Jurnal Ilmiah Biologi Eksperimen dan Keanekaragaman Hayati (J-BEKH)
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Effect of Sugar Type Variation on Nata de Coco Growth
Full text linkThe utilization of old coconut still needs to be improved. Old coconut water that is wasted can pollute the soil because of the acetic acid content produced by the fermentation process. Waste of old coconut water can be used as a food product in the form of nata, which has economic value and reduces environmental pollution. Sucrose is a carbon source for making nata de coco because it is an energy source for Acetobacter xylinum bacteria. Varied carbon sources can have different effects on nata de coco growth. The study results are used as learning media in class X high school. This study aimed to determine the effect of coconut sugar, corn sugar, and rock sugar on the quality of nata de coco, the type of sugar that is best for nata de coco growth, and the feasibility of e-booklet learning media. This research used an experimental and one-factor, complete, randomized design. Data analysis used was organoleptic testing juxtaposed with hedonic test, wet weight calculation, thickness, and learning media validation. The results showed that sugar cubes had the highest average value with a wet weight of 292 gr and a thickness of 1.4 cm. The lowest average value is corn sugar, with an average wet weight of 172 grams and a thickness of 0.9 cm. Organoleptic and hedonic testing of corn sugar has the highest value of 14.09. The validated e-booklet has a percentage score of 88.18% with very feasible criteria. Based on the study results, the varied types of carbon sources significantly affect the quality of nata de coco assessed in terms of appearance and organoleptic aspects
Plankton Community Structure as a Bioindicator of Water Quality in the Way Sekampung River- the Segment of Rulung Helok
Full text linkPlanktons are microorganisms that live in aquatic habitats. Plankton is used as a quality bioindicator of a water body. Way Sekampung flows to several areas in Lampung Province. The existence of activities around the watershed such as settlements, agriculture, and industrial waste disposal is thought to affect the water quality of the Way Sekampung River. The purpose of this study was to determine the water quality of Way Sekampung River based on plankton community structure consisting of abundance index, diversity index, uniformity index, and dominance index. Water sample data were analyzed using chemical parameters namely pH, BOD, DO, Phosphate, Nitrate, and physical parameters namely temperature and Total Suspended Solid (TSS) which are used to determine the status of water quality standards. This research was conducted at the beginning of the dry season (April) and the beginning of the rainy season (October). Sampling used a survey method based on the Way Sekampung River segment. Sampling points were carried out before and after the Argoguruh Dam. The results showed that the water quality of Way Sekampung River at the beginning of the dry season (April) and the beginning of the rainy season (October) were moderately polluted based on the analysis of plankton community structure such as abundance index, diversity, uniformity, and dominance
Diversity and Community Structure of Butterly in Teijsmann and Soedjana Kassan Park, Bogor Botanical Garden
Full text linkAs a megadiversity country, Indonesia is home to a large number of flora and fauna, one of which is the butterfly. The Bogor Botanical Garden, situated at the center of Bogor City, not only serves as a green open space but also as a conservation area for plants and animals composed in it. This study aimed to assess the diversity of butterfly species in Teijsmann Park and Soedjana Kassan Park, Bogor Botanical Garden through inventory and identification. Sampling was carried out at spots that were 100 meters apart from each other on a walked-line transect defined at the two parks. The diversity parameters assessed and analyzed are relative abundance, relative frequency, Shannon-Wiener (H’) diversity index, Evenness index (E), and dominance. In a total of 202 sample individuals, there were identified 38 species of butterflies belonging to 5 families namely Papilionidae, Pieridae, Nymphalidae, Lycaenidae, and Hesperiidae. The highest abundance found in Teijsmann Park is Ypthima philomela from the Nymphalidae family and Zizina otis from the Lycaenidae family. Species with the highest frequency are Junonia hedonia and Ypthima philomela from the Nymphalidae family. On the other hand, the highest frequency and abundance found in Soedjana Kassan Park was Leptosia nina from the Pieridae family. Teijsmann Park showed a slightly higher value of diversity and evenness indexes (H'=2.62, E=0.84) when compared to Soedjana Kassan Park (H'=2.50, E=0.76).
