Journal of Basic and Applied Research in Biomedicine
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Assessing Suitability of Constructed Model Treatment Plant in Treating River And Pond Water For Domestic Purposes Maiduguri, Nigeria
Get PDFIn this study, Physico-chemical and biological analysis of river Ngadda and pond water collected in Ramat Polytechnic ware evaluated to compare their compliance with World Health Organisation (WHO) using standard analytical methods. The parameters evaluated include: K, Mg, Mn, NO3, Iron, PO4, and hardness pH, Cl, K, Ca, EC, OD, BOD, TDS, Mg, Mn, NO3, PO4, Iron and coliform counts. The results from the laboratory analysis showed some of the physico-chemical parameters conform with WHO except K, Mg, Mn, NO3, Iron, PO4, and hardness that were found to be above the WHO standard. Coliform count was found to be present in the water that exceed the WHO standard. The t-test result reveals that there is no significant difference between the river and pond water properties with the WHO standard. The results of this study indicate that model water treatment plant could be suitable for treating water for domestic purposes
Vitreoscilla sp. hemoglobin (VHb) Expression in Heterologous Hosts: Some Aspects of Their Biotechnological Application
Get PDFIt is worth mentioning that the high output of different physiological responses under the expression of vgb, may have a considerable effect on the enzyme productivity, dairy industry, heavy metal uptake, biodegradation of different organic pollutants and other applications. The expression of bacterial haemoglobin is useful in lessening the load of perceived toxic conditions such as high oxygen levels. This in turn probably has the same impact on some peripheral toxic materials. This, hemoglobin biotechnology can be extended to enhance production of pollutants degrading enzymes or production of some valuable manufacturing materials on the case-by-case bases. It is likely that the mechanism of bacterial hemoglobin (VHb) effects is intermediated via an oxygen trapping action. This may drive the enrichment of ATP production, which is mostly required for higher productivity of needed substances for that activity
Using 3,4-dichloro benzoic acid as growth substrate by Brevibacterium spp: Effect of some growth conditions
Get PDFBrevibacterium spp.that was already isolated from wastewater treatment plant of Petra City, Jordan. While 1 and 2 mM of 3,4-dichloro benzoic acid (3,4-DCBA) were used, the biodegradation rate was 14.5 and 21.25 µM/h, respectively, and the remaining was 58% for both. The remaining ratio to the quantity of 3,4-DCBA used was taken in consideration, as a result, 1 mM concentration of 3,4-DCBA substrate was applied for the rest of experiments because of the remaining amount is 0.58 mM 3,4-DCBA while 1.15 mM remained from 2mM concentration used. Thereafter, Brevibacterium spp was grown in batch cultures using M9 minimal media plus 1 mM concentrations of 3,4-DCBA as carbon and energy source. 3,4-DCBA degradation was optimally achieved at a 37 oC incubation temperature, a pH of 7.0 and an agitation rate of 150 rpm. During carbon starvation, the increased biodegradation potential of Brevibacterium spp. was accompanied by a lessening in the acclimatization period besides enhancement of the biodegradation completion of 3,4-DCBA. The adaptation to 3,4-DCBA not only increased the degradation rate but also managed to reduce the time required for complete 3,4-DCBA degradation from 80 to nearly 40 hours. In conclusion, the acclimatized period, and carbon starvation and other optimal conditions were key factors for the enhancement of the degradation ability of 3,4-DCBA by Brevibacterium spp
Study of Lipase Producing Bacterial Strains from Oil Contaminated Soil
Get PDFLipase producing bacterial strains were isolated from oil contaminated soils and grown on nutrient agar medium containing 1% (w/v) Tween-20. The isolate showing maximum activity was identified by following Berger’s manual. Three bacterial strains such as Bacillus sp., Staphylococcus sp. and Clostridium sp. were isolated from oil contaminated soil sample. Different media parameters were optimized for maximal enzyme production. Peak lipase activity was observed glucose as carbon source, peptone as nitrogen source, at pH 7.0 and temperature at 40°C
Kinetic Potentials of the Effect of Ethanol on Calcium Content of Ashed Cow Bones
Get PDFThe kinetic study was carried out to determine the calcium content in the ashed cow bone extract and to monitor the rate of deterioration of the calcium content in the presence of alcohol. The cow bone was subjected to pre-treatment processes such as drying, grinding, and ashing. The ashed cow bone was digested in distilled water for 24 hours and then filtered. The calcium extract was determined by titration and a concentration of 86.67 mg/l of calcium was recorded. Kinetic studies were carried out by introducing equal volumes of local ethanol into the standard solution of the calcium and measuring the rate of reaction titrimetrically after every 10 minutes interval. The added ethanol led to a gradual decrease of the concentration of calcium with increase in time. The average pH of the reaction mixture was 7.01. Other kinetic parameters such as rate of reaction, reaction constants, order of reaction, half-life and full life of the kinetics of the effect of ethanol on calcium content of the ashed cow bone was determined. The rate of reaction obtained was 0.63 mg/l/min. The rate constant value obtained was 0.00027272 mg/dm3/min. The kinetics revealed a second order integrated rate law. A half-life of 42.3 minutes was determined which is equivalent to a full life of 84.m minutes. Discussions are made based on the dangers of alcohol intake to the calcium contents of the body
Analysis of Starch from Non- Edible Root and Tubers as Sources of Raw Materials for the Synthesis of Biodegradable Starch Plastics
Get PDFThe study investigated the physicochemical properties of starches from Caladium bicolor (wild cocoyam), Icacina trichantha (false yam), dioscorea villosa (wild sweet yam) and oyster mushroom. Amylose/amylopectin ratio, gel characteristics, hygroscopicity among other properties were examined. The study revealed that wild yam, sweet yam, false yam and oyster mushroom have total starch content of 86.6%, 82.8%, 58.4& and 49.3% respectively. False yam and oyster mushroom had high percentages of amylose (40.2 and 56.7%) while wild cocoyam and sweet yam had high amylopectin content (88.9% and 84.6%) respectively. The functional properties of the starch samples compared favourably with starches from edible sources. This study revealed that starches from non-edible sources like wild cocoyam, false yam, mushroom and sweet yam can be used in the synthesis of bioplastics with improved quality. This will reduce the amount of plastics littered in landfills and will also replace the use of edible starches in non-food purposes enabling edible starches to be available for human consumption and other food/medical applications.
