Journal of Basic and Applied Research in Biomedicine
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Comparable Efficacy of Azithromycin versus Ceftriaxone in Eradicating H. influenzae of Pediatric Nasal Carriers in Iraq
Get PDFBackground: Haemophilus influenzae is a major cause of many serious infections. Nasal carriage contributes to upper respiratory tract infections. Its incidence in pediatric people is well detected worldwide. The guidelines for treatment include many classes of antimicrobial agents with graded response according to many factors. Patients and Methods: This study was carried out on 200 pediatric patients with an age range of 1-5 years, divided equally into 2 groups. Nasal swab was taken from both groups prior to medication, looking for H. influenzae. Nasal carriers in each group were defined. Then, the 1st group carriers were then subjected to treatment with ceftriaxone parenterally for 5 days in a dose of 50 mg/kg/d, while the carriers in the 2nd one were treated with azithromycin 200 mg/d orally for 5 days. After the treatment course, 2 days were left, and then another nasal swab was taken from each carrier child. Results: The swabs taken from both groups reveled the ability of both treatment regimens to eradicate H. influenza, with slightly better effect for azithromycin. Conclusion: The results obtained in this study clearly demonstrated the beneficial effect of using a 3rd generation cephalosporin or azithromycin in the eradication of H. influenzae and confirmed the role of antimicrobial agents in targeting the expected upper respiratory tract infections accompanying H. influenzae nasal carriage
Satisfaction of Student Nurses on the Academic Services in the School of Nursing
Get PDFAcademic services are essential resources for student nurses in their studies. These services are institutional methods which include the structure, rules, and regulations in the provision of academic services. Instructional services are skills and tools to enhance the knowledge, skills and attitude of student nurses. School resources are provided to students to improve their knowledge, skills and attitude. The study determined the level of satisfaction of student nurses on the academic services in the school of nursing in terms of institutional method, instructional services, and school resources, the factors that influence the academic performance of student nurses, and the difference in the level of satisfaction of the student nurses on the academic services in the school of nursing when respondents are grouped according to gender and year level. The study utilized a descriptive-survey design involving 187, first year to fourth year Bachelor of Science in Nursing students. A self-made questionnaire was used as the data gathering tool in this study. The findings of the study showed that students are moderately satisfied with the academic services rendered in the school of nursing. Teachers’ commitment and student time management influence student nurses’ satisfaction on the academic services in the school of nursing. Furthermore, the findings showed that gender, and year level has no significant effect on the level of satisfaction of student nurses on the academic services in the school of nursing. The findings imply the need for a continuous innovation of the academic services in the school of nursing
Effect of Copper Chemical Form on The Growth of Pseudomonas aeruginosa Isolated from Burned Patients and on Its Cu Uptake
Get PDFThe main object of this investigation was to shed light on the information on the level of Cu uptake by Pseudomonas aeruginosa that has been previously isolated from patients using Gram-negative E. aerogenes ans a Gram-positive Bacillus thuringiensis as a control for Cu uptake measurements. Cu uptake data showed that maximum Cu uptake was obtained by the Pseudomonas aeruginosa. The metal uptake was dependent on the type of biosorbent with different accumulation affinities toward the tested chemical form of the copper. Cells harvested at exponential growth phase showed slightly higher Cu uptake than at stationary phase, which reflect that the Cu uptake is metabolism dependent-process. The increasing order of affinity of the cupric chloride and cupric sulphate towards the three genera were almost constant. However, where cupric nitrate was used, the copper uptake behavior in Pseudomonas aeroginosa was not changed from those results with the other two chemical forms, whereas with E. aerogenes & B. thuringiensis, different Cu uptake behaviors were observed. In B. thuengenesis, the copper uptake rate as a function of initial Cu concentration were shown to increase with increasing the initial concentration of Cu, constantly above 320 ppm as compared with others. In Enterobacter with cupric nitrate, different bahavior was also shown in which the copper uptake decline sharply beyond the 320 ppm. These results reflect that the Cu uptake in P. aeruginosa is with different mechanisms as compared with other tested bacteria.