Treatment of Songgo Langit Extract (Tridax procumbens) Against Blood Glucose Levels and Pancreatic Histopathology of Hyperglycemic Mice
Full text linkHyperglycemia is an early symptom of diabetes caused by the pancreas not being able to produce enough insulin. This condition can disrupt blood glucose metabolism, thereby damaging organs in the body such as the pancreas. Hyperglycemia can be treated using traditional plant medicines. Songgo Langit leaves (Tridax procumbens L.) are reported to have secondary metabolite compounds that have potential as antidiabetic drugs. This study aims to determine the effect of administering Songgo Langit leaf extract on blood glucose levels and changes in the histopathological structure of the pancreas in hyperglycemic mice induced by alloxan. Using Complete Random Design, mice were divided into 5 groups of 5 mice each. Group K (-) was a negative control (not treated), group K (+) was a positive control (only induced by alloxan), group P1 was induced by alloxan and extract of 0.45 mg/g BW, group P2 was induced by alloxan and extract 0.9 mg /g BW, and group P3 was induced by alloxan and extract 1.8 mg/g BW for 14 days. Glucose level data were analyzed using ANOVA and post hoc test with LSD. Pancreatic histopathological structure data were analyzed using the Kruskal-Wallis test and the Mann-Whitney post hoc test. The results showed that the treatment of ethanol extract of Songgo Langit leaf at doses P1, P2, and P3 were significantly able to reduce blood glucose levels by 61.70%, 65.11%, and 74.79% and was able to repair damage to pancreatic histopathology of mice induced by alloxan
Effectiveness of Ovitrap Against Aedes aegypti Mosquito In Kemiling Raya Sub-District Bandar Lampung City And The Vulnerability Of Its Larvals To Temephos
Full text linkDemam Berdarah Dengue (DBD) adalah salah satu masalah kesehatan masyarakat, yang disebabkan oleh Virus Dengue. Di Indonesia kasus DBD masih tinggi, khususnya di Lampung, salah satu Kota dengan angka kasus DBD yang masih tinggi adalah Bandar Lampung. Dari berbagai hasil penelitian diketahui ovitrap memiliki fungsi monitoring serta pengendalian Aedes sp. Upaya pengendalian vektor nyamuk Ae. aegypti banyak dilakukan baik secara alami ataupun dengan cara kimia, cara kimia yang paling umum digunakan adalah penggunaan temephos. Penggunaan insektisida kimia seperti temephos secara terus menerus dapat menyebabkan resistensi. Tujuan penelitian untuk mengetahui efektivitas ovitrap di dalam dan luar rumah, mengetahui ovitrap index, serta status kerentanan larva nyamuk Ae. aegypti terhadap temephos di Kelurahan Kemiling Raya Kota Bandar Lampung. Penelitian dilakukan bulan Februari-April 2021. Ovitrap diletakkan di 142 rumah di dalam dan luar rumah, hasil telur dihitung, dipelihara dan diuji kerentananya. Bahan yang digunakan larva instar III hasil pemeliharaan hingga F1. Penelitian dilakukan dengan 4 kali ulangan, menggunakan 25 larva pada tiap gelas dengan larutan temephos 0,02 mg/L dalam 250 mL air dibiarkan kontak uji selama 1 jam dan masa pemulihan selama 24 jam. Hasil yang di dapat 83,10% rumah terdapat telur pada ovitrap dan 16,90% tidak ada telur, jumlah telur pada ovitrap di luar rumah (57%) lebih banyak dari dalam rumah (43%) serta ovitrap index yang didapatkan adalah 72,5%, persentase kematian 99% dan dikategorikan rentan.
Dengue Hemorrhagic Fever is one of the public health problems, which is caused by the Dengue Virus. In Indonesia, dengue cases are still high, especially in Lampung, one of the cities with a high number of dengue cases is Bandar Lampung. From various research results, it is known thatovitrap has the function of monitoring and controlling Aedes sp. Efforts to control the mosquito vector of Ae. aegypti is mostly done either naturally or chemically, the most commonly used chemical method is the use of temephos. The continuous use of chemical insecticides such as temephos can cause resistance. The purpose of the study was to determine the effectiveness of ovitrapinside and outside the home, to determine the ovitrap index, and the susceptibility status of Ae. aegypti against temephos in Kemiling Raya Village, Bandar Lampung City. The study was conducted in February-April 2021. Ovitrapswere placed in 142 houses inside and outside the house, egg yields were counted, maintained, and tested for susceptibility. Materials used for larvae instar III reared up to F1. The study was carried out with 4 replications, using 25 larvae in each glass with a solution of temephos 0.02 mg/L in 250 mL of water and allowed to contact the test for 1 hour and the recovery period for 24 hours. The results obtained were 83.10% of the house contained eggs in the ovitrap and 16.90% had no eggs, the number of eggs in the ovitrap outside the home (57%) was more than inside the house (43%) and the ovitrap index obtained was 72, 5%, the percentage of deaths is 99% and is categorized as vulnerable.
