Jurnal Ilmiah Biologi Eksperimen dan Keanekaragaman Hayati (J-BEKH)
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Terathogenic Testing of Black Cumin (Nigella sativa L.) Extract on The Number of Fetuses, Length of Front and Back Extremities, and The Number of Malformation Fetus in Mice (Mus musculus L.)
Full text linkPemakaian obat tradisional telah berkembang dengan baik dan saat ini sudah banyak digunakan sebagai obat alternatif untuk mengatasi masalah kesehatan. Obat tradisional akan memberikan khasiat yang baik apabila dikonsumsi dengan cara dan dosis yang tepat untuk tujuan pengobatan. Berdasarkan penelitian sebelumnya pemberian jintan hitam (Nigella sativa L) terhadap mencit betina menyebabkan terjadinya aktivitas antifertilisasi, antinociceptif, kontrasepsi postcoitus, dan antioksitosin yang diduga dapat melancarkan menstruasi. Tingkat keamanan konsumsi jintan hitam pada masa kehamilan terhadap perkembangan fetus, serta sistem reproduksi mencit betina yang menimbulkan malfomasi congenital pada anaknya belum banyak diteliti. Tujuan dari penelitian ini untuk mengetahui pengaruh ekstrak jintan hitam (Nigella sativa L) terhadap jumlah fetus mencit,ukuran panjang ekstremitas depan dan belakang pada fetus mencit, dan jumlah fetus malformasi pada mencit. Penelitian ini menggunakan 20 ekor mencit betina yang sudah bunting dan dibagi menjadi 4 kelompok yaitu kelompok K (kontrol) diberi 0,3 mL aquabides, kelompok perlakuan P1 dengan dosis 2,1 mg/g BB dalam 0,3 mL aquabides, kelompok perlakuan P2 dengan dosis 8,4 mg/g BB dalam 0,3 mL aquabides, dan kelompok perlakuan P3 dengan dosis 33,6 mg/g BB dalam 0,3 mL aquabides. Perlakuan diberikan pada hari ke 6 sampai ke 17 kebuntingan. Hasil menunjukkan bahwa pemberian ekstrak jintan hitam tidak memberikan pengaruh terhadap jumlah fetus yang dikandung dan tidak menurunkan pertumbuhan ekstrimitas depan dan belakang fetus mencit karena tidak menunjukkan hasil yang signifikan antara kelompok kontrol (K) dan kelompok perlakuan (P1, P2, dan P3). Pemberian ekstrak jintan hitam (Nigella sativa L.) tidak meningkatkan jumlah fetus malformasi akan tetapi menyebabkan adanya fetus yang mati pada saat kelahiran dan mengalami malformasi pada beberapa fetus lainnya.
The use of traditional medicine has developed well and is now widely used as an alternative medicine to treat health problems. Traditional medicine will provide good efficacy if consumed in the right way and dosed for medicinal purposes. Based on previous research, giving black cumin (Nigella sativa L) to female mice caused infertility, antinociceptive, postcoitus contraception, and anti-oxytocin activities which were thought to be able to launch menstruation. The safety level of consumption of black cumin during pregnancy on fetal development, as well as the reproductive system of female mice that cause congenital malformations in their offspring, has not been widely studied. The purpose of this study was to determine the effect of black cumin extract (Nigella sativa L) on the number of mice fetuses, the length of the front and back extremities in mice fetuses, and the number of malformed fetuses in mice. This study used 20 pregnant female mice and was divided into 4 groups, namely group K (control) was given 0.3 mL aquabidest, treatment group P1 with a dose of 2.1 mg/g BW in 0.3 mL aquabidest, treatment group P2 with a dose of 8.4 mg/g BW in 0.3 mL aquabidest, and the P3 treatment group with a dose of 33.6 mg/g BW in 0.3 mL aquabidest. The treatment was given on the 6th to 17th day of pregnancy. The results showed that the administration of black cumin extract had no effect on the number of fetuses conceived and did not reduce the growth of the front and rear extremities of the mice fetuses because it did not show significant results between the control group (K) and the treatment group (P1, P2, and P3). The administration of black cumin extract (Nigella sativa L.) did not increase the number of malformed fetuses but caused fetal death at birth and malformations in several other fetuses.
