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Gender Differences in Perceived Stress and Mental Health
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Objective: To investigate the gender differences in perceived stress and mental health in medical students of Lahore, Pakistan. Methodology: The current study was cross-sectional in nature conducted at two private medical colleges in Lahore. Data was collected using stratified random sampling. Sample size was 300 (150 males & 150 females) students selected from all five years of two medical colleges. For assessment purpose Demographic form, Perceived Stress Scale for Medical Students (PSSMS) for stress assessmentand Depression Anxiety Stress Scale (DASS-21) for mental health evaluation were used.Results: For statistical analysis descriptive statistics was used for demographics details and from inferential statistics t-test was used for a clear picture of gender differences in perceived stress and mental health issues. Results revealed that in PSSMS scale only one subscale of burnout showed significant differences (p=.001) which revealed that males were more burnout than females. Significant gender differences were found for DASS Total (p=.007), and its subscale of Stress (p=.000), and Depression (p=.004). Conclusion: Our findings revealed that females demonstrate high level of stress, depression and on the whole more mental health issues than their male counterparts. On the other hand in Perceived Stress Scale for Medical Students (PSSMS) there were no significant differences in dimensions of social stressors, academic stressors and mistrust. Burnout was only one dimension in which male showed high burnout than female students. Gender appeared to influence the mental health of students
Impact of Academic Procrastination on Self-esteem among Dental and Medical Undergraduate Students
Get PDFObjective: The purpose of current study was to investigate the prevalence of academic procrastination among medical and dental students and examine the relationship between academic procrastination and self-esteem status in this populationT.
Study setting and duration: A cross-sectional study was conducted among 312 medical and dental undergraduates in Army Medical College Rawalpindi and Armed Forces Institute of Dentistry Rawalpindi from February 2022 to April 2022.
Methodology: This cross-sectional study was conducted on 312 students of Army Medical College Rawalpindi. Data were collected through questionnaire using the Rosenberg self-esteem scale and the Procrastination Assessment Scale-Student (PASS).The data collected were analyzed using SPSS software version 24.0.Descriptive tests, t-test, ANOVA, and Pearson’s correlation test were performed.
Results: The results indicated that a weak positive correlation (r = 0.022, P < 0.64) existed between academic procrastination scores and self-esteem scores. The mean difference of self-esteem scores (p=0.59) and academic procrastination scores (p=0.75) among males and females does not prove to be significant. The mean self-esteem score of the MBBS students was higher than BDS students. Similarly, the mean academic procrastination score of BDS students was higher than MBBS students.
Conclusion:The current study concluded that academic procrastination leads to low self-esteem among undergraduate students
Efficacy of Phytochemicals of Cassia Angustifolia in Chronic Myeloid Leukaemia – An In-silico Analysis
Get PDFObjective: To discover the compounds of Cassia having activity against the BCR-ABL fusion protein involved in the pathogenesis of CML and to compare it with previously developed inhibitor, nilotinib using in-silico molecular docking.
Methodology: The 3D structure of Human BCR-ABL fusion protein was obtained from PDB (RSCB). The SMILES and Chemical Structures of the ligands were obtained from PubChem. They were prepared in Mol SDF format by the Chem Bio Draw and then converted to PDBQT format using PyRx tool for generating the atomic coordinates for molecular docking. Molecular docking of Nilotinib, Quercimeritin, and Scutellarein with Human ABL Kinase was performed using Autodock4. The ADMET properties were described using Swiss ADME, a web-based tool.
Results: All the three compounds under study bind and make stable complexes with wild-type BCR ABL with the global energies of -12.46, -16.17kCal/mol and -15.41kCal/mol for Nilotinib Scutellarein and Quercimeritin respectively which means that these compounds can act as selective inhibitors of BCR-ABL fusion protein. Quercimeritin, also form Hydrogen bonds with GLU 286 and Asp 381,
Conclusion: The binding energies of the phytochemicals of Cassia are higher in comparison with Nilotinib which has a binding energy of -12.46kCal/mol which suggests a better inhibitory potential of these compounds. Quercimeritin also forms Hydrogen bonds with Glutamine 286 and Aspartate 381, hence its potential to be a potent inhibitor of the BCR- ABL fusion protein is more promising Nilotinib. Further in vitro and in vivo studies are suggested to elaborate the anti-neoplastic potential of Quercimeritin in CML
Awareness of Breast Cancer Risk Factors and Breast Self-Examination amongst Rural Women of Pakistan
Get PDFAbstractObjective: To assess the awareness of major risk factors of breast cancer and understanding andpractice related to breast self-examination among rural women of Pakistan.Methodology: 396 rural women were enrolled for this cross-sectional study from the catchment ruralareas of district Gujranwala between 15th September 2022 to 30th December 2022. A self-structuredand valid questionnaire was used to gather information regarding practice and knowledge related tobreast self-examination (BSE) and breast cancer risk factors. In this analysis, Statistical Package forSocial Sciences (SPSS) version 20 was used to analyse the data at a 95% confidence interval.Results: Average age of 396 rural women was 32.96±11.74 years and 25.25% of females were unawareof breast cancer. Only three out of fifteen risk factors were known by 1/3 of the participant which werefamily history of breast cancer, obesity and lack of breastfeeding. Out of the total population, themajority (84%) had no idea about breast self-examination (BSE) whereas only 16% know about theprocess of BSE.Conclusion: Most rural women were aware of breast cancer however the awareness level was low forthe associated risk factors. More importantly, despite being aware of breast cancer the vast majority(84%) had no knowledge or training of BSE.Keywords: Breast self-examination, risk factors, breast cancer
Comparison of Oral Progesterone with Oral Progesterone plus Inj. HCG for the Management of Threatened Miscarriage
No full textBackground& Objectives: To compare the efficacy of progesterone alone versus progesterone plus human chorionic gonadotropin for management of threatened miscarriage.
