Journal of Basic and Applied Research in Biomedicine
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Green Synthesis, Biological Evaluation of Novel Benzoxazole Derivatives
Get PDFBenzoxazole is one of the most important heterocyclic compound, having varied biological activities and still of great scientific interest now a days. They are widely found in bioorganic and medicinal chemistry with application in drug discovery. In the present study some novel benzoxazole derivatives were synthesized under green synthesis by microwave irradiation method by using Phenyliodoniumbis-trifluoroacetate (PIFA) in ethanol according to the scheme. All the synthesized benzoxazole derivatives have been characterized by using elemental analysis, FT-IR, 1HNMR, 13C NMR spectroscopy and further supported by Mass spectroscopy. Purity of all the compounds has been checked on thin layer chromatographic plate and HPLC technique. All the synthesized compounds were evaluated for antimicrobial activity by estimating the minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) by adopting serial dilution technique and analgesic activity was examined by using the hot-plate method. All the compounds exhibited moderate to significant antimicrobial and analgesic activitie
Kinetic Potentials of the Effect of Ethanol on Calcium Content of Ashed Palm Bunch (Elaeis guinensis)
Get PDFThe effect of ethanol on the calcium content of ashed palm bunch (Elaeis guineensis) was studied. The palm bunch residue was subjected to pre-treatment processes such as drying, grinding and ashing. The calcium content of the filtered extract of the ash was determined titrimetrically and a concentration of 73.33 mg/l of calcium was recorded. Kinetic studies were carried out on the mixture of local ethanol and the ash extract and the effect of ethanol on calcium concentration was monitored using titrimetric method at 10 minutes interval. The ethanol led to a gradual decrease in the concentration of calcium with increase in time, the rate constant value was 0.67 mgdm3min-1 and half life of 54.97 minutes. Analysis of the kinetic data showed that the reaction was zeroth order as it fitted into the zeroth order integrated rate law. The average pH of the reaction mixture was alkaline (10.57
Effects of Genotype, Environment and their Interaction on Quality Characteristics of Winter Bread Wheat
Get PDFGrain quality is a complex character that depends on a number of traits, and the individual contribution of each trait varies depending on specific reaction to environmental conditions. The objective of this study was to assess the effects of genotype, environmental, and genotype x environmental interaction on quality characteristic of 16 wheat genotypes as well as to analyse the relationships between quality traits. The results of two-way analysis of variance showed that the effect of genotype, environment and genotype x environment interaction were significant (p≤0.001) for the investigated physical characteristics of grain. The strongest individual influence for thousand kernel weight, test weight and vitreousness had genotype. The interaction genotype x environment had stronger influence on the variance for the crude protein (44.98%) and the lysine (34.93%) than genotype and environment effects. Sources of variation genotype and genotype x environment interaction (year) had almost the equal influence on the variance of wet gluten content and bread making strength index. Genotype demonstrated the strongest influence on the sedimentation value and dry gluten content. The genotype x environment interaction influenced in the largest rate on the variance of gluten weakness. Protein content showed significant positive correlation with wet gluten content (0.676), gluten weakness (0.646) and dry gluten content. Vitreousness correlated positively with sedimentation value (0.541) while the test weight significantly correlated with dry gluten content. The results of this study can be used as selection criteria to increase grain quality in bread wheat in the region
Preliminary Assessment of the Generative Potential of Crude Oil Samples From Three (3) Offshore Exploration Oil Wells in Nigeria
Get PDFOil generating potential of virgin crude oil samples procured from wells within the Southern part of Nigeria was employed in this study. The work aimed at characterizing the organic matter, determining the quality, analyzing the quality status as well as highlighting the source input for the purpose of deducing the hydrocarbon potential of the crude oil sample. The crude fractions were eluted using n-hexane for Saturated Hydrocarbons (SHC), methyl-benzene for Aromatic Hydrocarbons (AHC), benzene / ethyl acetate (3:1) for Vanadyl Porphyrins (VOP), dichloromethane / n-hexane (2:3) for Nikel Porphyrins and methanol / dichloromethane (2:1) for Nitrogen, Sulphur and Oxygen compounds (NSO). The Yorla oils had the lowest VOP / NIP ratios and NSO values which ranged from 0.1 – 0.8 with an average of 0.46 ± 0.20 and 0.1 – 0.3 with an average of 0.16 ± 0.1 respectively. This indicated that the Yorla oil was more matured and has a higher quality as compared to the Usari oils and Oloibiri oils which was slightly degraded. The Total Petroleum Hydrocarbon (TPH) of the samples was relatively high, this implies that the source rocks of the oils is Type 1 Kerogen and therefore, is oil prone. The very high values of the SHC/AHC ratios of the oil showed that the oils are not degraded and have high quality. It can be concluded that the sediments of the oils posses a hydrogen rich organic matter. The source rocks of the oils have the potentials to generate oil if given sufficient maturity time
Rain Height Distribution Over Some Stations in Tropical Nigeria Based on Trmm Precipitation Data
Get PDFTo be able to estimate appropriately the fade margin required for an optimum performance of earth-space communication links, some meteorological factors that must be considered includes among others: the annual average of the zero degree isotherm (ZDI) and the rain height. It is desirable to have information about these parameters at specific locations but only the ITU-R recommendation is used right now over Nigeria and the locations where specific information is not available. In this paper, two years of precipitation data (TRMM 2A23) from the Tropical Rain Measuring Mission (TRMM) satellite’s precipitation radar has been analyzed to establish the rain heights over some selected stations in the different geographical regions of Nigeria. The result gotten were compared with recommendation ITU-R P.839 and this showed that the value of rain height quoted by the ITU-R does not reflect the real values over these stations as these parameters are location dependent and so cannot be used to estimate the correct fade margins required for satellite communication. We have also compared the year – to – year variability of the rain height and observed only a slight variability over the two years studied
Effect of Wi-Fi Wave Frequency 2.4 GHz to Water Content, Fat and Protein of Chicken Egg Based on Electromagnetic Waves Barrier
Get PDFChicken Egg is one of the most food consumption in public because of it\u27s low price but high nutrition. In this research, chicken eggs placed 0,25 meter from wi-fi router and given electromagnetic waves barrier such as zinc and wood. The function of wi-fi router as radiating adder of wi-fi radio wave frequency 2,4 GHz. From the research,with the value of electromagnetic field is 18.24 ⨯ W/m, the highest reduction of water contect, fat dan protein is given from sample of chicken egg that placed 0.25 meter from wi-fi router without electromagnetic waves barrier. The value of reduction are 5.629 gram; 2.815 gram; 2.9 gram or 11.7%; 38.38%; 35.14%. Meanwhile, the sample of chicken eggs that placed 0.25 meter from wi-fi router and given electromagnetic waves barrier such as zink and wood, the higher reduction of water content, fat and protein is in wood. the value of water content, fat and protein are 3.0745 gram; 1.811 gram; 2.218 gram or 6.319%; 24.69%; 26.87%.