 
Experience of Antibiotic Use and Resistance Among Pharmacy Students in the University of Kerbala
Get PDFIntroduction: Antibiotic resistance occurs when bacteria develop the ability to defeat the drugs designed to kill them. Antibiotics dispensing without prescription, misuse of antibiotics are considered as a major cause of antibiotic resistance. Antimicrobial resistance causes extra health care cost and leads to loss of productivity; also patients with resistant infections are more expensive and difficult to treat. Many strategies and steps can be taken at all levels of society to reduce the impact and limit the spread of resistance. The pharmacist has effective role in averting antibiotic resistance. Methodology: A questioner form was designed to assess student’s knowledge, attitude and perception about antibiotic use and resistance, 146 pharmacy students from the fourth stage and fifth stage in the University of Kerbala, were selected randomly. Result: A total number of 146 students, (70 from the fourth stage and 76 from the fifth stage) were participated in this study of both sexes (30 male: 116 female). About 82% of students understand what the antibiotic resistance term mean. 87% of students knew that antibiotics shouldn’t be used for common cold. 84% of students did not stop taking antibiotics until taken all of the antibiotics as directed. 34% of students usually consult a doctor before starting an antibiotic. Less than 23% of students did not stop taking antibiotic when any side effect appears. Conclusion: Based on results obtained in this study that done in Kerbala University / College of Pharmacy it has been concluded that students were of high level in knowledge and perception about antibiotics use and resistance, but the students were of lower level in attitudes, lower percent of student have good attitude toward antibiotics use
Design, Formulation and Evaluation of Diclofenac Diethylamine Gel
Get PDFThe goal of this study was to produce a topical gel formulation of Diclofenac diethylamine using various gelling agents, such as carbopol 934, Sodium Carboxy methyl cellulose, and alovera extract, to reduce the gastrointestinal side effects associated with oral administration. Topical medication administration can be accomplished by integrating into the gel matrix, preventing first-pass metabolism and allowing for greater local action in anti-inflammatory and analgesic purpose. The gel formulations were tested for homogeneity, grittiness, viscosity, pH, spreadability, drug content, in vitro drug release and release kinetics. The effects of polymer composition on the rate of drug release from the gel formulations were examined through dialysis membrane at 37º ± 0.5ºC. The gel formulation consisting of alovera extract (F3) was found to be suitable for topical application based on in vitro evaluation. These results suggest the feasibility of the topical gel formulation of Diclofenac diethylamine
Current synthesis routes of thiazole and its derivatives and their broad spectrum therapeutic activity: A Review
Get PDFThiazole is an important nucleus owing to its wide range of medical uses. It contains components that are anti-bacterial, anti-fungal, anti-malarial, anti-cancer, anti-allergic, anti-hypertensive, anti-inflammatory, and anti-psychotic, as well as antioxidant, analgesic, and antimicrobial. The thiazole scaffold has been detected in the more than eighteen FDA-accepted medicines in addition to countless research compounds. A literature review on this themes was undertaken from 2015 to the present. Older publications were not investigated since they had already been peer reviewed
Serum and Urinary Levels of Nitric Oxide and Uric Acid in Nigerian Children with Asthma
Get PDFBackground: Asthma is associated with increased production of reactive oxygen and nitrogen species and an alteration in the levels of antioxidants activities in the lung and blood. The increased production of the superoxide anion radicals contributes to airway remodelling and disease severity. Physiologically, the effect of increased free radical generation is eliminated by corresponding activities of a network of antioxidants. Presently, there is the dearth of information on the steady-state concentrations of nitric oxide (NO) and uric acid (UA) in children with asthma. The serum and urinary levels of NO and UA in children with asthma were thus determined in this study. Methodology: Fifty children consisting of 25 children with asthma and 25 age-matched apparently healthy children without asthma were enrolled into this study. Serum and urinary levels of NO and UA were determined using standard methods. Results: Serum levels of NO and UA were significantly higher while the urinary levels of NO and UA were significantly lower in children with asthma compared with the controls. There was no significant correlation between the serum ad urinary levels of NO and UA in children with asthma. Also, gender differences were not observed in the serum and urinary levels of NO and UA in children with asthma. Conclusion: Children with asthma have elevated serum levels of NO and UA accompanied with suboptimal urinary excretion. Therefore, children with asthma might benefit from routine renal function assessment owing to damages that can result from systemic accumulation of UA with concomitant reduction in its urinary excretion