Jurnal Ilmiah Biologi Eksperimen dan Keanekaragaman Hayati (J-BEKH)
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Potential of Proteolytic Bacteria from Vegetable and Fruit Waste-Based Eco-Enzyme : Potensi Bakteri Proteolitik dari Eco-Enzyme Berbasis Limbah Sayuran dan Buah
Full text linkOrganic waste, often considered useless material, can be processed into value-added products such as eco-enzymes. Eco-enzyme is a liquid fermented from organic waste that contains various enzymes, including proteases. This study aims to explore the potential of proteolytic bacteria from eco-enzyme solutions made from vegetable and fruit waste and analyze the proteolytic index of the isolates obtained. This research applied a quantitative approach with descriptive methods. The isolation technique used in this research is the pour plate method with milk agar media, which calculates the number of bacterial colonies using the TPC (Total Plate Count) formula. The results showed that nine bacterial isolates were obtained from the isolation of vegetable and fruit waste-based eco-enzyme solution. Qualitative tests showed that isolate 8A had the highest proteolytic index of 5, while isolate 7B had the lowest proteolytic index of 1.5
Aquatic Insect Diversity as Bioindicators of Water Quality in Organic Inorganic Rice Fields, Pringsewu, Lampung: Keanekaragaman Serangga Air sebagai Indikator Kualitas Air di Sawah Organik Anorganik di Pringsewu Lampung
Full text linkThe diversity of aquatic insects serves as an important indicator for assessing the quality of agricultural ecosystems, particularly in organic and conventional (non-organic) rice fields. Organic farming, which relies on natural inputs, tends to support greater biodiversity, whereas conventional farming may reduce it due to the use of chemical substances. This study aimed to examine the diversity, dominance, evenness, and environmental factors influencing the presence of aquatic insects in two types of agricultural systems in Tulung Agung Village, Lampung. The results showed that the organic rice fields had higher aquatic insect diversity, with a diversity index (H') of 2.3386, a dominance index (D) of 0.058, and an evenness index (E) of 0.9411. In contrast, the conventional rice fields showed a diversity index (H') of 0.9743, a dominance index (D) of 0.5188, and an evenness index (E) of 0.3312. Environmental factors had no significant effect on aquatic insects in the organic fields, but showed a strong correlation in the conventional fields, with a correlation value (r) of 0.905 and a significance value (p) of 0.035. These findings highlight that organic farming systems are better able to support a more stable aquatic ecosystem balance
Ovicidal Potential of Ethanol Extract of Cherry Leaves (Muntingia calabura L.) against Aedes aegypti Mosquito: Potensi ovisida Ekstrak Etanol Daun Kersen (Muntingia calabura L.) terhadap Nyamuk Aedes aegypti
Full text linkDengue fever is one of the viral diseases transmitted through arthropods and is still a significant health problem worldwide. Dengue virus is transmitted by Aedes aegypti mosquitoes from one human to another through blood sucking. These mosquitoes usually live and lay eggs in habitats close to stagnant water. The usual efforts to control Ae. aegypti are using natural and synthetic chemicals. Compounds to control Ae. aegypti eggs are called ovicides. One of the natural ingredients that is thought to contain natural chemicals that have the potential to be used as an ovicide is cherry leaves (Muntingia calabura L.). This study aims to determine the potential of the ethanol extract of cherry leaves (M. calabura L.) as an ovicide against Ae. aegypti. Five treatments and four replications were used. The results of this study indicate that the ethanol extract of cherry leaves (M. calabura L.) can potentially be an insecticide for Ae. aegypti at a concentration of 1% and an exposure time of 72 hours
Water Quality Analysis Based on Diversity and Abundance of Plankton in the Way Besai River, North Lampung: Analisis Kualitas Air Berdasarkan Keanekaragaman dan Kelimpahan Plankton di Sungai Way Besai Lampung Utara
Full text linkPlankton is one of the aquatic biota that can act as a bioindicator of Water because it is susceptible to changes in the quality of the Water where it lives. The Way Besai River is in Dwikora Village, Bukit Kemuning District, North Lampung Regency. This study aimed to determine the water quality of the Way Besai River based on the diversity and abundance of plankton as a bioindicator of Water and to determine the relationship between the plankton community structure and water quality parameters. This study was conducted in November-December 2024. Sampling was performed using a survey method with 6 (six) spots, which were then identified and calculated using the Sedgewick-Rafter method. Based on the analysis of plankton abundance and diversity, it is known that the Way Besai River is moderately polluted, and there is a significant relationship between the plankton community structure and water quality parameters
