Journal of Basic and Applied Research in Biomedicine
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3,4-Dichlorobenzoic acid biodegradation by the Edwardsiella tarda: Effect of Some Growth Conditions
Get PDFThe biodegradation of 3,4-DiChlorobenzoic acid was investigated by using Edwardsiella tarda and it used 3,4-DCBA as sole carbon and energy source. Several concentrations of 3,4-D CBAs (1mM, 2mM ,3mM ,4mM and 5mM) were used. The highest rate of degradation of 3,4-D CBAs was obtained at a concentration (2mM). The experiments were included substrate concentration, temperature, pH, starvation, adaptation, carbon and nitrogen sources. The degradation ability was monitored through the release of chloride disappearance of the substrate and finally the growth of bacterial cells on that substrate. The optimal temperature and pH for the bacteria were 42ºC and 7.5, respectively. Adaptation of the cells on 3,4-DCBA for 48 hours and cells starvation for 24 hours and 48 hours increasing the initial degradation rate. The carbon sources affected the 3,4 –DCBA degradation differently from that on chloride and cell mass production. Nitrogen sources supplied (yeast extract, L-proline, casein, NH4, K-Nitrate, arginine, urea and glycine). Urea and casine caused a repression in 3,4-DCBA degradation. Catechol 1,2 dioxygenase activity was found to be present in cell free extracts suggesting that 3,4-DCBA is catabolized by ortho-ring cleavage pathway
COVID-19: An Emerging Rapidly Evolving Situation
Get PDFCoronaviruses are large group of enveloped viruses with unsegmented, single-stranded, positive-sense RNA as genetic material. These are collection related RNA viruses that cause diseases of economically important vertebrate viz. mammals and birds. In humans, these viruses cause respiratory tract infections that can range from asymptomatic to life threatening. The asymptomatic disease include very similar to some cases of the common cold, while other deadly varieties can cause SARS, MERS, and COVID-19. The SARS-CoV (severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus) and MERS-CoV (Middle East respiratory syndrome coronavirus) are zoonotic origin and extremely pathogenic coronaviruses that can cause localized and worldwide outbreak. The novel Coronaviruses, COVID-19 posses a unique morphology. The outer surface of the virus bearing surface spike and reveled like crown hence being named corona virus. The mode of replication of the virus is very unique as it replicate through the generation of nested set of viral mRNA. The HCoV (Human coronavirus) cause respiratory complication with asymptomatic to life threatening outcomes. From the past 15 years we have witnessed appearance of two zoonotic, extremely pathogenic human corona viruses the: SARS-CoV and MERS-CoV
Social Profile of Elderly In Al -Gadarif Region in Eastern Sudan: 2014-2015.
Get PDFPopulation ageing is a current phenomenon that occurs worldwide due to improved standard of life and health care and services in most of the world countries. In recognition of this phenomenon, geriatric education was recently introduced as part of medical and health sciences. The overall objective of the study to assess the health status and factors affect the health of elderly 65 years and above in El Gadarif region (locality) in Eastern Sudan. This was descriptive cross-sectional study conducted in ElGedarif region. Data were collected by using standardized interview questionnaire for 388 participants. Statistics analysis was done using SPSS and chi-square test. The survey findings showed that 8.4% of the participants of the survey required assistance on eating, 9.5% , on bathing, 8.8%on dressing, while 46.4% required assistance on shopping, and 25% on taking medication. The findings also showed that 45.6% of the participants spent time watching T.V, 44.6% listening to radio, 48.4% engaging in interpersonal communication, and 14.8% reading. Chi-square results for testing significant relationship between taking medication and hypertension showed (P Value 0.06), the equivalent results between chronic disease and assistance in shopping was P value=0.000, between health status and exercise sports was ( p-value 0.000)and between Exercise Sports and sufficient sleep was ( P Value: 0.0). The results of the study reflected the very crucial role of the family in supporting the elderly in El Gadarif region, and showed that most of the participants were able to practice their daily life (routine) activities by themselves
Surgical eye camp in rural area of Nepal and its role in Vision 2020
Get PDFBlindness continues to remain a major public health problem in Nepal and cataract is the leading cause. Cataract surgical coverage is relatively low in the rural areas where prevalence of blindness is high. This is a descriptive cross sectional camp based study in a remote village of Nepal, where 4 days screening of the eye disease mainly the cataract was done. The aim of the study was to evaluate the role of surgical outreached eye camps in rural Nepal and its impact in Vision 2020. 250 patients (54.80% males and 45.20% females) underwent eye health screening tests. Cataract was the commonest ocular disease (29.6%) among the screened population and 24% (60 patients) of them required cataract surgery (57% male and 43% female). The mean age of the operated patient was 71.84 ± 10.6years. Among the operated cases, bilateral blindness was present in 21.66% and unilateral blindness in 70% but after vision restoring cataract surgery, normal visual acuity (6/6-6/18) was achieved in 31(51.66%), and vision of 6/24-6/60 in 23 (38.33%) cases. Cataract remains to be the major cause of blindness in Nepal and arrangement of repeated surgical eye camps in the remote areas of Nepal could aid in reducing the preventable cause of blindness thereby help in achieving the goal of Vision 2020
Formulation and Evaluation of Chitosan-Gellan Beads as Controlled Drug Delivery System of Antihypertensive Drug