Isolation and Identification of Entomopathogenic Fungi from Teak Leaf Little Soil and Paddy Soil with Various Isolation Methods
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Abstract
Kapang entomopatogen merupakan kapang yang memiliki kemampuan untuk menginfeksi serangga. Kapang tersebut dapat menginfeksi dengan cara penembusan hifa ke tubuh serangga inang melalui kulit, saluran pencernaan, spirakel dan lubang lainnya. Tujuan dari penelitian ini yaitu untuk mengisolasi dan mengidentifkasi kapang entomopatogen pada tanah serasah daun jati dan tanah sawah dengan metode isolasi yang berbeda. Metode isolasi kapang entomopatogen menggunakan metode insect bait, insect bait dengan pengayakan tanah, dan metode pengenceran. Serangga yang digunakan untuk uji larva Tenebrio molitor. Isolasi tanah sawah berhasil menumbuhkan kapang entomopatogen pada tubuh larva Tenebrio molitor ditandai dengan adanya miselium kapang menutupi tubuh larva. Hasil isolasi didapatkan 6 isolat yaitu S2A, S2B, S2C, S3A, S3B, S3C. Keenam isolat tersebut merupakan kapang Fusarium sp.
Kata kunci: Fusarium sp., identifikasi, isolasi, kapang Entomopatogen, T. molitor
Entomopathogenic fungi are molds that have the ability to infect insects. The mold can infect by penetrating the hyphae into the host insect's body through the skin, digestive tract, spiracles, and other holes. The purpose of this study was to isolat and identified entomopathogenic molds in teak leaf litter and paddy fields with different isolation methods. The isolation method of entomopathogenic molds used the insect bait method, insect bait with soil sieving, and the dilution method—insects used for the larval test of Tenebrio molitor. Isolation of paddy fields succeeded in growing entomopathogenic molds on the larval body of Tenebrio molitor, which was indicated by the presence of mold mycelium covering the larval body. The isolation results obtained 6 isolats, namely S2A, S2B, S2C, S3A, S3B, S3C. The six isolats were Fusarium sp.
Keywords: Entomopathogenic fungi, Fusarium sp., Identification, Isolation, T. molito
Physical Quality Characteristics of Coffea arabica and Coffea canephora Beans
Full text linkKomoditas kopi merupakan komoditas yang banyak digemari dengan Coffea arabica dan Coffea canephora sebagai kopi yang sering kali dibudidayakan di Indonesia. Kopi harus memenuhi kualitas Standar Nasional Indonesia, karenanya pada penelitian ini ditempuh metode identifikasi mutu kopi mengacu pada (SNI) 2907-2008. Sampel dalam penelitian ini yaitu kopi arabika (Coffea arabica) varietas Andungsari 2K (AS 2K), Komasti (Komposit Andungsari), serta kopi robusta (Coffea canephora) asal KP Kaliwining dan KP Sumberasin (SA). Hasil data penelitian menunjukkan bahwa kopi arabika hasil panen 2021 sesuai dengan uji mutu fisik SNI 01-02907-2008, varietas Andungsari 2K masuk dalam kategori mutu 2, dan Komasti masuk dalam kategori mutu 2. Kopi robusta hasil panen 2021 berdasarkan uji fsik sesuai dengan SNI 01-02907-2008, BP 308 masuk dalam kategori mutu 3, dan SA 237 masuk dalam kategori mutu 6.
Kata kunci: Coffea arabica, Coffea canephora, karakteristik fisik, kualitas biji
Coffee is a very popular commodity, with Coffea arabica and Coffea canephora being the most commonly cultivated coffees in Indonesia. Coffee must meet the quality requirements of the Indonesian National Standard, so the method of determining coffee quality used in this study is (SNI) 2907-2008. The arabica coffee (Coffea arabica) Andungsari 2K varieties (AS 2K), Komasti (Andungsari Composites), and robusta coffee (Coffea canephora) clones of KP Kaliwining and KP Sumberasin were used in this study (SA). According to the findings of the research, arabica coffee harvested in 2021 meets the physical quality test of SNI 01-02907-2008, the Andungsari 2K variety is in quality category 2, and Komasti is in quality category 2.
