Jurnal Ilmiah Biologi Eksperimen dan Keanekaragaman Hayati (J-BEKH)
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The Effect of The Tree Rats (Rattus Tiomanicus (Miller, 1900)) Attack on The Quality of The Crude Palm Oil (CPO) Palm Oil (Elaeis Guineensis Jacq.) Plantations of Palangkaraya Central Kalimantan
Full text linkIndonesia is the world’s largest producer of Crude Palm Oil (CPO). Tree rats (Rattus tiomanicus (Miller, 1900)) pose a significant problem in palm oil plantations by eating and damaging the mesocarp, reducing fruit weight, and affecting the Oil Extraction Rate (OER) and Free Fatty Acid (FFA) levels in CPO. This study investigates the impact of rat bites on CPO quality, focusing on OER and FFA levels. Using an experimental method, palm fruit groups with varying rat attack levels were compared to rested (3 days delayed in transport) and other pest attacked fruit groups. Results from a one-way ANOVA and Post Hoc LSD test showed that severe rat attacks (>50%) significantly affected OER and FFA compared to other conditions
Helminthiasis and Factors Affecting Nutritional Status of Pregnant Women at Karang Anyar Health Center Jati Agung, South Lampung: Helminthiasis dan Faktor yang Mempengaruhi Status Gizi Ibu Hamil di Puskesmas Karang Anyar Jati Agung Lampung Selatan
No full textNutrition in pregnancy is needed for fetal growth and development. Insufficient nutrition has the risk of causing Chronic Energy Deficiency (CED). The CED rate among pregnant women in Indonesia is 17.3% and in Lampung Province it is 13.6%. Nutritional status is influenced by nutritional intake and helminthiasis infection. Apart from that, there are other factors such as social determinants of health, namely economics, education, employment and age. This research uses a cross-sectional research design. The research sample was 86 pregnant women. Data collection was carried out using a questionnaire, measurement of Upper Arm Circumference (MUAC), and examination of feces using the formol ether sedimentation method. Bivariate analysis used chi square, Fisher, and Mann Whitney. The results of the study showed that there was a significant relationship between helminthiasis (p = 0.009), education (p = 0.023), and per capita income (p < 0.001) with the nutritional status of pregnant women. Meanwhile, for other variables (knowledge about helminthiasis, preventive behavior, age, and occupation) there was no significant relationship (p > 0.05). Helminthiasis is related to the nutritional status of pregnant women, so active screening is needed for the incidence of helminthiasis in pregnant women in the working area of the Karang Anyar Community Health Center, Jati Agung District, South Lampung Regency
Insect Diversity in Organic Rice Field Areas in Sumberjambe: Keanekaragaman Serangga Pada Area Sawah Organik Di Sumberjambe
Full text linkThis study aimed to analyze insect diversity in organic rice fields planted with white and black rice varieties. Yellow pan traps were used to collect insects, with six traps placed in each field. The traps, consisting of 12 cm yellow bowls filled with a 70% alcohol-soap solution, were mounted on 30 cm bamboo sticks and secured with double-sided tape. Sampling was conducted over nine weeks at three intervals (weeks 3, 6, and 9), with three replicates per week. Collected insects were carefully removed using a brush, preserved in bottles containing 70% alcohol, and labeled for plot identification. In the first week, insects in white rice fields included Asilidae, Tachinidae, Chrysomelidae, Syrphidae, and Tipulidae, while black rice fields contained Asilidae, Tachinidae, Sphecidae, Ichneumonidae, Chrysomelidae, and Coccinellidae. By the second week, white rice fields had Tachinidae, Asilidae, Sphecidae, Chrysomelidae, and Hesperiidae, while black rice fields had Tachinidae, Hesperiidae, Ichneumonidae, and Chrysomelidae. In the third week, white rice fields hosted Tachinidae, Ichneumonidae, Hesperiidae, Sphecidae, Coccinellidae, and Chrysomelidae, whereas black rice fields included Tachinidae, Halictidae, and Sphecidae
Biological Analysis of Mackerel Tuna (Euthynnus affinis) in Banda Sea Waters
