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Utilization of dental services among 10-18 year old boys in Lahore
No full textBackground & Objectives: Timely detection and treatment is a paramount factor towards controlling the incidence and spread of oral diseases in any given population. Pakistani population suffers from a serious lack of awareness regarding the importance of routine dental checkups, especially amongst teenagers. The aim of this study was to assess the use of dental services by 10 to 18 year old boys.
Methods: The present study presents data regarding the use of dental services by male students between the ages of 10-18, attending Garrison public schools located in the Cantonment area of Lahore, Pakistan.
Results: The use of dental services was divided into four subcategories (0-6 months, 7-12 months, once in 2 years and never went to the dentist). The total number of students were 3,799 and the average age for the sample was 12.26 = 1.73 years. The study shows that only 9.3% (354) students went to the dentist in past six months. It is also evident from the study that 71% (2,697) students never visited the dentist.
Conclusion: Fear and constant hesitation from seeking timely dental care eventually results in development of serious oral and dental health issues. This fact calls for introduction of educational programs bringing forth a change in mind set and alleviating the fear of dental care from young minds to ensure adequate oral and dental health amongst young population
A case report of TRAP Sequence with Preeclampsia and Review of Literature
No full textWe are reporting a case of the Twin Reversed-Arterial Perfusion (TRAP) sequence, specifically highlighting the autopsy findings of an acardiac twin and the histopathological findings in its placenta. The TRAPsequence or acardiac twining, is an uncommon congenital anomaly involving a grossly abnormal acardiac twin and an otherwise normal pump twin. Thiscomplex congenital anomaly is unique to monochorionicmonozygotic twin gestations. It requires an artery-to-artery(A-A) anastomosis leading to reversal of arterial perfusion with complex pathophysiology. A 19 year-oldgirl delivered twins by C-section at 31 weeks because of preeclampsia and non-reassuring fetal heart tracings. One was a preterm female; the other was an acardiac twin. This is perhaps the first case report of autopsy findings of an acardiac twin pregnancy associated with preeclampsia
Significance of Feedback Analysis in Undergraduate Gross Anatomy Teaching
No full textBackground& Objectives: Gross anatomy teaching is fundamental in the future learning of clinical subjects in undergraduate medical courses. Students are the most important stakeholders in this process of teaching and learning, so their constant feedback evaluation is essential to construct a comprehensive, clinically oriented, composite gross anatomy curriculum. The present study was carried out to assess and evaluate students' feedback regarding gross anatomy teaching/assessment in CMH Medical College Lahore.
Study design: Cross sectional, descriptive studies
Place & duration of study: Conducted in the Anatomy department of CMH Lahore Medical College.
Methods: Present study was based on the observation and analysis of a feedback data. A total of 150 medical students of the first year MBBS class took part in this study. A feedback opinion form was distributed amongst them during the active session. The form comprised of 16 questions, based on the subject matter, instructional methodology, standard of teaching, teaching instruments, modes of assessment used, and students' suggestions for improvement in the current state of gross anatomy teaching.
Results: Although majority (77%) of the students showed interest in the subject and were satisfied with the subject matter, methodology and tools of teaching but a quite reasonable (23%) number of students suggested that audiovisual aids and innovative tools should have been used more. Moreover, they wanted more CBL sessions and clinical visits.