Get PDFThe use of natural polymers in the design of drug delivery formulation has received much attention due to their excellent biocompatibility and biodegradability. Among them, chitosan and gellan are very promising and have been widely exploited in pharmaceutical industry for controlled drug release. In the present study, an attempt has been made to formulate chitosan-gellan beads of Diltiazem hydrochloride using chitosan and gellan as ionic polysaccharide, and calcium chloride as cross-linking agent. The formulations were prepared by varying the concentration of gellan gum and chitosan. The prepared beads were evaluated for drug polymer interaction by FT-IR, DSC andsurface morphology by SEM. Drug content, swelling studies and in vitro drug release were carried out on prepared beads. FT-IR and DSC studies showed no interaction between drug and polymers. SEM showed spherical nature of beads with inward dents. Swelling of beads depends upon pH, concentration of polymers and crosslinking agent. The in vitro release of drug from beads was controlled for 12 h. Chitosan-gellan beads as controlled drug delivery were prepared by changing the polymer concentration. Swelling studies showed that with an increase in pH from acidic to basic, a considerable increase in swelling in all the formulations was observed
Effect of sub-critical temperature during water extraction on the yield and total antioxidant properties of germinated brown rice
Get PDFThe aim of this study is to investigate the effect of temperature on the yield and total antioxidant activity of germinated brown rice variety. The brown rice was germinated, size reduced and analysed for amylose. Extraction of 25 g of the size reduced sample was done at varied sub-critical temperatures of 25°C, 100°C, 120°C, 150°C and 180°C with water for 1 h. The resulting mixtures were the filtered and evaporated to dryness. Total antioxidant activity was then evaluated using the 2, 2’-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) radical-scavenging ability assay and the 2,2-azino-bis(3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulphonic acid) (ABTS) radical cation scavenging assay. The yield of the extract was directly proportional to the extracting temperature. The extract obtained at 25°C had the lowest yield (3.15%) while that obtained at 180°C had the highest yield (61.10%). The percentage DPPH scavenging activity of the extracts and the ABTS radical cation scavenging activity of the extracts followed same pattern, they were both inversely proportional to the extracting temperature, except for the extract at 100°C which showed a slightly lower total antioxidant activity when compared to the extract at 120°C. In conclusion: Increase in temperature during extraction was directly proportional to the yield of the extracts and inversely proportional to the total antioxidant activity of the extracts
Chemical analysis and protective effect of Elaeis guineensis kernel oil against calcium ion-induced mitochondrial membrane permeability transition
Get PDFThis study evaluated the chemical property and effect of Elaeis guineensis kernel (EGK) oil on calcium ion-induced mitochondrial membrane permeability transition (MMPT) using standard in vitro methods. Results showed the EGK oil values for iodine (46.53±1.8 Wij’s), saponification (246.33±1.2 mgKOH/g), acid (10.32±2.5%) and peroxide (3.03±0.4 mEq/kg). EGK oil (150 µg/ml) exhibited a maximal inhibitory (80.9±4.8%) effect on MMPT. Furthermore, EGK oil (100 µg/ml) maximally stabilized (96.72±5.2%) erythrocyte membrane against hypotonicity-induced hemolysis. In addition, EGK oil (250 µg/ml) inhibited heat-induced protein denaturation by 12.42±2.6% and mitochondria lipid peroxidation by 61.03±3.7%. This study showed that EGK oil could possess mitochondria protective agent(s)
Introduction of Purple and Deep Purple F1 Carrot Hybrids to Egypt Showed High Antioxidant Activity and High Content of Total Flavonoids and Phenols
Get PDFFor the improvement of carrot cultivation in Egypt and because of the deterioration of the local Egyptian purple carrots, two novel colored (Purple and Deep Purple) F1 carrot hybrids were introduced for the first time from Netherland to be evaluated and compared to the broadly cultivated yellow Japanese F1 hybrid (Kuruda) under the Middle Egypt sandy soil growing conditions. The horticultural evaluation showed that the two purple hybrids have elongated thick roots and good vegetative growth and gave a very high yield of roots in two successive winter seasons of 2013/2014 and 2014/2015. The Deep Purple hybrid exceeded the other two hybrids in almost all studied chemical and horticultural characteristics. It showed about three folds of leaves fresh weight/plant, two folds of both root fresh weight/plant and yield/m2 when compared with Purple and Kuruda hybrids. The chemical analyses declared that the Purple and Deep Purple hybrids have higher contents of all estimated components and the Deep Purple hybrid had the highest values of total flavonoids (about two folds), total phenols (about 5-6 folds), antioxidant activity percentage (7-8 times), and total soluble solids percentage (1.5-2 times) than that of the yellow F1 hybrid “Kuruda”. These newly introduced two Purple and Deep Purple F1 hybrids may be very promising in production and processing purposes of purple carrots and good materials in carrot breeding programs in Egypt
Tourist Places at Kanyakumari District in Tamilnadu
Get PDFTourism is a fast growing industry which has vast and inexhaustible potentials to enhance national income, foreign exchange reserves and opportunities of employment to the growing millions or the countries. The size and economic significance of travel and tourism have attracted the attention of many countries in actively promoting tourism as a way to stimulate their economies. The world tourism organization has recognized the potential of tourism sector for the purpose of poverty alleviation by increased job creation; consequently, many developing countries are improving their tourism planning and developments approaches. The objective of this research article is to study the tourist places in kanyakumari district.
Real Time Implementation of Model Reference Controller in a Spherical Tank Process
Get PDFIn non linear process, control of process parameters is one of the important problems particularly, long dead time and unstable process. In this paper, a Model Reference Controller is implemented to improve the control performance for a spherical tank level process .The control method is combined with IMC and PD feedback where PD feedback is designed by Maclaurin series. The process dynamics are described by the transfer function model by utilizing the step test technique. Experimental results are furnished to illustrate the effectiveness of the Model Reference controller