17:00 WIB. The average hornbill visits the nest 15 times/day and brings a maximum of 16 fruits in one visit. Hornbills can feed with a fairly low duration (3-5 pieces/minute).
The Diversity of Singing Birds at the Way Canguk Research Station, Bukit Barisan Selatan National Park
Full text linkBirds have an important role in controlling natural ecosystems. The presence of hunting traces every year indicates hunting at the Way Canguk Research Station. If this happens continuously, it can cause a decrease in the diversity and population of chirping birds. Therefore, this research needs to be carried out to determine the diversity, evenness, richness, relative density, as well as environmental factors that affect the chirping bird community, and the intensity of bird hunting in SPWC. The research was conducted at the Way Canguk Research Station, Bukit Barisan Selatan National Park, using the point count method
THE AIR QUALITY AND NOISE STUDY IN SETTLEMENTS AND METAL SCRAP MELTING FACTORY
Full text linkAir is an important component for the survival of living things, especially humans. However, air quality has decreased due to pollution. The harmful elements that enter the atmosphere are Carbon Monoxide (CO), Nitrogen Dioxide (NO2), Sulfur Dioxide (SO2), Particulates (PM10), and Ozone (O3). Noise is defined as unwanted sound or sound so that it disturbs and endangers health. Sources of noise are divided into moving and stationary noise sources. The method used in this research is grab sampling by installing an air sampler impinger to capture particles or pollutants as well as taking noise data using a simple method with a Sound Level Meter with a reading every 5 seconds within 10 minutes for one measurement. The results showed that the air quality in residential and workspace areas was still within quality standards. The noise level in residential areas is still acceptable, but the noise level in the production room surpasses the acceptable limit
THE EFFECTIVENESS OF PEPPER LEAVES (Piper nigrum L.) AS A LARVACIDE OF Aedes aegypti MOSQUITO
Full text linkDengue Hemorrhagic Fever (DHF) cases are quite high in Indonesia. One of the causes of high dengue cases is the high vector population, namely the Aedes aegypti mosquito. Mosquito control Ae. aegypti one of them uses larvicides to break the chain of reproduction. The use of chemical-based larvicides can be bad because it can pollute the environment and cause resistance. As an alternative, you can use natural larvicides made from plants. One of the plants that have the potential as larvicides are pepper (Piper nigrum L.) because it contains compounds that can be toxic to insects such as saponins, flavonoids, alkaloids, and essential oils. In addition, pepper plants are widely cultivated in Lampung and are easy to obtain. The purpose of this study was to determine the effectiveness of pepper leaf (P. nigrum L.) as larvicide for Ae. aegypti. This study used a completely randomized design (CRD). There was 1 control and 5 treatments in the form of pepper leaf extract with concentrations of 0.2%, 0.4%, 0.6%, 0.8%, and 1%. The test material used was Ae. aegypti instar III. Each treatment used 25 larvae with 4 repetitions. Observations were made after 24 hours of treatment. The data obtained in the form of the number of larval deaths were analyzed using one-way ANOVA and Post hoc LSD test. The results of this study showed a significant difference (p = 0.000), and it was found that a concentration of 1% was the most effective concentration as a larvicide for Ae. aegypti with a larval mortality percentage of 92%
BROMELAIN WASTE TEA COMPOST INDUCED BY LIGNINOLYTIC INOCULUM OF Trichoderma sp. ON THE GROWTH OF LEAF NUMBER AND CHLOROPHYLL CONTENT OF CHILI (Capsicum annuum L.)
Full text linkPineapple is one kind of fruit that contains a lot of nutrition. The waste from residual pineapple processing is called bromelain. Bromelain contains polymer complex in the form of organic sources from nature if it could be decomposed properly. One way to exploited bromelain is by composting. Composting is done with the help of fungi of Trichoderma sp. to speed up the decomposition process. The resulting compost is aerated to increase the nutrients and form a further decomposition process in the soil. The research was carried out from January till March 2021 in the Microbiology Laboratory Biology, Faculty of Mathematics and Science, University of Lampung. The parameters of this research are the content of chlorophyll and the number of leaves. This research used a completely Randomized Design with 7 treatments that are A1 (24 hours of mixed bromelain), A2 (48 hours of mixed bromelain), A3 (72 hours of mixed bromelain), A4 (24 hours of pure bromelain), A5 (48 hours of pure bromelain), A6 (72 hours of pure bromelain), and A7 (control). Based on this research the value of the highest chlorophyll A on A6 treatment is 0,655. A value of the highest on chlorophyll B on A6 treatment that 0,429. The highest total chlorophyll on the A6 treatment is 1,048. Based on this research the A4 treatment has the highest average number of leaves compared to other treatments.