Identification of Potential Fungus as Plant Pest Organisms and Causes of Diseases in Cultivated Plants in Pekanbaru
Full text linkCendawan merupakan organisme yang mengganggu pertumbuhan tanaman seperti Jeruk kasturi, kedelai,gandum, dan tomat. Tujuan penelitain ini adalah untuk memeriksa potensi cendawan patogen yang dapat merusak tanaman budidaya seperti jeruk kasturi, gandum, kedelai dan tomat karena semua tanaman yang telah terinfeksi penyakit tidak akan bisa melakukan aktivitas fisiologi secara sempurna, sehingga tanaman tersebut akan mengalami penurunan kualitas dan kuantitas produksi. Penelitian ini merupakan penelitian deskriptif eksploratif dengan melakukan identifikasi cendawan pada daun jeruk kasturi, biji kedelai, daun gandum dan daun tomat dengan metode identifikasi makroskopis dan mikroskopis serta blotter test. Cendawan pada daun jeruk kasturi diidentifikasi sebagai Colletrotichum sp. dan Nigrospora sp. (non OPTK), sedangkan pada gandum yaitu Tilletia Indica (OPTK kategori A1), dan padatanaman tomat yaitu Fusarium oxysporium dan Curvularia lunata (OPTK). Pada biji kedelai diperolehPeronospora manshurica, Aspergillus niger, Aspergillus flavusdan Penicillium chrysogenum.
Kata kunci: Cendawan patogen, tanaman budidaya, Organisme Pengganggu Tanaman Karantina.
Fungi are organisms that interfere with the growth of plants such as musk oranges, soybeans, wheat, and tomatoes. The purpose of this study was to examine the potential for pathogenic fungi that can damage cultivated plants such as kaffir lime, wheat, soybeans and tomatoes because all plants that have been infected with the disease will not be able to carry out physiological activities perfectly, so that these plants will experience a decrease in quality and quantity. production. This research is an exploratory descriptive study by identifying the fungus on kaffir lime leaves, soybean seeds, wheat leaves and tomato leaves with macroscopic and microscopic identification methods and blotter test. The fungus on kaffir lime leaves was identified as Colletrotichum sp. and Nigrospora sp. (non-OPTK), while in wheat, namely Tilletia Indica (OPTK category A1), and in tomato plants, namely Fusarium oxysporium and Curvularia lunata (OPTK). In soybean seeds obtained Peronospora manshurica, Aspergillus niger, Aspergillus flavus and Penicillium chrysogenum.
Keywords: Cultivated plants, Pathogenic fungi, Quarantined Plant Destruction Organisms
Larvicide Effects of Serratia marcescens strain MBC1 Extract on Instar III Larvae of Aedes aegyti
No full textBakteri merupakan kandidat yang berpotensi sebagai larvasida Aedes aegypti. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui pengaruh ekstrak Serratia marcecsens strain MBC1 terhadap kematian larva instar III Aedes aegypti. Penelitian ini merupakan penelitian eksperimental dengan dua macam bentuk pengujian, yaitu uji larvasida untuk menentukan mortalitas dan uji lanjut untuk melihat perkembangan larva setelah perlakuan larvasida. Larva instar III diberi perlakuan dengan konsentrasi 125, 250, 500, dan 1.000 ppm. Uji larvasida diamati selama 24-72 jam. Uji lanjut larva instar III diberi perlakuan dengan konsentrasi 500 dan 1.000 ppm serta diamati sampai semua larva mati. Kontrol positif menggunakan Abate® 1% dan kontrol negatif menggunakan air sumur. Hasil analisis probit didapatkan bahwa nilai LC50 dan LC90 ekstrak S. marcescens adalah 66.426,02 dan 749.001,41ppm. Larva instar III mati pada 18 hari setelah perlakuan ekstrak S. marcescens strain MBC1. Hasil dari penelitian ini menunjukkan bahwa larvasida ekstrak S. marcescens mempengaruhi lamanya siklus hidup dan mati sebelum mencapai stadium dewasa.
Bacteria have potencial as larvicide of Aedes aegypti. The purpose of this study is to determine the effect of Serratia marcescens strain MBC1 against larval third instars of Aedes aegypti. This research was an experimental study with two kinds of testing. The larvicide test to determine the mortality of the larval and the continuous test to observe the development of the larval after treatment with the larvacide. The third instars of mosquito larval were given bacterial extract in four concentrations (125, 250, 500, and 1000 ppm), and observed mortality during 72 hours. The continuous larvicide test was observed at two concentrations (500 and 1,000 ppm). The observation is completed when all of the larvae died. The positive control used Abate® 1% and the negative control used natural water. The treatment was repeated 4 times. The results show that LC50 and LC90 of S. marcescens extract are 66,426.02 dan 749,001.41 ppm. All of the larvae in the continuous test die after 18 days have been givenan extract of S. marcescens strain MBC1. The experiment shows that the larvicide of extract of S. marcescens influences the length of the life cycle and larvae of Ae. aegypti die before reaching the adult.
