MedERA (E-Journal)
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Comparison of Single vs Multiple Doses of Antibiotic Prophylaxis in Reduction Post-Caesarean Section Infection Morbidity
Get PDFAbstractObjective: This study aimed to compare single vs multiple doses of antibiotic prophylaxis in patientsundergoing caesarean section to reduce morbidity linked with infection.Methodology: A quasi-experimental study was conducted in the Department of Obstetrics andGynaecology, Services Hospital, Lahore from 07-09-2019 to 06-03-2020 after approval from the ethicalreview committee. A total of 240 patients (120 in each group) were included in the study. Group Areceived a single dose of antibiotic prophylaxis and Group B was administered multiple doses ofprophylactic antibiotics.Results: Patients booked in the study had a mean age of 27.93±3.62 and 28.80±3.54 years in group-Aand B, respectively. In group A, the mean gestational age was 39.21±0.70 and in group B, 39.27±0.69weeks. In group A, 9 patients (7.5%) and in group B, 11 patients (9.2%) were primigravida while 111patients (92.5%) in group A and 109 patients (90.8%) in group B were multigravida. Febrile morbiditywas found in 8 patients (6.7%) in group-A and 6 patients (5.0%) in group B. (p=0.582). Postoperativewound infection was observed in 11 patients (9.2%) of the group and 8 patients (6.7%) of group B(p=0.473).Conclusion: The study concluded that there was no statistically significant difference between thetwo groups, single and multiple doses, in terms of their effectiveness in reducing infections after aCaesarean section.Keywords: Elective caesarean section, Febrile morbidity, postoperative wound infection
Incidence of Dry Eyes Amongst The Computer Users
No full textObjective: The Study was aimed at finding the incidence and prevention of computers vision syndrome(CVS) particularly “dry eye” in regular computer users.
Study design: Observational, cross-sectional study
Place and duration of study: It was conducted at Combined Military hospital Lahore, from Dec 2014 to Nov 2015.
Methodology: A "questionnaire proforma" was prepared and distributed to the willing candidates. It was based on symptoms of dry eye, sensitivity of eyes to various environmental conditions, history of medications contributing to dry eye, working hours on computers etc. The visual effects of various display characteristics such as lighting, glare, display quality, refresh rates, and radiation are also briefly discussed.
Results: Out of 290 regular computer users, 88 (30.3%) were found to have dry eye problem. Conclusion Although the computers vision syndrome is associated with a variety of ocular symptoms related to computer use including eyestrain, tired eyes, irritation, redness, blurred/double vision, headache and shoulder pain, this article was primarily focused on "dry eye" the major contributor to computer vision syndrome symptoms. Management requires a multidirectional approach combining ocular therapy with adjustment of the workstation.
Conclusion: Proper lighting, anti-glare filters, ergonomic positioning of computer monitor and regular work breaks may help improve visual comfort. Lubricating eye drops and special computer glasses help relieve ocular surface-related symptoms. A lot more work needs to be done to specifically define the processes that cause dry eye in computer vision syndrome and to develop and improve effective treatments that successfully address these causes
Perception and Practice of Using Energy Drinks by Medical Students of Private Medical College
No full textObjective: To determine pattern, frequency and reasons behind usage of energy drinks among medical students of Pakistan. Study design: Descriptive study. Place and duration of the study: From August 2015 to January 2016 at Combined Military Hospital, Lahore.Methodology: The study was cross sectional. Research questionnaires were distributed among and filled by 350 medical students. All the data was analyzed by using SPSS 23.The research factors and responses were correlated. Results: Of the 350 medical students, there were 186(53.1%) males and 164(46.8%) females: 124(35%) considered themselves regular users of energy drinks. The most common brand consumed was "sting" by 52.4%(65) users, followed by red bull used by 35.4%(44) of the users. Of 350 students,124(35.4%) thought that energy drinks helped to stay awake longer, 88(25%) couldn't give any response regarding their perception since they didn't consider themselves active energy drink users and 62(17%) thought energy drinks decreased tiredness. Conclusion: Majority of the medical students do not consume energy drinks. Among consumers, Sting is the most popular energy drink and the dominant perception and reasoning for energy drink consumption are the need for increased wakefulness and decreased tiredness
A Case Report of Dynamic MR Imaging of Cerebral Fat Embolism
No full textCerebral fat embolism (CFE) is highly associated with long bone fractures however incidence is low. Imaging features show spectrum of findings. A 23-year-old male was admitted with right femur fracture in a road traffic accident. Surgically operated patient developed deteriorating confusion and altered sensorium. Subsequent MRI of the brain showed innumerable punctate hyperintense lesions on T2- and T2weighted, FLAIR and restricted diffusion on DW consistent with "starfield" pattern. After 27days hospital stay with supportive therapy patient regained complete neurological function and was discharged home. Diagnosis of CFE remains a challenge because of its various presentations, reversibility and distribution of the brain lesions. MR imaging of the brain by using T2-weighted, (FLAIR), diffusion weighted, and susceptibility-weighted imaging has been applied to CFE and has improved the ability to make an early diagnosis
Alignmen of Teeth by Driftodontics: A Case Report
Get PDFPhysiological tooth movement or driftodontics of teeth in extraction space decrease the amount of mechanotherapy during clinical orthodontics. This is especially helpful in young patients with anterior mandibular crowding. We present a case of 13-year-old girl with severe crowding in the lower arch and moderate crowding in the upper arch. Anterior crowding in mandibular arch was relieved by driftodontics after extraction of first premolars and placement of lingual arch to prevent molar mesialization
The Role of Mitomycin C on Preventing Recurrence in Primary Pterygium Surgery When Administered Intraoperatively
No full textObjective: To assess the safety and efficacy of 0.04% MMC in reducing the rate of pterygium recurrence in primary pterygium surgery.