Ectoparasites Identification on Spiny Lobster (Panulirus homarus) Cultivated Controlled Tanks and Floating Net Cages (KJA) at the Lampung Marine Aquaculture Center (BBPBL) : Identifikasi Ektoparasit Lobster Pasir (Panulirus homarus) pada Bak Terkendali dan Keramba Jaring Apung (KJA) di Balai Besar Perikanan Budidaya Laut (BBPBL) Lampung
Full text linkEctoparasites can infect aquatic biota, including spiny lobster (Panulirus homarus), which causes failure of spiny lobster cultivation, such as death, bacterial infection, and decreased cultivation quality. One of the failures of spiny lobster cultivation is often caused by ectoparasite disorders. Environmental conditions influence the growth and distribution of ectoparasites. This study aims to identify the types of ectoparasites and factors that influence the presence of ectoparasites in spiny lobsters and determine the intensity and dominance of spiny lobster ectoparasites. The study was conducted in floating net cages (KJA). It controlled Lampung Marine Aquaculture Center (BBPBL) tanks by purposive random sampling with 18 spiny lobsters, each taken from KJA and controlled tanks. The stages of the study included taking mucus samples on the tail and swimming legs (pleopods), microscopic examination of ectoparasites, calculating the intensity and dominance of ectoparasites, and measuring water quality parameters. The study results obtained three ectoparasites infecting the Spiny lobster, including the Protozoa phylum and the Ciliata class: Vorticella sp., Zoothamnium sp., and Epistylis sp. The intensity of Vorticella sp. ectoparasite attacks was 11.5/lobster. The most dominant ectoparasite was the Vorticella sp. type at 53.90%. The difference in the number of ectoparasites in controlled tanks and floating net cages was due to differences in temperature, size of the cultivation container, and depth, which affected water quality
Tissue Culture of Purple Sweet Potato Using Murashige and Skoog (MS) Medium Based on Benzyl Amino Purine (BAP) : Kultur Jaringan Ubi Jalar Ungu Menggunakan Media Murashige dan Skoog (MS) Berbasis Benzyl Amino Purine BAP
Full text linkPurple sweet potato (Ipomoea batatas L.) is one of the local food sources rich in anthocyanins and has great potential to be developed through tissue culture techniques. This study aimed to determine the effect of Benzyl Amino Purine (BAP) on the growth of purple sweet potato explants cultured in vitro using Murashige and Skoog (MS) medium. The experiment was conducted using a Completely Randomized Design (CRD) with four BAP concentration treatments (0, 2.5, 3.5, and 5.0 mg/L), each replicated five times, resulting in 20 experimental units. The explants used were stem segments of purple sweet potato (Ipomoea batatas L.). The explants were then cultured on solid Murashige and Skoog (MS) medium containing BAP for 8 weeks. Observed parameters included plant height, callus height, and the percentage of explants forming callus. The results showed that the 3.5 mg/L BAP treatment (N2) produced the best growth, with an average plant height of 2.7 mm, callus height of 1.6 mm, and 100% callus formation. Statistical analysis indicated that BAP application had a significant effect on all observed parameters. Therefore, a concentration of 3.5 mg/L BAP is recommended as the optimal treatment for in vitro propagation of purple sweet potato
Mortality and Morphological Changes in Aedes aegypti Larvae by Bacillus thuringiensis and Serratia marcescens: Mortalitas dan Perubahan Morfologi Larva Aedes aegypti oleh Bacillus thuringiensis dan Serratia marcescens
Full text linkThe use of biolarvicides is an alternative biological agent to replace synthetic insecticides, namely entomopathogenic bacteria. The purpose of this study was to determine the potential of Bacillus thuringiensis and Serratia marcescens extracts on mortality and morphological changes in Aedes aegypti larvae. This study was a 2-factor experimental study using a Randomized Block Design (RBD). The first factor, the type of entomopathogenic bacteria, namely B. thuringiensis and S. marcescens. The second factor, the concentration of bacterial extracts (60 mL, 70 mL, 80 mL), negative control (sterile distilled water). Mortality data were processed using ANOVA at the 5% level. The results showed that the administration of B. thuringiensis and S. marcescens extracts caused mortality and morphological changes in Ae. aegypti larvae. B. thuringiensis at concentrations of 60 mL, 70 mL, and 80 mL caused 100% larval mortality, while S. marcescens at concentrations of 60 mL resulted in 70%, 53%, and 50% at concentrations of 70 mL and 80 mL, respectively. Morphological changes in larvae were indicated by changes in color, texture, and damage to the digestive system. It was concluded that B. thuringiensis has the highest potential as an entomopathogenic agent compared to S. marcescens in causing mortality and morphological changes in Ae. aegypti larvae
Toxicity Test of Turmeric Extract on Wader Fish (Rasbora sp.) Embryogenesis Activity: Uji Toksisitas Ekstrak Kunyit terhadap Aktivitas Embriogenesis Ikan Wader (Rasbora sp.)