Study design: Randomized controlled trial
Place & duration of study: The study was carried out in department of Obstetrics & Gynecology, CMH Lahore for six months from 12" July 2018 to 12th Jan 2019.
Methods: One hundred females with threatened miscarriage fulfilling inclusion criteria were divided in two groups. In group A, 50 females were given progesterone in oral tablet form plus human chorionic gonadotropin (hCG) as intra-muscular injection, while in group B, 50 females were given (oral only) progesterone till 14 weeks. Females were followed up in OPD on weekly basis till 14 weeks of gestation and efficacy of treatment was compared. Efficacy was defined as successful treatment leading to continuity of pregnancy to second trimester (14 weeks of pregnancy) with no vaginal bleeding and no abdominal discomfort/pain.
Results: The mean age of females in group A and B was 24.10 +3.21 and 26.63 +6.05 years, respectively. The mean gestational age, BMI and parity of females in group A and B were 10.01+2.84 vs 10.98+1.52 weeks, 25.10 + 4.43 Kg/m2 vs 27.95 + 3.61 Kg/m2 and 3.01+0.84 vs 1.98+1.24, respectively. Efficacy was 86% with progesterone plus hCG and 42% with progesterone alone for management of threatened miscarriage and it differs significantly among two groups (P<0.05).
Conclusion: Progesterone plus hCG is more effective than progesterone alone for management of threatened miscarriage
Survey of Fasting Blood Glucose levels in New Medical College Entrants of CMH LMC and IOD
No full textBackground & Objectives: Our objective was to measure the fasting blood sugar level (BSL) in new college entrants of CMH Lahore Medical College and Institute of Dentistry (CMHLMC&IOD), and to compare if fasting BSL is affected by positive family history of Diabetes Mellitus (DM).
Study Design: Observational cross-sectional study.
Place & Duration of Study: This study was carried out in CMHLMC&IOD from January,2018 to August, 2018.
Methods: Non-probability convenient sampling was used to collect data from 67 medical students (MBBS and BDS) after informed consent. The data was enteredand analyzed using SPSS 20.
Results: A total of 67 students were included in the study with mean age of 20.13 + 1.22 years with 44 females and 23 males. The mean fasting BSL was 92.56 10.24 mg/dl. For students with positive family history of DM, mean fasting BSL was 94.10=9.11 and for those with no family history of DM, mean fasting BSL was 90.55 +11.40 mg/dl.
Conclusion: Our study concluded that the mean fasting BSL of students with family history of DM was slightlyhigher as compared to those with no family history of DM but remained statistically insignificant at this sample size
Management of Osteroarticuler Infection by Different Treatment Options
No full textBackground & Objectives: Osteo-articular infections (OI) are a common problem and challenging for Orthopedic Surgeons. The consequences can be local manifestations to a systemic infection or limb loss. Accurate diagnosis is necessary for good treatment and control the drastic consequences. Conventional treatment may require antibiotics for prolonged duration according to culture and sensitivity. Our study objective was to determine osteo-articular infection and the effectiveness of treatment modalities.
Place & duration of study: This study was a case series done at the Department of Orthopedic Surgery KEMU/Mayo Hospital, Lahore from December 2010 to March 2013.
Methods: We included 200 hemodynamically stable patients 18 to 55 years of age of either gender with osteo-articular infection. They were diagnosed on history, clinical examination both local and systemic, previous treatment, previous surgical procedure and baseline included CBC, ESR, CRP, LFT's with albumin, globulin, RFT's, blood sugar random, affected joint radiographs, pus & soft tissue culture sensitivity, CT scan and MRI. We managed all patients both medically and surgically who presented with infection of bone and joint due to trauma, hospital acquired infection or due to hematogenous spread. We followed patients in out-patient department for six months and observed the post-operative treatment outcomes.