 
Impact of Covid-19 on Ginger Export, a Root Crop as Traditional Remedy for Covid-19
Get PDFThe World Health Organization (WHO) since its foundation in 1946 has worked for the improvement of global health and the fight against infectious diseases by bringing out preventive measures to curb the spread of viruses whiles working on approved medicines and vaccines to help heal infected people. The novel Covid-19 pandemic has currently affected almost every country in the world, and it has greatly caused an effect on the global economy at large. Whiles the World Health Organization is bringing out the specific initiative to address this targeted global health problem, many individuals are also relying on traditional methods to immune their systems as well as protect themselves from contracting the Covid-19 virus. Although, the WHO has declared that these traditional remedies are not certified and approved by the organization, the uncertainties and spontaneous reaction of people not to become victims of the Covid-19 virus employs these traditional remedies, although they are not certain about its effectiveness. This study explores the increase demands for ginger as a root crop to help boost the immunity of the body against the Covid-19 virus, as well as reveal the impact of the Covid-19 on the global economic export of ginger in the global market. The increase in the prices and demand of ginger in some countries in the world can fundamentally be credited to two fundamental factors. The first being the effect of the novel Covid-19 pandemic on international ginger trade, whereby there was an increase in the logistics costs since most borders and countries were under lockdown, and workers were self-isolating themselves from contracting the virus which in the long term resulted to the limited supply of goods for export. The second factor is attributed to the hearsay and tittle-tattle in some countries that ginger can be used as a therapeutic for the novel Covid-19 virus. This article has revealed that the Covid-19 pandemic has affected the export of ginger from China. China which happens to the largest international export country to export ginger globally experienced a decrease in the quantity of ginger exportation during the first quarter of 2020. However, the inability of China to export enough ginger has paved way for other countries such as Peru, Indonesia and Germany, Spain, and Turkey to increase in the export of their ginger to other countries. The increase in demand of ginger in this Covid-19 season is attributed to the ideology of consuming such root crop to boost the immune system of people. This paper argues that irrespective of the WHO unapproved use of ginger as a traditional remedy to cure the virus, people are still using this indigenous skill of herbal healing to boost their immune system. This provides reassurance and safety to people’s health. This assurance of the benefits derived from ginger consumption has led to an increase in demand for it, which has also increased in the global economic impact on ginger export
Antimicrobial alkaloids isolated from marine sponges-MINIREVIEW
Get PDFMarine natural products have attracted the attention of scientists to isolate novel biologically active metabolites. Several promising metabolites were discovered from marine sponges with different biological activities including antimicrobial and anticancer. By far, more than 36% of the metabolites discovered from marine organisms were isolated from sponges. In this study, the alkaloids isolated from marine sponges with antimicrobial activity were described
Design and Development of Surfactants Based Elastic Vesicular Drug Carrier System containing Antifungal Drug for Ophthalmic Disorder.
Get PDFThe work depicts utility of a novel; surfactants based elastic vesicular drug carrier system (SEVs), for targeting topically applied drug(s) to the posterior segment of the eye. The system comprised span 20 and an edge activator (tween 80). Terbinafine hydrochloride is a synthetic allylamine antifungal with a low molecular weight (327.89 Da.). It is hydrophilic in nature and has high protein binding and a limiting solubilityis expected to show a poor transport across the cornea; hence no ocular formulations are available. It is used to treat ocular mycoses, the second most usual drive of blindness in developing countries. However, its administered poor patient compliance and limited use due to its variable half-life. Therefore, Terbinafine hydrochloride was comprised into a novel sorbitan (spans) based elastic (SEVs) vesicular system with intent to achieve a prolonged and better effect. It was found to be safe in terms of dermal and eye irritation/corrosion tests according to OECD guidelines. Safety was a crucial issue considering that the system is novel (Indian Patent Application 2390/DEL/2008; 1447/DEL/2010) and is completely surfactant based (spans plus edge activators) formulation