No full textMackerel tuna (Euthynnus affinis) is a significant fishery commodity in the Banda Sea, part of Fisheries Management Area 714 (WPP 714). This study focused on analyzing the biological characteristics of mackerel tuna, including length-frequency distribution, recruitment patterns, growth parameters, and mortality rates. Research was conducted at the Kendari Ocean Fisheries Port (PPS), with catch data from the Banda Sea provided by PPS Kendari observers. Data were analyzed using Microsoft Excel and software applying Von Bertalanffy's growth model. Fish length increased throughout the year, with the highest frequency observed from April to May and an average length of 50 cm. Recruitment patterns revealed two annual peaks in March and August. The growth constant (K) was 0.632, with a growth index of 1.0. Mortality analysis showed total mortality (Z) at 6.70, natural mortality (M) at 1.24, fishing mortality (F) at 5.46, and an exploitation rate (E) of 0.82. These results suggest that while growth rates remain favorable, mackerel tuna is experiencing overexploitation, highlighting the need for sustainable fisheries management
Impact of Sewage Discharge on The Community Structure and Gonad Maturity of Fish in The Way Awi River Bandar Lampung
Full text linkWater pollution refers to the introduction of living organisms, substances, or other components by human activities that can degrade water quality or cause environmental harm. Gonad maturity level indicates the stage of readiness of prospective broodstock for the spawning process, assessed through visual and histological methods. This study aimed to assess water quality in the Way Awi River based on fish community structure and to evaluate the impact of sewage discharge on fish gonad maturity levels in Bandar Lampung's Way Awi River. Conducted between November and December 2023, this research sampled five points along the Way Awi River. Chemical analysis included pH, BOD, COD, and DO, while physical parameters such as temperature and TSS (Total Suspended Solids) were also analyzed. The findings indicate that the Way Awi River is moderately polluted, with no significant impact on the community structure, although there is a noticeable decrease in fish numbers from upstream to downstream. This study underscores the importance of understanding the risks associated with continuous disposal of waste into rivers
The Effect of Black Pepper (Piper nigrum L.) Extract on Morphology and number of Mice (Mus musculus L.) Spermatozoa Induced by Progestin Hormone
Full text linkThe progestin hormone is used as male hormonal contraception. Giving progestin to normal men can suppress libido and testicular function effectively, and reduce testosterone levels so that it can interferer with the spermatogenesis process. This study is about the effectiveness of black pepper (Piper nigrum L.) extract on morphology and number of spermatozoa in mice (Mus musculus L.) induced by progestin. This study used a completely randomized design (CRD) which has divided into four treatment groups, each group contained 5 mice and treated according to the experimental design. Group P0 as a control (given H2O), P1 (induced by 1,25 mg progestin), P2 (induced by 1,25 mg progestin and 3.33mg/Kg BW ethanol extract of black pepper), and P3 (induced by 1,25 mg progestin and 3.33mg/Kg BW distilled water extract of black pepper). The Progestin hormone is given twice (week 1 and week 2). Black pepper extract was given daily for 35 days. Data were analyzed by one-way ANOVA and continued with the LSD test with a level of 5%. The result showed that giving of ethanol extract and distilled water extract from black pepper could improve the normal morphology and number of spermatozoa in mice after induced by progestin hormone so that fertility in men increases
Eco-enzyme from Orange Peel as a Key Ingredient in Anti Acne Peel-off Gel Mask
No full textThis study aims to develop a peel-off gel mask formulated from orange peel eco-enzyme solution and its physical characteristics and antibacterial activity against Staphylococcus epidermidis. The resulting gel mask has organoleptic characteristics of transparent brownish color, thick gel consistency, and fresh sour-sweet aroma. Physical characteristic tests showed that the gel mask meets pharmaceutical requirements, namely: pH value 4.5-6.5, spreadability 5-7 cm, and drying time 15-30 minutes. The mask showed good homogeneity without aggregates, although it was a little difficult to peel off, but it was not easily torn, and had stable thermodynamic stability. Antibacterial tests revealed that the peel-off gel mask made from orange peel eco-enzyme was effective in inhibiting the growth of Staphylococcus epidermidis. The diameters of the inhibition zones of the P1, P2, and P3 masks were 2.5 ± 0.5 mm, 2.1 ± 0.35 mm, and 1.5 ± 0.5 mm, respectively. These results indicate the potential of eco-enzymes from orange peel as active ingredients for peel-off gel mask formulation for skin care, especially in inhibiting acne-causing bacteria