Keywords: Bean quality, Coffea arabica, Coffea canephora, physical characteristic
Growth of Hornbill Feed Seeds at Way Canguk Research Station, Bukit Barisan Selatan National Park
Full text linkRangkong merupakan jenis burung pemakan buah (frugivory). Buah yang dikonsumsi rangkong dikategorikandalam buah yang kecil dengan jumlah yang banyakdan jenis buah yang memiliki batu (stone seeds), yaitu jenis fikus dan non fikus. Peran rangkong di hutan sangatlah penting yaitu sebagai penebar bijimelalui sisa makanan dan kotoran rangkong karena sistem pencernaannya yang tidak merusak biji sehingga mencerminkan hutan yang sehat dan menandakan masih adanya pohon-pohon besar di wilayah tersebut. Penelitian ini dilakukan di Stasiun Penelitian Way Canguk (SPWC) TNBBS Lampung dengan metode observasi langsung melalui pengamatan laju pertumbuhan biji pakan rangkong secara generatif (semai) pada lokasi yang berbeda. Data disajikandalam bentuk tabel dan diagram kemudian dianalisis secara deskriptif. Hasil penelitian menunjukan diperolehnya biji sebanyak 581 buah dari 12 famili dan 26 spesies serta 7 jenis yang belum teridentifikasi. Nasib biji setelah dimuntahkan tumbuh sebanyak 39% dari keseluruhan biji yang diperoleh dan 61% biji tidak mengalami pertumbuhan diduga karena adanya predator biji dan rusaknya biji serta faktor naungan yang dapat menghambat pertumbuhan biji. Biji dari buah fikus yang berasal dari defekasi tidak mengalami pertumbuhan. Nilai laju pertumbuhan semai di alam lebih cepat dibandingkan dengan semai yang berada di media terkontrol atau disekitar kamp SPWC.
The hornbill is a type of frugivory bird. The fruit consumed by the hornbill is categorized into small fruit with a large number and the type of fruit that has stone seeds, namely ficus and non-ficus types. The role of hornbill in the forest is very important, namely as seed dispersal through food waste and hornbill droppings because their digestive system does not damage the seeds so that it reflects a healthy forest and indicates the presence of large trees in the area. This research was conducted at the Way Canguk Research Station (SPWC) TNBBS Lampung with direct observation by observing the growth rate of generative hornbill feed seeds (seedlings) at different locations. The data is presented in the form of tables and diagrams and then analyzed descriptively. The results showed that 581 seeds were obtained from 12 families and 26 species and 7 species that had not been identified. The fate of seeds after vomiting grew as much as 39% of the total seeds obtained and 61% of seeds did not experience growth, presumably due to seed predators and seed damage and shading factors that could inhibit seed growth. Seeds of ficus fruit from defecation did not grow. The value of the growth rate of seedlings in nature was faster than those in controlled media or around the SPWC camp.
Effectiveness of Sprout Extract (Vigna radiata) as a Sunscreen Material Using Uv-Vis Spectrophotometer
Full text linkPaparan sinar ultraviolet (UV) dari matahari dalam waktu yang lama dapat menyebabkan kerusakan kulit akut seperti tanning, kulit kemerahan atau eritema dan sunburn. Sehingga diperlukan sediaan tabir surya untuk melindungi kulit dari dampak buruk sinar UV. Pada penelitian ini, dibuat sunscreen dengan ekstrak kecambah, dimana diketahui bahwa kecambah memiliki kandungan asam amino leusin, arginin, isoleusin, valin, lisin, dan antioksidan yang cukup tinggi. Kandungan ini bermanfaat bagi tubuh dan baik untuk kesehatan kulit. Penelitian ini bertujuan menguji efektivitas ekstrak kecambah (Vigna radiata) sebagai bahan sunscreen dengan metode menggunakan alat spektrofotometer Uv-Vis. Kecambah diekstraksi dengan etanol 95% kemudian dilakukan pengukuran nilai SPF menggunakan spektrofotometer Uv-Vis dengan panjang gelombang antara 290-320 nm. Hasil penelitian menunjukan bahwa ekstrak kecambah nilai SPF yang didapatkan adalah 23 yang termasuk kedalam kategori perlindungan sedang.
