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Skeletal Traction Followed by Plaster of Paris vs Open Reduction and Internal Fixation – Comparison of the Functional and Radiological Outcome of the Two Treatment Modalities in Schatzker Type V and VI Tibial Fractures
Full text linkObjective: To compare the functional and radiological outcomes of Schatzker type V and VI tibialfractures for the two currently employed treatment modalities.Methodology: It was a quasi-experimental study conducted at Orthopedics department. Patientswere admitted through ER and OPD of Mayo hospital Lahore over a period of 1 year. Total 84 patientswere included in the study. Patients were divided into two groups. Patients in Group A weremanaged with skeletal traction for 2 weeks followed by plaster of Paris back splint applied for next 2weeks followed by plaster of Paris casting for stabilization of the fracture for another next 4 weeks.Patients in Group B were managed with ORIF by wires, screws or plates. Functional andRadiographic evaluations were performed to assess pain, range of motion weight bearing andfracture union in each follow-up visitResults: In this study functional outcome of patients was significantly better and higher in patientswho were treated with ORIF techniqueConclusion: ORIF is more effective for treating Schatzker type V and VI tibial fracture in terms offunctional and radiological outcome as that skeletal traction followed by plaster of Paris casting.Keywords: Skeletal Traction; ORIF; Schatzker type V; Schatzker type VI; Tibial Fractur
Satisfaction of Mothers on Accessibility to Basic Health Units in Rawalpindi: A Descriptive study
Full text linkObjective: To evaluate the satisfaction of mothers with Accessibility to Basic health units of Rawalpindi.
Methodology: A descriptive study was conducted at the basic health units of Rawalpindi over a period of six months, and participants were selected using multi-stage sampling to assess the mother's expectations, experiences, and satisfaction regarding accessibility to primary health care centers. The eligibility criteria included mothers who had been residing in the area for at least six months and visiting BHUs for maternal or child health care. A total 275 mothers participated, a structured questionnaire was by Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, focusing on key factors demographics, distance to BHUs, clinic timings, waiting time, availability of healthcare services, staff behavior, and quality of care. Responses were analyzed descriptively, with percentages summarizing the distribution of answers related to distance, working hours, waiting times, and access to medical care using SPSS version 23.
Results: The study revealed significant dissatisfaction among mothers regarding accessibility to Basic Health Units (BHUs). Only 2.18% strongly agreed that the distance to the health center was acceptable, while 52.00% disagreed. Similarly, just 1.09% found clinic working hours suitable, with 57.45% disagreeing. A majority, 55.64%, felt that waiting times were too long, and 38.55% disagreed that they had adequate access to medical care when needed. Overall, the dissatisfaction score for accessibility was 46%, highlighting critical areas for improvement in service delivery.
Conclusions: The findings indicate that mothers experience significant barriers to accessing healthcare services at Basic Health Units (BHUs). The low levels of satisfaction related to distance, clinic hours, and waiting times suggest that these factors adversely affect their overall healthcare experience.
Key Words: Patient satisfaction, accessibility, and primary healthcare center
Frequency of Musculoskeletal Discomforts and its Association with Various Breastfeeding Positions among Nursing Mothers
Full text linkObjective: To determine the association between musculoskeletal discomforts and breastfeeding positions among nursing mothers.Methodology: It was an analytical cross-sectional conducted from January 2023 to June 2023 at Imran Idrees Teaching Hospital and Idrees Hospital, Cantt Sialkot. The participants were selected using a convenient sampling technique. All 232 participants were recruited after the informed consent who met the inclusion criteria for the study. A musculoskeletal discomfort form developed from the Nordic Musculoskeletal Questionnaire was used as an outcome measuring tool. The data were analyzed using SPSS version 22. Descriptive statistics and chi-square tests were used to analyze the data. Results: The mean age of participants is 28.91±4.10 years. The majority of the participants had 1 breastfeeding child N=181 (78.0%), postpartum duration 1-3 months N=86 (37.1%), with the frequency of breastfeeding 1-3 sessions/day N= 87(37.5%) respectively. Most nursing mothers had a caesarian section as their mode of delivery N=120 (51.7%) and cross-cradle hold was the most common breastfeeding position N=83 (35.8%) causing musculoskeletal discomfort among N=213 (91.8%) of participants. Chi-square showed a significant association for ache/pain and discomfort in the regions of shoulders, elbows, wrist/hands as (p=0.00); upper back (p=0.01) and neck (p=0.02) at significance level 0.05. For prevention scale regions of the neck (p=0.00), wrist/hand, low back (p=0.01)and trouble scale regions of the upper back (p=0.01), shoulder, wrist/hand (p=0.02) respectively. Conclusion: The Musculoskeletal discomforts were more pronounced in regions of the neck, shoulders, elbows, and wrists, upper/lower back with the breastfeeding positions among nursing mothers.Key Words: Breastfeeding positions, musculoskeletal pain, nursing mothers, postur
Association Between Scapular Dyskinesis and Forward Head Posture in Badminton Player: A Cross-Sectional Study