Analysis of Microplastic at Sea Water and Sediment in the Pasaran Island Bay Using FT-IR
Full text linkMarine pollution from ocean garbage, particularly plastic waste, has significant ecological impacts globally. Plastic debris dominates marine pollution and graadually breaks down into microplastics. This study analyzes microplastic particle count, shapes, and polymer types in water and sediiment around Pasaran Island. Research was conducted across four stations (Station I, II, III, and IV). Microplastics in seawater samples were extracted using solutions of 70% ethanol, 30% H2O2, and 30% NaCl. Sediments were treated with FeSO4 (0.05 M), NaCl, and 30% H2O2. Particle counts and shapes were identified with a digital microscope and polymer types were determined via Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy (FT-IR). Microplastic forms observed included fibers, fragments, film, and pellets, with fibers being the most abundant and pellets the least. Detected polymers included polyamide (PA), polyethylene (PE), polypropylene (PP), polyvinyl chloride (PVC), polystyrene (PS), and polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE), originating from both local plasstic use and seawater flow around Pasaran Island
Meta Analysis: The Soil Transmitted Helminth Infection and It’s Correlation with Anemia in Children
Full text linkSoil-transmitted helminth (STH) infections are common in regions with high rates of anemia, particularly in low-income countries where poor nutrition is prevalent. Children attending school in these areas are most vulnerable to anemia. Both anemia and STH infections can negatively affect children's physical development, school attendance, and learning abilities. This study aims to examine the relationship between STH infections and anemia in children. A systematic review and meta-analysis following PRISMA guidelines were conducted. Articles were selected based on eligibility criteria defined using the PICO model: Population = Primary School Children, Intervention = STH infections, Comparison = No STH infections, Outcome = Anemia. The article search covered publications from 2002 to 2024 across databases such as PubMed, Science Direct, Google Scholar, Springer Link, Hindawi, and PLOS One. Keywords used included "STH," "Anaemia," "STH AND Children," and "STH AND Anaemia." Inclusion criteria consisted of full-text, cross-sectional studies published in English that discussed the impact of STH on anemia in school-aged children. The final results were expressed as adjusted odds ratios (aOR) from multivariate analysis. Data were analyzed using RevMan 5.4, and meta-analysis was performed on 12 articles from Africa and Asia. The results indicated that children infected with STH had significantly lower hemoglobin levels, leading to anemia (aOR = 2.23, 95% CI = 1.07 to 4.65, p = 0.03). This study demonstrates that STH infections contribute to anemia in school-aged children
Exploration and Identification of Trichoderma sp. with Baiting Method as a Biological Agent in Horticultural Lands
Full text linkThe use of biological agents is an effective way to prevent the negative impacts of excessive synthetic chemical pesticide use. Trichoderma sp., a saprophytic fungus, acts as a biocontrol agent against various phytopathogenic molds and is more commonly found in rooted soil and leaves than in stems or fruits. This study aims to identify the characteristics and presence of Trichoderma sp. in horticultural land using the baiting method. Isolation was carried out by collecting fungi grown on rice, corn, and coconut bait using an inoculation needle. Three Trichoderma sp. isolates were obtained from chili and bamboo root soil using rice and corn bait. The results showed that the three isolates had similar characteristics: colonies were dark green, circular in shape, powdery in texture, and had entire margins. Microscopically, the isolates featured branched and upright conidiophores arranged vertically, short and thick phialides, round greenish conidia, and septate hyphae resembling threads