Conclusion: The traditional teaching tools are becoming less affective as well as the new student of modern age becomes more challenging to handle, modification in the courses and redesigning the teaching tools is the need of the hour for an efficacious, balanced gross anatomy course. As there is always a room for improvement, a constant system of feedback analysis can make teaching-learning more conducive to our learning outcomes as well as more fun for students
Role of Cassia angustifolia in the Treatment of COVID-19 - In Silico Activity of Emodin against SARS-CoV-2 Spike Protein
Get PDFBackground: Coronavirus epidemic has affected wide pulverization throughout the world. There is plenty of data and falsehood via online media with respect to medications and treatment for it. One of the viral advice nowadays is the use of Cassia Angustifolia (Senna Makki). Methodology: This was an in-silico study to evaluate the efficacy of phytoconstituents of Senna against viral spike protein. Results: After docking several phytoconstituents of Senna using AutoDock 4, Emodin was found to best bind with the viral spike protein. Conclusion: Emodin shows great binding capacity with the SARS-CoronaV-2 spike protein and it has feasible pharmacokinetic properties to be used as a drug. Thus, we can infer that Emodin might be helpful for the management of COVID-19. Additional studies and trials are required to assess their actions
Acute malnutrition and its determinants among children below 5 years of age using mid upper arm circumference (MUAC) in Lahore: a cross-sectional study
No full textABSTRACTObjectives: The study aimed to assess the nutritional status of children less than 5 years of age using mid upper arm circumference (MUAC) and its determinants.Materials & Methods: This analytical cross-sectional study was conducted in Akhter Saeed Teaching Hospital Lahore and Lady Wallington Hospital Lahore from April 2019 till Oct 2019. Using systematic random sampling technique, 225 children were included in the study. A self -structured questionnaire was used to record sociodemographic details and feeding practices. A non-stretch tape measure was used for measurement of (MUAC). Malnutrition was categorized into severe acute malnutrition (MUAC; <115mm) and moderate acute malnutrition (MUAC; 115mm-124mm). MUAC ranging from 125-135 signified that child is at risk of developing malnutrition while MUAC more than135mm was considered as normal. Data were entered and analyzed using SPSS Version 22. Chi square test was applied to determine the association between the variables. p-value ≤ 0.05 was considered significant.Results: The mean age of children is 2.43± 0.75 years. Malnutrition was observed in 54.6% study participants. Severe acute malnutrition (SAM) was found in 59 (26.2%) children and moderate acute malnutrition (MAM) was found in 64 (28.4%). The no of children at the risk of developing malnutrition was 32 (14.2%) while remaining 70 (31.1%) were well nourished. The percentage of severe malnutrition was more in female children as 27% had MUAC less than 115 mm. Delayed initiation of breast feeding (p value=0.008), having poor economic status (p value= 0.004), incomplete immunization status (p value= 0.003), poor appetite (p value= 0.001) and frequent episodes of illness (p value= <0.001) were significantly associated with malnutrition. Conclusion: Prevalence of malnutrition in children less than 5 years of age is high in Lahore. Female children were more likely to become malnourished rather than males. Delayed initiation of breast feeding, having poor economic status, incomplete immunization status, poor appetite and frequent episodes of illness were significantly associated with malnutrition
Nikolsky’s Sign: A Commentary on its Clinical Significance
Get PDFNikolsky’s sign is a clinical dermatological maneuver that dates back more than 2 centuries ago and is named after Pyotr Nikolsky (1858-1940). It has served as a very important diagnostic tool, being pathognomonic for diseases such as pemphigus vulgaris, toxic epidermal necrolysis, and staphylococcal scalded skin syndrome. Nikolsky’s sign, however, suffers from a lack of standardization, especially with regards to the method used to elicit the sign. This reduces its standard to be more qualitative than quantitative. Although Nikolsky’s sign has a high specificity, it has only a moderate sensitivity of 38% for the diagnosis of Pemphigus Vulgaris. The role of Microscopic Nikolsky’s sign has also been discussed as being a better metric than Nikolsky’s sign in the diagnosis of PV. In this paper, we discuss the clinical significance of Nikolsky’s sign, and the requirement for alternative techniques and manoeuvres
Can Distal Radial Fractures be Primarily Immobilized in Circumferential Plaster Cast?
No full textoai:ojs2.localhost:article/3Objective: To assess whether primary immobilisation in a full circumferential plaster cast after reduction of a distal radius fracture is associated with a higher neurovascular complication rate.
Study design: Descriptive analytical study
Methods: All consecutive patients with distal radius fractures needing manipulation and primarily treated with a full plaster cast were analysed for fracture type, complications and final outcome. A questionnaire survey on the telephone was also done of the local hospitals of Punjab to see the trend of the treatment of such fractures in their emergency departments.