Full text linkAbstractObjective: To determine the association between scapular dyskinesis and forward head postureamong badminton players.Methodology: An analytical cross-sectional study was conducted recruiting 120 recreational badmintonplayers using non-probability convenience sampling. Badminton players of either gender, aged 18-35years with head-forward posture were participants in the study based on the predefined eligibilitycriteria after ethical approval. Scapular dyskinesis was measured using the Modified Lateral ScapularSlide test in three testing positions. The data was evaluated using SPSS version 26.0 and a chi-squaretest was implemented to find the association, and P≤0.05 was deemed significant.Results: In resting position, Scapular Dyskinesis was evident in 39.2% of badminton players while itwas 65% and 54.2% evident respectively in dynamic hands-on-hip position and scapular plane withone kg weight in both hands. In addition, out of 120 players the prevalence of moderate forward headposture was greater as compared to the mild and severe forward head posture. Scapular dyskinesiswas significant in hands on hip and with one kg weight in hands position (p≤0.05).Conclusion: It was found that badminton players with forward head posture had significantlydifferent scapular kinematics in dynamic scapular positions when compared to static scapular positions.Key Words: Scapular Dyskinesis, Forward Head Posture, Overhead Sports, Badminton Playe
Evaluation of Lumbar Spine on MRI in Young Adults presenting with Chronic Backaches
Full text linkObjective: This study aimed to establish a correlation between clinical symptoms and MRI findings in individuals with chronic back pain.Methodology: This Descriptive cross-sectional study was conducted over a period of four months after ethical approval in the Radiology department at a Tertiary Care Hospital in Lahore. Acohort of 135 young adults were assessed through a consecutive sampling method and underwent lumbar spine MRI examinations. Results: The pool of participants in the study encompassed 42.2% males and 57.8% females, aged between 18 and 40 years, with an average age of 31.5 years and a standard deviation of 6.06. There were four prominent MRI findings: Lumbar Spondylosis (46%, Disc Degeneration (25%, Disc Bulge (10%), and Disc Desiccation (9%). The study also found significant correlations between these findings and clinical characteristics, with Lumbar Spondylosis linked to lower limb numbness and mobility difficulties, and Disc Bulge correlated with pain duration.Conclusion: The findings underscore the effectiveness of MRI scans in identifying underlying causes of chronic back pain in young adults in Pakistan.Keywords: Lumber spondylosis, disc degeneration, disc bulge, Lower Limb Numbness, and Magnetic Resonance Imagi
Knowledge, Attitude, and Practice of Oral Health among The Local Population of Lahore
Full text linkObjective: To assess oral health-related awareness of knowledge, attitudes, and practices among the local population in Lahore. Methodology: A descriptive cross-sectional study was conducted over six months with a sample of 345 individuals (139 males, 206 females) using a convenience sampling technique. Aself-administeredquestionnaire comprised 17 questions divided into five parameters: self-perception, knowledge, attitudes, practices, and eating habits. Descriptive statistics were used to analyze the results.Results: The study revealed that most of the participants(46%) had satisfactory self-perception of oral health. The assessment of knowledge of oral health stated that 315 individuals(91.3%) were aware of the prevention of caries through teeth brushing. The practices of individuals showed that 238(69%) of them brushed their teeth twice a day. Atotal of 206(59.7%) participants used mouthwash as an additional oral cleaning aid. 189(54.8%) individuals consumed sweetened foods and drinks daily.Conclusion: The awareness related to oral health knowledge and attitude in the local population of Lahore was considered to be adequate. Individual practices however do not reflect this knowledge as unhealthy lifestyle still prevailed.Keywords: Attitude, Knowledge, Oral hygiene, Practic
Frequency of Chemotherapy-Induced Myalgia in Cancer Patients using The Visual Analogue Scale
Full text linkAbstractObjective: The aim of the study was to find the frequency of chemotherapy-induced myalgia inpatients with cancer in Lahore.Methodology: This cross-sectional study was conducted over a period of six months after ethicalapproval from February to July 2021. Using a non-probability convenient sampling technique,seventy eligible patients between 45-55 years of age with cancer were included in this study fromboth public and private hospital settings on the basis of predefined eligibility criteria. A self-structured questionnaire including a visual analogue pain scale was used for data collection. Datawas analyzed using SPSS version 21. The qualitative variables were presented with pie charts andquantitative variables are tabulated with frequencies and percentages.Results: Mean age±SD of participants was 53±6.9 years. Out of 70 participants, 90% were females. Thesignificant outcome variables included the presence of myalgia, painful girdle, intensity of pain(visual analogue scale), duration of treatment with the chemotherapy drug, dose of chemotherapydrug and chemotherapy sessions. Chemotherapy-induced myalgia was 94.3% among target cancerpatients in Lahore.Conclusion: In our study, chemotherapy-induced myalgia is alarmingly high in patients withcancers. The pain is mostly moderate in nature and affects the shoulder region. Measures should beadopted to mitigate the chemotherapy-induced myalgia as it adversely affects the patient's alreadydeteriorating quality of life.Keywords: Myalgia, Cancer, Cancer Pain, Palliative care, Chemotherapy
Frequency of Anxiety and Depression in Adult Cancer Patients: A cross-sectional study
No full textObjectives: To assess the frequency of depression and anxiety in adult cancer patients and find it's correlation with demographic factors and disease characteristics.