Kata kunci: spektrofotometer, SPF, sunscreen,Vigna radiata, Uv-Vis,
Exposure to ultraviolet (UV) rays from the sun for a long time can cause acute skin damage such as tanning, erythema, and sunburn. So, it is necessary to prepare sunscreen to protect the skin from the adverse effects of UV rays. In this study, a sunscreen was made with sprout extract, where it was found that the sprouts contained high levels of the amino acids, leucine, arginine, isoleucine, valine, lysine, and antioxidants. This content is beneficial for the body and good for skin health. This study aimed to test the effectiveness of sprout extract (Vigna radiata) as a sunscreen ingredient by using a Uv-Vis spectrophotometer. Sprouts were extracted with 95% ethanol and then the SPF value was measured using a UV-Vis spectrophotometer with a wavelength between 290-320 nm. The results showed that the sprout extract SPF value obtained was 23 which was included in the category of moderate protection.
Keywords: spectrophotometer, SPF, sunscreen, Uv-Vis, Vigna radiat
Quantitative and Descriptive Paradermal Anatomy of Dendrobium discolour and Phalaenopsis amabilis Orchid Leaves
Full text linkDendrobium dan Phalaenopsis merupakan sumber daya genetik anggrek yang semakin langka, sehingga perlu dilakukan upaya pemuliaan untuk melestarikannya. Tujuan penelitian ini untuk mengetahui karakter morfologi dan anatomi Dendrobium dan Phalaenopsis. Metode yang digunakan yakni sayatan paradermal pada epidermis daun anggrek yang diamati secara mikroskopik, kuantitas anatominya, dan kualitas gambarnya. Penelitian ini menggunakan faktor tunggal dengan dua jenis anggrek yang digunakan dalam rancangan acak kelompok, serta variabel kualitatif dan kuantitatif. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa kedua permukaan Dendrobium memiliki Panjang dan lebar stomata yang hampir sama, sedangkan pada Phalaenopsis pada permukaan bawah daun memiliki ukuran stomata yang sedikit lebih besar dibandingkan dengan permukaan atas. Dendrobium memiliki bentuk sel epidermis atas heksagonal, jenis stomata parasite dan bagian bawah tetrasitik, sedangkan daun Phalaenopsis di permukaan bawah dan atas adalah tetrasitik. Stomata terdapat pada permukaan atas dan bawah daun anggrek Dendrobium dan Phalaenopsis. Berdasarkan dari penelitian yang telah dilakukan terdapat perbedaan pada jumlah stomata, bentuk sel epidermis dan jenis stomata pada permukaan daun atas dan bawah anggrek Dendrobium maupun Phalaenopsis.
Kata kunci: Anatomi, Anggrek, Dendrobium, Paradermal, Phalaenopsis.
Dendrobium and Phalaenopsis are genetic resources of orchids that are increasingly rare, so breeding efforts are needed to preserve them. The purpose of this study was to determine the morphological and anatomical characters of Dendrobium and Phalaenopsis. This research was conducted in April-September 2021 at the Botanical Laboratory of the Biology Department, University of Lampung. The method used is a paradermal incision on the epidermis of orchid leaves which was observed microscopically, the anatomical quantity, and the image quality. This study used a single factor with two types of orchids used in a randomized block design, as well as qualitative and quantitative variables. The results showed that the two surfaces of Dendrobium had almost the same length and width of stomata, while Phalaenopsis on the lower surface of the leaves had stomata size which was slightly larger than the upper surface. Dendrobium has a hexagonal upper epidermal cell shape, parasite stomata type and the bottom is tetracytic, while Phalaenopsis leaves on the lower and upper surfaces are tetracytic. Stomata are found on the upper and lower surfaces of the leaves of Dendrobium and Phalaenopsis orchids. Based on the research that has been done, there are differences in the number of stomata, the shape of the epidermal cells and the type of stomata on the upper and lower leaf surfaces of Dendrobium and Phalaenopsis orchids.