Study Design: Interventional, randomized, prospective, placebo-controlled trials.
Place and Duration of Study: Our first study period spanned from February 1996 to December 1998 at Eye Department, Combined Military Hospital - Kharian Cantt and the second from October 2013 to November 2015 at Eye Department, Combined Military Hospital- Lahore Cantt.
Methodology: In our study, 0.04% MMC was applied during surgery and comprised of 150 eyes of 116 patients.
Results: Recurrence was seen in 33 eyes (44%) in the control group and only 7 eyes (9.3%) in the MMC treated group, showing a drastic improvement in the latter (p<0.05). Recurrence started after 5.63 +1.90 months in the control group and 9.21 +3.67 months in the MMC treated group (p<0.05) showing statistically significant difference between the two groups.
Conclusion: MMC 0.04% is a useful adjunct chemotherapy for prevention of pterygium recurrence in our study. MMC not only decreases the recurrence rate, but it also delays the onset of recurrence
Knowledge and Awareness of Dengue in Students of CMH Medical College and Dental College, Lahore
No full textObjective: We aimed to assess knowledge of medical students about dengue, its spread and prevention.
Study design: Cross sectional study
Place of Study: CMH Lahore Medical College, Lahore.
Methodology: Self administered questionnaires were randomly distributed among 200 students between 18-25 years of age from first to fifth year MBBS
Results: The result of our study showed that there was a good level of knowledge about dengue, its vector transmission and protection among the students. It was also seen that the knowledge of causative agent and mode of spread was almost equal among students from 1st year MBBS to 4th year MBBS. However, knowledge about its treatment and prevention was more among 3rd year and 4th year students due to their advanced knowledge through books. Students are using personal protective measures for dengue which is the basic step in its prevention.
Conclusion: Our cross sectional study has shown in general a very good level of awareness about dengue fever among medical students of CMH Lahore Medical College
Imposter Syndrome Among Medical Students of Private Medical College, Lahore, Pakistan
No full textObjective: The aim of this study is to determine the total prevalence, year of study-wise as well as the gender-wise distribution of Impostor Syndrome (IS) amongst the undergraduate medical students at CMH Lahore Medical College, using the eight-question questionnaire of the Young Impostor Scale (YIS).
Study design: The study was cross sectional and descriptive survey.
Place and duration of study: Conducted in CMH Lahore Medical College from January to April 2018.
Methods: A total of 260 students from five years of MBBS and from both genders were enrolled in the study. Non-probability convenient sampling technique was used. The Youngs Imposter Scale (YIS) was used as the questionnaire.
Results: A total of 79(30.4%) students were positive whilst 181(69.6%) were negative for imposter syndrome. Class-wise distribution shows Imposter syndrome to be most prevalent in students of 2nd year (9.2%) out of the 5 MBBS classes. Also, imposter syndrome is more prevalent in the female (38.8%) population than male (25.35%) and this difference is statistically significant (p=0.02
Impact of Covid-19 Pandemic in Pakistani Population
Get PDFAbstract
Objective: The objective of this study was to assess the impact of COVID-19 pandemic on the economic, social and mental health of families living in Lahore, Pakistan.
Methodology: A cross-sectional survey conducted for six months included total 200 participants filled a self-designed questionnaire through convenient sampling. The structured questionnaire collected information on socio-demographic profile and data on impact of COVID-19 on economic, social and mental status of residents of Lahore
Results: The mean age of the respondents was 42 + 10.281 in years. Nearly 50% of the participants were affected from stress. Most of the participants were stressed, living in nuclear families.
Conclusion: COVID-19 pandemic has strong impact on family income. Stress levels were raised especially among male respondents and discord in the family was highlighted. The participants engaged in private jobs were more stressed. Access to friends and families were restricted in this pandemic. Keywords: COVID-19, stress, mental health
A Comparison of manufacturer tolerance of different performed orthodontic arch wires
No full textObjective: To measure manufacturer tolerance of preformed rectangular orthodontic arch wires in terms of cross sectional, vertical and transverse dimensions.
Materials and Methods: One hundred and twenty preformed archwires were selected from six various brands in both stainless steel and nickel titanium. Transverse dimensions were measured at both intercanine and intermolar area by photocopying the wires and intra brand comparison was done by using portable USB microscope. Cross sectional dimensions were measured with micrometer while vertical discrepancy was measured at anterior and intermolar region with leaf gauges. One sample t test used to evaluate intra-brand tolerance in wires.
Results: Db orthodontics stainless steel wires were the most oversized while Dentaurum nickel titanium wires were the most undersized in terms of wires height. In terms of wire width, Ortho Organizers stainless steel wires were most oversized while Db orthodontics nickel titanium wires were the most under sized wires. Considering transverse dimension, intercanine width within a brand was found uniform while 3M stainless steel and Dentaurum nickel titanium wires showed statistically significant discrepancy at intermolar area in intrabrand comparison. Statistically significant vertical discrepancy at intermolar region was found in four out of six brands of stainless steel wires and only one brand of nickel titanium wires.
Conclusion: Preformed orthodontic wires can be oversized or undersized in cross sectional dimensions with vertical discrepancy mostly present in stainless steel wires. Manufacturer makes uniform intercanine width but intermolar width is usually expanded from the intended arch form