Study design: Cross-sectional study Place and Duration of Study: From January 2017 to June 2017 at CMH Lahore, Jinnah Hospital Lahore & Nishtar Hospital Multan.
Methods: This cross-sectional study was carried out in outpatient departments of CMH Lahore, Jinnah Hospital, Lahore and Nishtar Hospital, Multan. Aga Khan University Anxiety and Depression Scale (AKUADS) was used to assess the presence of depression and anxiety in study participants. The sample consisted of 197 diagnosed cancer patients.
Results: The mean age of cancer patients was 41.61 years (SD= 17.9). Overall, 49.7% of the cancer patients were found to have depression and anxiety using a cutoff score of 20 on AKUADS. Positive and significant correlation was found between age and anxiety and depression (r=0.25, p=0.001) and a statistically significant association was found between type of treatment and depression (p=0.030). Similarly, strong positive correlation was found between psychological disorder and depression (r=0.932, p=0.00) and that with somatic disorder (r=0.88, p=0.001) There was no statistically significant association found between gender, religion, education, income, illness duration and presence of anxiety and depression.
Conclusion: This study emphasizes on the high frequency of depression and anxiety in cancer patients. Older age, treatment with chemotherapy along with surgery and an advanced stage of cancer were associated with a greater chance of falling under the category of psychological morbidity. The findings are a validation for the necessity of investigating patients for symptoms of depression and anxiety for following the cancer care protocol. Therefore, appropriate psychiatric intervention should be maintained parallel to other treatment modalities
Helicobacter Pylori in Patients with Hepatitis C Virus
Full text linkAbstract
Objective: To determine the frequency and association of Helicobacter Pylori (H. Pylori) infection among patients infected with hepatitis C virus (HCV).
Methodology: The study was conducted in Services Institute of Medical Sciences, Lahore. A total of 200 cases fulfilling the inclusion/exclusion criteria were enrolled from Medical OPD Services Institute of Medical Science, Lahore. An informed consent of the patients was taken to include their data in the study. Detailed history for hepatitis C virus was taken. Blood samples were collected and sent to the hospital laboratory for evaluation of presence/absence of H. Pylori in the subjects of HCV.
Results: In this study, out of 200 subjects, 32%(n=64) aged 30-50 years while 68%(n=136) aged 51-80 years, and the mean S.D was calculated as 53.99+8.67 years. 54%(n=108) males and 46%(n=92) females were included. The frequency of H. Pylori in subjects with HCV was recorded in 37.5%(n=75) whereas 62.5%(n=125) had no findings of the morbidity.
Conclusion: The frequency of H. Pylori is higher in patients of Hepatitis C.
 
Peripheral Neuropathy among Patients with Diabetes Mellitus: Use of Douleur Neuropathic Questionnaire
Full text linkObjective: To find out the prevalence of diabetic peripheral neuropathy in patients with diabetes mellitus. Methodology: It was an observational study conducted on a sample of 150 subjects who were enrolled by a convenient random sampling technique. Patients with a history of diabetes for more than 5 years and of 30-85 years of age from both genders were included. Patients with a history of surgery, frozen shoulder psychological issues, and kidney problems were excluded. Data were collected from Allama Iqbal Memorial Hospital & Islam Central hospital, Sialkot using Douleur neuropathic DN 4 questionnaire, and questions about age, lifestyle, glucose level, hypoesthesia, and gender were added. Data were analyzed by SPSS 20. Results: Out of 150 patients with DM, 49 were males and 101 were females. Active lifestyle was found in 53.33% and 46.67% were physically inactive. Higher glucose levels were found in 53.33% of males and 46.67% of females. In 38 (25.3%) individual's upper limb was involved and in 112 (74.7%) lower limb was involved. Out of 150 subjects, 138 (92%) had a score above 4.0 and thus had peripheral neuropathy. A positive correlation between lifestyle and peripheral neuropathy was found by applying Pearson chi-square and the p-value was 0.000