The Ability of Soil Bacteria from Liwa Botanical Gardens to Produce Indole Acetic Acid Hormone (AIA)
Full text linkHormon AIA berperan besar dalam memperbesar dan memperpanjang sel, pembelahan sel, khususnya pada daerah ujung tanaman. Bakteri yang memiliki kemampuan dalam menghasilkan hormon AIA diantaranya Enterobacter sp., Azospirillum sp., Klebsiella sp., Alcaligenes faecalis, Azoarcus sp., Serratia sp., Azotobacter sp., Cyanobacteria, Erwinia herbicola, Pseudomonas sp., Rhizobium, Bradyrhizobium, Agrobacterium tumafaciens. Sintesis AIA ini memerlukan senyawa tambahan berupa triptopan. Namun beberapa bakteri mampu memproduksi AIA tanpa penambahan prekursor. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk memperoleh isolat bakteri penghasil hormon AIA dari tanah Kebun Raya Liwa. Pada ini diawali dengan isolasi bakteri tanah asal Kebun Raya Liwa, selanjutnya dilakukan uji kemampuan produksi AIA secara kuantitatif tanpa penambahan triptopan. Pengujian produksi AIA secara kualitatif dilakukan dengan menggunakan media Nutrien Broth dengan metode spektrofotometri dengan penambahan reagen salkowsky dan dilakukan pengamatan setelah 72 jam inkubasi. Data yang didapatkan disajikan dalam bentuk tabel. Hasil penelitian didapatkan 9 isolat yang mampu menghasilkan hormon AIA dengan kadar yang berbeda. Isolat penghasil AIA tertinggi yaitu isolat DT1 dengan kadar 114 ppm yang mempunyai karakteristik berbentuk bacil berwarna putih susu dan tidak berspora.
AIA hormone plays a role in enlarging and elongating cells, and cell division, especially at the tip of the plant. Bacteria that have the ability to produce IAA hormones include Enterobacter sp., Azospirillum sp., Klebsiella sp., Alcaligenes faecalis, Azoarcus sp., Serratia sp., Azotobacter sp., Cyanobacteria, Erwinia herbicola, Pseudomonas sp., Rhizobium, Bradyrhizobium, Agrobacterium tumafaciens. The synthesis of AIA requires an additional compound in the form of tryptophan. However, some bacteria can produce AIA without the addition of precursors. The goal of this study was to obtain isolates of AIA hormone-producing bacteria from the soil of the Liwa Botanical Gardens. This begins with the isolation of soil bacteria from the Liwa Botanical Gardens, then a quantitative test of AIA production capability is carried out without the addition of tryptophan. Qualitative testing of AIA production was carried out using Nutrien Broth media with spectrophotometric methods with the addition of Salkowsky reagent and observations were made after 72 hours of incubation. The data obtained are presented in tabular form. The results showed that 9 isolates were able to produce the AIA hormone at different levels. The highest AIA-producing isolate was the DT1 isolate with a concentration of 114 ppm which had the characteristics of a milky white bacillus and no spores.
Preference of Feed Species for the Sulawesi Digo Monkey (Macaca ochreata) and its Association with Birds in the Tanjung Peropa Wildlife Sanctuary, Southeast Sulawesi
Full text linkMacaca ochreata merupakan primata endemik Sulawesi yang semakin terancam dan hanya terdapat di Sulawesi Tenggara. Hewan ini dianggap hama karena mengganggu tanaman budidaya. Penelitian ini bertujuan mengetahui jenis tumbuhan pakan dan burung yang yang berasosi dengan Macaca ochreata. Kegiatan ini dilaksanakan pada bulan Agustus-September 2020, di wilayah perkebunan masyarakat yang berbatasan dengan hutan Suaka Margasatwa Tanjung Peropa, Kecamatan Moramo, Kabupaten Konawe Selatan. Pengambilan sampel dilakukan dengan metode observasi pada jalur yang dilewati kawanan Macaca ochreata. Data dianalisis secara deskriptif dan disajikan dalam bentuk tabel dan gambar. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa pakan Macaca ochreata terdiri atas 14 jenis tumbuhan dari 9 famili, Beringin (Ficus benjamina) merupakan jenis pakan yang paling dipilih (20,9%) diikuti tawon ara (Ficus microcarapa) sebesar 10,8%, dao (Dracontomelon dao) dan yang terendah adalah simpur (Dilenia indica) 3,2%. Bagian tumbuhan yang dimakan oleh Macaca ochreata yaitu bagian buah (67%), buah dan bunga (24,1%), pucuk daun (12,7%) dan bunga dan daun (5,7%). Hewan ini berasosiasi dengan burung kadalan sulawesi dan burung srigunting jambul rambut
Kata kunci: Endemik, M. ochreata, R. calyorhynchus, Tanjung Beropa.