Chemical composition and nutritional value of two edible mushrooms from three regions of Côte d’Ivoire
Get PDFWild edible mushrooms are consumed in the center regions of Côte d’Ivoire. In this study, the proximate composition, mineral element profile and amino acid profile of two selected wild edible mushrooms from three regions from center of Côte d’Ivoire including Lentinus squarrosulus and Auricularia politrich investigated. The mushrooms were harvested fresh, dried in an oven at 45°C for 48 hours, ground and analyzed according to standard procedures. showed high level of proteins (24.07±0.30–26.20±0.72%), crude fibre (12.30±0.07–20.13±0.07%), carbohydrate (52.36±1.84–64.64±0.68%), ash (9.58±0.18–16.02 ±0.10%) and fat (0.92±0.02–5.40±0.24%) in all species in the three regions. Mineral analysis of all species indicated the mushrooms were specifically rich in potassium, phosphorus, calcium and magnesium. Potassium was found to be the most abundant mineral present in all specie ranging from 1240.02±0.20 to 3414.11±0.94 mg/100g. Cadmuim and lead contents of the two species were generally very low. There were 17 amino acids, and these mushrooms were rich in essential amino acids. The ratios of essential amino acids to total amino acids were 0.40 to 0.45. The high scores of essential amino acids present in these mushrooms implied that they have a high biological protein value. These mushrooms could be considered a potential health food and may be of use to the food industry as a source of ingredients with high nutritional value
Devising an economical water purification unit using bio-adsorbent
Get PDFNumber of techniques are available to purify water, it include reduction, precipitation, ion exchange, electrochemical reduction and reverse osmosis. Most of them involve high capital costs with recurring expenses, which are not suitable for small-scale industries. Bio-technique has attracted the attention due to its effectiveness and environmentally benign nature. In bio techniques, agro wastes may be the potential sources for producing bio-adsorbents, which can be used for improving the quality of west water. Banana peel and Orange peel are also used as adsorbents for purification of water. Using natural resources upto it’s extend and making water palatable and is the need of the hour specially in developing and underdeveloped counties. Present work emphasizes use of banana peel as bio adsorbent in water purification unit. The designed water purification unit shows remarkable result in limits of purification of water
Effect of Feeding Time and Nutrient Degradability in Sorghum Stover Based Feeding System on Ruminal Microbial Protein Synthesis in Crossbred Cattle
Get PDFFarmers fed sorghum stover as staple roughages for low milk yielding dairy cattle was surveyed followed by in vitro and in vivo experiments to enhance rumen microbial protein synthesis in cattle without altering the quantity of forage / feed ingredients. The survey revealed that majority of farmers fed roughages twice daily during morning and evening and supplemented with groundnut cake at forenoon and evening along with de-oiled rice bran in drinking water. The in vitro degradability characteristics of the sorghum stover and supplemental feeds viz., groundnut cake, sesame cake, coconut cake and de-oiled rice bran were studied by Rumen Simulation Technique (RUSITEC). The half time (t1/2) of organic matter and nitrogen for sorghum stover were 27 ± 4 and 34 ± 4 hour, respectively. The respective t1/2 time of organic matter and nitrogen for the commonly fed supplemental feeds viz., coconut cake and de-oiled rice bran were 7 ± 1 and 15 ± 2 and 8 ± 0 and 7 ± 1 hour, respectively. Altering the feeding strategy based on t1/2 value of organic matter and nitrogen sources did not increased the rumen microbial protein yield by in vitro / in vivo experiments. There was comparable microbial nitrogen synthesis per kg metabolic body weight of animal between evolved and farmer’s feeding strategies in sorghum stover based feeding system (0.480 vs. 0.485 g / d). Hence, it was concluded that altering the feeding time based on nutrient degradability in sorghum stover based feeding system did not increased the rumen microbial protein synthesis
Deuterium Exchange of the α-Methylene Group Protons in the Quinazolones. III. Environment Influence on the Exchange Rate
Get PDFBy 1H NMR spectroscopy methods the exchange process of α-methylene group protons of deoxyvasicinone by deuterium atoms in the medium of CD3OD+NaOH and CD3OD+CD3COOD depending on NaOH concentration and temperature of the solution and CD3COOD have been investigated. It was shown that NaOH and CD3COOD have exchange initiator character, and their effect on the concentration are linear to D-exchange rate. The exponential dependence on temperature allowed us to determine the potential barrier of the initiation of the D- exchange process for deoxyvasicinone in the CD3COOD