Correlation of Meteorological Parameters to Study the Climatic Conditions of Gombe State, Nigeria
Get PDFThis paper investigated the climatic change of Gombe State metropolis from 2004 to 2014. Data were collected from Gombe State meteoroligical center, Gombe State News Bulletin, and Meteorological unit of Gombe State International Airport. Correlaion was carried out between the meteorological parameters and the years. The data was organized and analysed using Spearson correlation coefficient and ANOVA ananlysis. The paper hereby suggests that the effect of climate change to humanity can be controlled or alleviated if concrete steps that are environmentally friendly are taken
Nursing Students’ Knowledge and Attitudes on Examination Anxiety in a Private University in Jordan
Get PDFThis study aimed to assess the knowledge and attitudes of nursing students regarding anxiety related to examination. Research methods: Descriptive cross-sectional study, which included 81 nursing students (male and female) in level five, six, seven, and eight who are studying at a private university in Jordan, the respondents were selected according to the criteria of inclusion and exclusion, a survey-questionnaire was developed and it was used as instrument for data collection. The questionnaire includes the demographic data and the students’ knowledge and attitudes on examination anxiety followed by analysis of data. Results: The results showed that among the total number of students who participated in the study, majority are female (75.3%), most of their age were between 20 – 22 years old which represented (90.1%) and also majority of respondents know the definition of anxiety which represented (70.4%). Conclusion: This study concluded that nursing students have good knowledge regarding anxiety which represented (65.7%) this study concluded that nursing students have a positive attitude with regard to anxiety on examination which represented (74%). In addition, it was found out that some students have anxiety during examination which represented (8.7%), while other have some signs of anxiety on examination that was represented (75.3%), and 16% of the other respondents have not experienced anxiety during examination
Citrus Fruit Juice and Anti-Diabetic: Hepato-Protective Effects In Diabetic Wistar Rats
Get PDFCitrus fruits characterized by flavonoids and limonoids (terpenes) with the juice contains a high quantity of citric acid and sharp flavor. The study aimed to investigate the effect of Citrus Medicus extract on the histo-hepatic architecture and blood glucose parameters in Alloxan induced diabetic wistar rats. A total of Twenty (20) Wistar rats weighing between 75g-120g were used and were classified as control, normoglycemic, hyperglycemic without treatment with Citrus Medicus and hyperglycemic treated with Citrus Medicus. Hyperglycemia was induced with single dose of intraperitoneal injection of Alloxan at 120 mg/kg. Administration was carried for 42 days experimental period using oro-gastric cannula. The weight changes and the blood glucose level were observed. Animals were euthanized 24 hour after the last administration and liver was harvested and process for histological observation using H/E and Van Giessen stains. The result shows that the extract of Citrus Medicus caused significant (p-value < 0.05) decrease in blood glucose and increase in the body weight among the animals treated with Citrus Medicus when compared with hyperglycemia untreated group. Histological observation showed hepatic plates that are arranged, with distinct hepatocytes. Hepatic sinusoid are devoid of blood cloths and are well spaced hence, maintanace of hepatic integrity was observed among the animals treated with Citrus Medicus. However, The de- arrangemnt of the hepatic plates, loss of the hepatocytes, loss of hepatic sinusoid and large deposit of the collagen were demonstrated with presences of blood cloths in untreated hyperglycemia animals. Nuclear shrinkages among the array of hepatocytes was equally observed in the hyperglycemia untreated animals. In conclusion, the extract of Citrus Medicus caused reduction in blood sugar, maintenance of body weight and maintenance of histo-hepatic architecture in Alloxan induced diabetic rats
Characteristics of Human Breast Milk Based on Infant’s Gender
Get PDFHuman milk is a complex fluid, which contains a number of constituents such as fats, proteins and vitamins, in addition to other compounds. These nutrients are needed for infant protection against infections and diseases. This study was undertaken to evaluate some physicochemical properties and biochemical constituents content of human milk samples (based on the gender of the breast feeding infant). This includes acidity, density and viscosity, as well as lactose, protein, calcium and magnesium contents. Results showed that the highest value of viscosity as well as the highest percentages of protein and acidity were recorded for human breast milk for a boy (2.212 cP, 1.237% and 0.02% respectively) while close values for density and other biochemical contents were recorded for both types of samples. However, only the change in viscosity was found to be significant (p˂0.05). Variations in some properties of human milk depending on the infant\u27 sex could be of benefit for developing infant formula taking infant’s gender into consideration.