Macaca ochreata is an endemic primate of Sulawesi which is increasingly threatened with extinction only in Southeast Sulawesi. These animals are considered pests because they often interfere with cultivated plants. This study aims to determine the types of forage plants and birds associated with Macaca ochreata. This activity was carried out in August-September 2020, in a community plantation area bordering the Tanjung Peropa Wildlife Reserve forest, Moramo District, South Konawe Regency. Sampling was carried out using the observation method on the path traversed by the Macaca ochreata herd. Data were analyzed descriptively and presented in the form of tables and figures. The results showed that Macaca ochreata's diet consisted of 14 plant species from 9 families, banyan (Ficus benjamina) was the most preferred type of feed (20.9%) followed by fig wasp (Ficus microcarapa) 10.8%, dao (Dracontomelon dao) and the lowest was simpur (Dilenia indica) 3.2%. The plant parts that Macaca ochreata eats are fruit (67%), fruit and flowers (24.1%), leaf shoots (12.7%) and flowers and leaves (5.7%). This animal is associated with the Sulawesi monitor lizard and the crested srigunting bird
Keywords: Endemic, M. ochreata, R. calyorhynchus, Tanjung Beropa
The Potential of Soil Bacterial Isolates from Liwa Botanical Gardens, West Lampung as Phosphate Solubilizing Bacteria
Full text linkTanah Kebun Raya Liwa (KRL) Lampung Barat merupakan tanah jenis laterit yang kandungan unsur hara dan kesuburan tanahnya rendah, sehingga tidak dapat mendukung pertumbuhan tanaman hias yang ada secara optimal. Salah satu unsur hara yang penting dalam menunjang kesuburan dan pertumbuhan tanaman adalah fosfat. Jumlah fosfat terlarut dalam tanah yang dapat dimanfaatkan oleh tanaman sangat sedikit sehingga menyebabkan defisiensi. Bakteri pelarut fosfat asli dibutuhkan untuk memenuhi kebutuhan fosfat bagi tanaman. Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah untuk mendapatkan isolat bakteri pelarut fosfat yang berpotensi melarutkan fosfat. Penelitian ini dilaksanakan pada bulan Maret sampai Juni 2021 meliputi isolasi bakteri pelarut fosfat dan pengujian potensi pelarutan fosfat pada media pikovskaya padat. Potensi bakteri pelarut fosfat ditentukan berdasarkan nilai Indeks Kelarutan Fosfat (IPF) tertinggi. Hasil isolasi tanah dari Kebun Raya Liwa diperoleh 10 isolat yang mampu melarutkan fosfat dan menghasilkan zona bening. Isolat dengan potensi pelarutan fosfat terbaik adalah isolat C1 dan C3 dengan nilai indeks pelarutan fosfat 2, 6 dan 2.
Liwa Botanical Gardens (KRL) soil, West Lampung is a lateritic soil type nutrient content and low soil fertility, so it can’t support the growth of existing ornamental plants optimally. One of the important nutrients in supporting fertility and plant growth is phosphate. The amount of dissolved phosphate in the soil that can be utilized by plants is very small, causing a deficiency. Indigenous phosphate solubilizing bacteria are needed to meet the needs of phosphate for plants. The purpose of this study was to obtain isolates of phosphate solubilizing bacteria that have the potential to dissolve phosphate. This research was carried out from March to June 2021 covering the isolation of phosphate solubilizing bacteria and testing the potential for dissolving phosphate on solid pikovskaya media. Potential phosphate solubilizing bacteria were determined based on the highest Phosphate Solubility Index (IPF) value. The results of soil isolation from Liwa Botanical Gardens obtained 10 isolates capable of dissolving phosphate and producing a clear zone. Isolates with the best phosphate solubilizing potential were isolates C1 and C3 with phosphate solubilizing index values of 2, 6 and 2.