EVALUATION OF WATER QUALITY IN ANIMAL FEED FACTORY ENVIRONMENT BASED ON PLANKTON AND BENTHOS BIOINDICATORS
Full text linkWater is a source of life that plays an important role for all living things. Rivers are one of the water sources that are vulnerable to pollution. This study aimed to evaluate the water quality of the Way Napal river based on the diversity of plankton and benthos. The research was conducted from November 2020 to March 2021. Sampling and analysis were performed by field technicians from the SEAMEO BIOTROP Environmental Laboratory. Plankton diversity was calculated using the Shannon Weaver diversity index. The results showed that the phytoplankton diversity index at AP-1, AP-2, and AP-3 locations ranged between 2,080-2,278 these values had moderate biota stability and were included in the uncontaminated category. The zooplankton diversity index at the AP-1 location has a value of 1,119 with moderate biota stability and is included in the moderate category, while at the AP-2 and AP-3 locations it has a value of 0.925-0.995 with unstable biota diversity and is included in the highly polluted category. The Benthos diversity index ranges from 1.343 - 1.772 with moderate biota stability and is included in the moderately polluted category
THE ARACEAE OF ITB JATINANGOR CAMPUS, SUMEDANG, WEST JAVA
Full text linkAraceae is a group of plants that are consistently dominant in humid and wet conditions areas. This family is among the most common plant groups found in the campus Institut Teknologi Bandung (ITB) at Jatinangor, which are still covered by green areas. However, the diversity of Araceae has not been revealed yet. Therefore, this research was conducted to provide information on the Araceae in ITB Jatinangor Campus. Field exploration was carried out during September - November 2021 at ITB Jatinangor. As many as 15 genera and 22 species of Araceae have been discovered within the campus. Taxonomically, they are grouped into 3 subfamilies, i.e Aroideae (12 genera), Monsteroideae (2 genera), and Pothoideae (1 genus). The largest genera of Araceae found on the campus were Anthurium and Philodendron, both cultivated as ornamental plants. Several local species, such as Alocasia macrorrhizos, Colocasia esculenta, Pistia stratiotes, Typhonium flagelliforme, and T. roxburghii were also found. Three other ornamental species have been escaped from cultivation, namely Caladium bicolor, Dieffenbachia seguine, and Syngonium podophyllum had were also found here. This research was part of the Flora Campus ITB Jatinangor Exploration, a project initiated by Herbarium Bandungense
VEGETATIVE GROWTH OF TOMATO (Lycopersicum esculentum Mill.) INFLUENCED BY AERATED COMPOST TEA (ACT) FROM BROMELAIN LITTER INDUCED BY LIGNINOLITIC Trichoderma sp.
Full text linkThe pineapple waste increased by the rise of production in pineapple, one of increasing pineapple waste is pineapple pulp (bromelain litter). The bromelain litter will be disadvantage for the environment, this matter could be solved by converting bromelain litter into compost. The composting process in this study used ligninolytic fungus (Trichoderma sp.). Composting technology which currently has rapidly developed is Aerated Compost Tea (ACT) or a derivate product of compost. The use of this study was to ensure the best incubation period of ACT bromelain litter which induced by Trichoderma sp. fungus on the growth of tomato (L. esculentum Mill.). The study was conducted using a completely randomized design (CRD) with 7 treatments and 3 replications, namely: P0= control (without ACT), P1= ACT bromelain 24 hours, P2= ACT bromelain 48 hours, P3= ACT bromelain 72 hours, P4= ACT bromelain and leaf litter 24 hours, P5= ACT bromelain and leaf litter 48 hours, and P6= ACT bromelain and leaf litter 72 hours. The variables observed were number of leaves and plant chlorophyll content. The data obtained were analyzed with ANOVA at the level of 5 % and tested for the Least Significant Difference (LSD) at the level of 5 %. The results of this study showed that ACT was induced by Trichoderma sp. fungus which effective for the vegetative growth of tomato (L. esculentum Mill.) is ACT bromelain litter with incubation period up to 72 hours (P3)