Keywords: Anatomy, Orchid, Dendrobium, Paradermal, Phalaenopsis
Study of Large Ruminants Diversity in Java at Eighth Century Based on Borobudur Temple Reliefs
Full text linkLarge ruminants, consisting of cattle and buffalo, have played an important role in human life from the past to the present. Information about the utilization of large ruminants was often found in inscriptions in ancient Java. Unfortunately, the diversity of these large ruminants was not described in detail. The reliefs of the temples can be used as a consideration in understanding the diversity of large ruminants based on the morphological characteristics carved in the reliefs. Borobudur Temple, a historical building from the 8th century AD which was rich in reliefs, can be used as a data source to find information about the diversity of the large ruminants in Java. The aims of this study was to find the diversity of the large ruminants in Java in the 8th century based on the reliefs at Borobudur Temple. The research was conducted by observing various large ruminant images contained in the reliefs of Borobudur Temple. The results of the observations were interpreted and clustered based on their morphological characteristics. The results showed that there were ten relief panels containing images of cattle and nine relief panels containing images of buffalo. Based on the observed morphological characteristics, it could be concluded that there was only one breed of cattle and buffalo, respectively zebu (Bos indicus) and wild buffalo (Bubalus arnee)
Diversity of Rodentia and Scandentia Species in the Batutegi Protected Forest, Tanggamus Lampung
Full text linkMamalia kecil seperti Rodentia dan Scandentia adalah salah satu satwa liar yang sering dianggap sebagai hama perusak, sehingga kurang dijaga kelestariannya. Keberadaan Rodentia dan Scandentia dalam ekosistem sangat penting antara lain sebagai sarana penyebaran biji tumbuh-tumbuhan, dan sebagai kontrol terhadap serangga. Penelitian ini dilaksanakan di kawasan Hutan Lindung Batutegi Tanggamus Lampung mulai bulan Mei sampai Juni 2021. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui keanekaragaman, perilaku, dan, faktor lingkungan yang mempengaruhi keberadaan jenis Rodentia dan Scandentia di kawasan Hutan Lindung Batutegi Tanggamus Lampung. Metode yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah metode survei dengan teknik purposive sampling yaitu dengan mencari lokasi ditemukannya Rodentia dan Scandentia, data yang diperoleh ditampilkan dalam bentuk tabel dan gambar serta dihitung indeks keanekaragamannya dengan menggunakan indeks keanekaragaman Shannon-Wiener dan indeks kemerataan. Berdasarkan hasil penelitian, nilai indeks keanekaragaman jenis di blok inti adalah H’= 2,772 termasuk dalam kategori sedang yang terdiri dari sebanyak 26 jenis yang ditemukan. Nilai indeks keanekaragaman jenis di blok pemanfaatan adalah H’= 1,596 yang terdiri dari 15 jenis yang ditemukan. Nilai indeks tersebut tergolong dalam kategori sedang, dimana nilai indeks tersebut tidak lebih dari H’= 3. Nilai indeks kemerataan pada blok inti adalah E= 0,851 tergolong dalam kategori tinggi dengan komunitas stabil, sedangkan pada blok pemanfaatan adalah E= 0,59 tergolong dalam kategori sedang dengan komunitas labil. Hal tersebut dipengaruhi oleh sumber pakan, habitat, dan faktor adanya aktivitas manusia. Aktivitas perilaku satwa yang ditemukan lebih banyak terdapat pada waktu pagi hari dari suku Sciuridae, Tupaiidae pada waktu sore hari, dan suku Muridae dan Hystricidae pada waktu malam hari (nokturnal).