Results: Out of the total 200 patients, majority 172 (86%) were male and 28 (14%) were female. Lower limb infection was observed in 128 (64%) patients, while 46 (23%) patients had upper limb infection, and 27 (13.5%) patients had septic arthritis of lower limb. Treatment outcomes were observed and there were excellent outcomes in 31 (15.5%) patients, good in 56 (28%), fair in 69 (34.5%) and poor in 43 (21.5%) patients.
Conclusion: Staphylococcus aureus is the most common causative organism of osteoarticular infection. Males are predominantly affected. Antibiotic regime for 03 weeks according to culture and sensitivity is the most effective treatment in conjunction with surgical wound debridement, curettage, arthrotomy, sequestrectomy and exchange of infected prosthesis show favourable outcomes
Post Placental intrauterine contraceptive device (PPIUCD): Women's experience at Combined Military Hospital Lahore
No full textBackground& Objectives: The objective of this study was to evaluate post placental intrauterine contraceptive device (PPIUCD) in terms of awareness, acceptance, and expulsion in women.
Place & duration of study: It was a prospective longitudinal study, conducted at Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Combined Military Hospital Lahore over a period of six months.
Methods: All patients visiting antenatal clinic or labor room in early labor were counselled for insertion of Cu T-380A after vaginal delivery or at lower caesarean section. A total number of 232 women were included in the study after informed consent. Women with ruptured membranes for more than 18 hours,antepartum , postpartum hemorrhage, and evidence of chorioamnionitis were excluded from study.All the collected data was entered and analyzed through SPSS version 20.
Results: Total number of deliveries were 1814 and acceptance rate is 12.8%.Only 4.5% of patients were aware about PPIUCD insertion. Maximum patients were between 25-29 years of age(36.6%).Patients with two children have highest acceptance rate of 32.8%. At six week postpartum,the expulsion rate is 1.9% while 3.3% of patients have missing strings which were coiled up in the uterus. The discontinunation rate is 6.5% (15),the reason being irregular vaginal bleeding in 3.5% cases, infection in 1.3% cases and other causes in 1.7%. The patients willing to continue PPIUCD were 93.5%.
Conclusion: Insertion of IUCD in immediate postpartum period is an acceptable ,effective, safe and convenient contraceptive intervention in both caesarean section and vaginal deliveries
Frequency of Normal Low Density Lipoprotein Level in Stroke Patients
Get PDFBackground: Stroke remains a major cause of death and the main cause of severe disability. Various risk factors for stroke include LDL levels. The paradox of a high stroke incidence in populations with low serum cholesterol has been reported in population-based studies. But not much work has been done in this regard. Moreover, there is no local study found in the literature. So, we conducted this study. The objective of this study was to assess the frequency of normal LDL levels in patients presenting with stroke. Methodology: A cross-sectional study was conducted in the Department of Medicine, Services Hospital, Lahore for six months from June to December 2018. A total of 385 cases were included in the study from emergency after written consent and blood sample were obtained in a 3cc syringe. All samples were sent to the laboratory of the hospital for assessment of LDL level. Reports were assessed and normal LDL level was labelled if the level was in the normal range. All the information was collected on proforma. All the collected data were entered and analysed into SPSS version-21. Results: The patients mean age was 51.87+10.19 years. There were 247 (64.2%) males and 138 (35.8%) females. The mean BMI of patients was 28.95+6.71kg/m2. There were 65 (16.9%) patients who had a haemorrhagic stroke while 320 (83.1%) patients had an ischemic stroke. The history of smoking was positive in 108 (28.1%) cases. Whereas diabetes was positive in 127 (33.0%) cases. The mean serum LDL level of patients was 3.63+0.82mmol/L. There were 173 (44.9%) patients with normal LDL levels while among 212 (55.1%) patients, LDL level was high. Conclusion: The frequency of normal LDL level is almost as equal as deranged LDL level in patients of stroke and patients of ischemic stroke have less chances of normal LDL level than those with haemorrhagic stroke patients
Frequency of Autonomic Neuropathy in Type-1 Diabetes Mellitus Patients
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Objectives: To determine the frequency of diabetic autonomic neuropathy in type 1 diabetes mellitus.Methodology: This cross-sectional study was conducted at Medical Unit-IV, Services Institute ofMedical Sciences, Lahore. A total of 236 cases fulfilling the inclusion/exclusion criteria were enrolledfrom Medical OPD Services Institute of Medical Science, Lahore. Informed consent of the patientswas taken to include their data in the study. Detailed history for Diabetes Mellitus was taken. All thepatients were undergoing for evaluation of diabetic autonomic neuropathy. Presence/absence ofDAN was recorded. All this information was recorded.Results: In our study, frequency of diabetic autonomic neuropathy in type 1 diabetes mellitus wasrecorded in 17.80%(n=42) whereas 82.20%(n=194) had no findings of the morbidity.Conclusion: We conclude that the frequency of diabetic autonomic neuropathy in type 1 diabetesmellitus is not very high, but it varies according to diagnostic criteria and population, however,some-other studies in different health centers of our country is required