Results: Out of 357 patients, 89.7% (n=320) had no complications, 10% (n=36) patients had swelling of the fingers and 0.3% (n=1) complained of symptoms associated with median nerve compression. In all these cases, their symptoms were relieved by simply splitting the cast longitudinally down to the skin.
Conclusion: This study shows that a full plaster cast can be safely applied after manipulation of distal radius fracture. A few patients may need splitting of the cast in the event of finger swelling
A Comparison of Lubricated and Non-lubricated Elastomeric Separators
No full textObjective: To compare lubricated and non-lubricated elastomeric separators in terms of time taken for insertion between contact points, type of contact points encountered and force applied during insertion.
Place of Study: Institute of Dentistry, CMH Lahore Medical College, Lahore
Methodology: Forty patients willing to undergo fixed orthodontic treatment were selected for the study. Elastomeric separators divided into two groups were inserted in molar region. In group A, non-lubricated separators were passed between 106 contact point while in group B, Vaseline lubricated elastics were passed between equal number of contact points. Time taken for insertion of separators, type of force required and type of contact points encountered was noticed. Descriptive statistics were used to evaluate mean and standard deviation of time and age distribution of sample while frequency of force and contact points were also noted. One Way ANOVA was used to analyze time difference and force application across four different contact points in both Vaseline and non-Vaseline group.
Results: The mean time taken for Vaseline lubricated group was 4.76 seconds while in non-lubricated elastics, it was 7.33 seconds. Non Vaseline group encountered 13 % more tight contact points than Vaseline group. One-way ANOVA revealed that there was statistically significant difference between lubricated and non-lubricated separators in terms of time taken for insertion, force required for insertion and types of contact points encountered.
Conclusion: Vaseline lubricated separators take less time to insert and also lesser force was required to insert them. More time and force is required if the contact points are tight as compared to open contact points
Role of Vitamin D in Preventing Relapse and maintaining Remission in Patients with Ulcerative Colitis - A Case Control Study
No full textBackground & Objectives: Ulcerative colitis (UC) affects the mucosa of the rectum and the colon, and is characterized by flares and remission. It is observed that defect of proliferation of T-lymphocytes is the causative factor of ulcerative colitis. Vitamin D appears to play an important role in decreasing the incidence of active UC. The study was undertaken to determine the effect of Vit.D in patients with ulcerative colitis (UC).
Place & Duration of Study: This study was conducted from January 2014 to January 2016 in Mayo Hospital, Lahore, Pakistan.
Methodology: Data was collected from patients suffering from UC who visited the surgical out-patient department and/or were admitted to the surgical floor. A total of 84 patients within the age range of 18-70 years and divided into two equal groups of 42 were included in the study. The control group was given standardized treatment of ulcerative colitis according to severity of disease as measured by Truelove and Witt's criteria. The intervention group was given an additional dose of Vitamin D along with primary disease treatment.
Results: It was seen that patients in the intervention group showed significant remission and a decrease in the frequency of relapses.
Conclusion: Our study supports the hypothesis that vitamin D supplementation helps to achieve significant remission and reduce relapse in patients suffering with active ulcerative colitis
Genome Wide Association Studies (GWAS) Analysis and Advances in Medical Research
Get PDFGenome-wide association study (GWAS) is an observational study of a genome-wide set of genetic variants in different individuals to see if any variant is associated with a trait. GWA studies typically focus on associations between single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) and traits like major human diseases but can equally be applied to any other genetic variants and any other organisms. When applied to human data, GWA studies compare the DNA of participants having varying phenotypes for a particular trait or disease. These participants may be people with a disease (cases) and similar people without the disease (controls), or they may be people with different phenotypes for a particular trait, for example, blood pressure. This approach is known as phenotype first, in which the participants are classified first by their clinical manifestation(s), as opposed to genotype-first. Each person gives a sample of DNA, from which millions of genetic variants are read using SNP arrays. If one type of variant (one allele) is more frequent in people with the disease, the variant is said to be associated with the disease. The associated SNPs are then considered to mark a region of the human genome that may influence the risk of disease