Kata kunci: hutan lindung Batutegi, indeks keanekaragaman, indeks kemerataan, purposive sampling, Rodentia, Scandentia,
Small mammals such as Rodentia and Scandentia are one of the wild animals that are often considered as destructive pests, so that their sustainability is not maintained. The existence of Rodentia and Scandentia in the ecosystem is very important, among others, as a means of dispersal of plant seeds, and as a control against insects. This research was conducted in the Batutegi Tanggamus Protected Forest area, Lampung from May to June 2021. This study aims to determine the diversity, behavior, andenvironmental factors that influence the presence of Rodentia and Scandentia species in the Batutegi Tanggamus Protected Forest area, Lampung. The method used in this study is a survey method with purposive sampling technique, namely by finding the location where Rodentia and Scandentia were found, the data obtained are displayed in tables and figures and the diversity index is calculated using the Shannon-Wiener diversity index and evenness index. Based on the results of the study, the value of the species diversity index in the core block was H'= 2.772 which was included in the medium category which consisted of as many as 26 species were found. The value of the species diversity index in the utilization block is H'= 1,596 which consists of 15 species found. The index value belongs to the medium category, where the index value is not more than H'= 3. The evenness index value in the core block is E= 0.851 belonging to the high category with a stable community. Meanwhile, in the utilization block, E= 0.59 belongs to the medium category with unstable community. This is influenced by food sources, habitats, and human activities. Animal behavior activities were found to be mostly found in the morning from the Sciuridae tribe, Tupaiidae in the afternoon, and the Muridae and Hystricidae tribes at night (nocturnal).
Keywords: Batutegi protected forest, diversity index, evenness index, purposive sampling, Rodentia, Scandentia
Isolation and Characterization of Pathogenic Microbes Origin in Strawberry (Fragaria sp.) Based on Koch's Postulates
Full text linkStrawberry (Fragaria sp.) is a horticultural plant originating from the Americas. Strawberries have a distinctive sweet and refreshing taste, and contain lots of vitamins and antioxidants that are useful for body health. But strawberries are also easily damaged. This damage can be caused by spoilage microorganisms such as bacteria and fungi that can grow if conditions permit such as the presence of appropriate temperature and humidity conditions. In this experiment, aims to isolate pathogenic microorganisms that cause disease in symptomatic strawberries and prove that these pathogens actually cause disease using Koch's Postulates method and then descriptive analysis is carried out. From the experimental results, it was found that soft rot disease in strawberries was characterized by rotten fruit parts that looked wet, slightly brownish in color, slimy, there were fine white threads and emitted a foul odor with a percentage of IP (disease occurrence) of 100% and KP (disease severity) of 92.66% where based on the score the damage was the highest
Potentially Invasive Plant Types in Way Kambas National Park
No full textTumbuhan asing invasif merupakan salah satu ancaman bagi keanekaragaman hayati Indonesia. Tumbuhan ini dapat mengubah ekosistem dengan mendominasi lanskap. Mengingat besarnya dampak yang dapat ditimbulkan oleh invasi tumbuhan di kawasan konservasi, maka perlu dilakukan inventarisasi jenis-jenis tumbuhan yang berpotensi invasif di Taman Nasional Way Kambas (TNWK), sehingga dampak negatif dari invasi akan mudah di cegah. Inventarisasi dilakukan dengan membuat plot analisis vegetasi pada empat tipe vegetasi di TNWK, yaitu vegetasi hutan, vegetasi hutan campuran, vegetasi rawa dan vegetasi alang-alang. Berdasarkan hasil analisis vegetasi, diperoleh 11 jenis tumbuhan berpotensi invasif di TNWK, yaitu Actinoscirpus grossus, Clidemia hirta, Chromolaena odorata, Fimbristylis ovata, Hyptis capitata, Imperata cylindrica, Isachne globosa, Lantana camara, Melaleuca leucadendron, Melastoma malabathricum, dan Mimosa pigra.
Invasive alien plant species are a threat to Indonesia's biodiversity. These plants can change ecosystems by dominating landscapes. Given the magnitude of the impact that can be caused by plant invasions in conservation areas, it is necessary to carry out an inventory of potentially invasive plant species in Way Kambas National Park (TNWK), so that the negative impacts of these invasions can be easily prevented. . The inventory was carried out by plotting vegetation analysis on four types of vegetation in TNWK, namely forest vegetation, mixed forest vegetation, swamp vegetation, and alang-alang vegetation. Based on the results of the vegetation analysis, 11 species of plants that have the potential to be invasive in TNWK were found, namely Actinoscirpus grossus, Clidemia hirta, Chromolaena odorata, Fimbristylis ovata, Hyptis capitata, Imperata cylindrica, Isachne globosa, Lantana camara, Melaleuca leucadendron, Melastoma malabathricum, dan Mimosa pigra.