Full text linkTurmeric (Curcuma longa) is a medicinal plant containing active compounds, mainly curcumin, which may affect fish embryonic development, an essential stage for species survival. A previous study reported that exposure to chlorpyrifos affected the embryonic development of the wader pari fish Rasbora lateristriata, confirming its suitability as a local model for embryotoxicity testing. Based on this evidence, the present study evaluated the potential toxic effects of turmeric extract during the early stages of embryo development. Toxicity was assessed using turmeric extract concentrations of 50 ppm and 100 ppm in wader fish (Rasbora sp.). The methods included turmeric solution preparation, broodstock selection and spawning, egg collection, treatment grouping, and embryo observation at 0, 24, 48, and 72 hours. Observed parameters were pigmentation, mortality rate, and embryonic heart rate. The results showed that turmeric extract at both 50 ppm and 100 ppm exhibited toxic effects on Rasbora sp. embryos, especially on pigmentation. Higher curcumin concentrations were associated with lower pigmentation levels. Embryo mortality reached 11.1% at 50 ppm and 5.56% at 100 ppm, caused by embryotoxic effects that disrupted embryonic development and induced egg coagulation. Heart rate was slightly lower than the control group, indicating curcumin’s influence on cardiac activity and cellular signaling pathways
The Effectiveness of Nigrospora sp. and Penicillium sp. As Entomopathogenic Fungi Against in Bactrocera sp.
Full text linkPest attacks caused by fruit flies (Bactrocera sp.) can cause damage to fruit quality. Damage can become more severe due to secondary infection by bacteria or fungi which can cause fruit to rot. This research was conducted to determine the effectiveness and morphological changes caused by the fungus Nigrospora sp. and Penicillium sp. on the mortality of Bactrocera sp. This research was conducted using a Randomized Block Design (RBD) with two factors: the type of entomopathogenic fungi and the density of spores. Entomopathogenic fungi isolates were obtained from the isolation of entomopathogenic fungi from fruit flies (Bactrocera sp.) from previous studies. The spore density used for each fungus was 105, 106, and 107 spores/mL. Each treatment unit used 5 Bactrocera sp. adults with 3 repetitions. In the isolates of Nigrospora sp. they have resulted in mortality at a spore density of 105 spores/mL of 86%, a density of 106 spores/mL of 93%, and a density of 107 spores/mL of 100%. In the isolates of Penicillium sp. all treatments resulted in 100% mortality
Activity of Cellulolytic Bacteria Origin From Sediment of Mangrove Forest Ecotourism Pesawaran Lampung
No full textCellulolytic bacteria can hydrolyze substrates containing cellulose such as mangrove litter trapped in mangrove sediment by producing cellulase enzymes to break down cellulose into simpler compounds. The purpose of this study is to obtain bacterial isolates from mangrove sediment that have the ability to produce cellulase enzymes and to determine the activity of the cellulase enzymes they produce in degrading cellulose substrates. The methods used in this study include isolation of cellulolytic bacteria from mangrove sediments, qualitative enzyme activity test, standard curve of bacterial growth, bacterial growth curve for 24 hours, standard glucose curve, and quantitative enzyme activity test using a spectrophotometer. From the isolation results obtained 18 candidate cellulolytic bacteria with different macroscopic and microscopic characteristics. Based on the results of the qualitative enzyme test for 4 days on Zobell media added with 0.5% CMC, enzyme activity index was obtained from 5 isolates. The highest activity index of isolate M2 was on day 3 that was 1.96, isolate M3 had the highest activity index on day 4 that was 4.29, isolate M4 was 2.02 on day 4, isolate M6 was 4.39 on day 4, and isolate M13 was 3.87 on day 4. Furthermore, 3 potential iso-lates were selected based on the highest average index of enzyme activity for quantitative tests. The quantitative test results from the crude extract of the cellulase enzyme for 7 days on 0.5% CMC substrate showed that the highest hydrolysis activity occurred on day 5 by isolate M6, that was 0.151 U/mL. The other two cellulolytic isolates, isolate M3 and isolate M13, had the highest cellulose hydrolysis activity, 0.129 U/mL and 0.137 U/mL