Journal of Basic and Applied Research in Biomedicine
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Kinetic Potentials of the Effect of Ethanol on Iron Content of Ashed Cow Blood
Get PDFThe kinetic study was carried out to determine the iron content in the ashed cow blood extract. The cow blood was subjected to pretreatment process such as boiling, heating, drying, grinding and ashing. The ashed cow blood was digested in distilled water for 24 hours and then filtered. Few drops of chromic acid was added to the filtrate and left to equilibrate. This was necessary to release iron from the coordinated blood extract. The iron content of the filtered extract was determined spectrophotetrically, using AAS and a concentration of 1.9200 mg/litre of iron was recorded. Kinetic studies were carried out by introducing equal volume of local ethanol into the filtrate and the iron concentration was monitored using AAS at 10 minutes interval. The ethanol led to a gradual decrease of the concentration of iron with increase in time. The average pH of the reaction mixture was 7.5 which was slightly alkaline or near neutral. Other kinetic parameters such as rate of reaction, rate constants, order of reaction, half life and full-life of the kinetics of the effect of ethanol on iron content of the ashed cow blood were determined. The rate of reaction obtained was 0.0215 mg/litre/minute. The rate constant value obtained was 0.010025 mg-dm3min-1. The kinetics revealed a second order type as it was found to fit the second order integrated rate law. A half life value of 51.95 minutes was determined which corresponded to a full life of 103.90 minutes. Discussions are made based on the dangers of alcohol intake to the iron contents of the body
The Relationship between Management Practices of Nurse Supervisors and Patient Care Satisfaction
Get PDFThe study aimed to determine the relationship between management practices of nurse supervisors and patient care satisfaction. The study used a descriptive correlational through survey-questionnaire. Purposive sampling was utilized; there were 100 staff nurses and 100 patients who participated in this study. Results showed that the nurse supervisors’ management the over-all mean score is 4.02. For the over-all mean score for patient care satisfaction is 4.01. Further, Pearson-r revealed (r = 0.10, n = 200, p = 0.31) which indicated that there was no significant relationship between the two variables being tested in the study. Conclusions includes: staff nurses are generally contented with their supervisor’s management; patients are generally appeased with the nursing care they receive; management practice of nurse supervisors has no effect on patient care satisfaction
Biodegradation of 2- Chlorobenzoic Acid and its other substitutes
Get PDFBecause of the widespread use of these halogenated organic compounds in agriculture and industry, considerable quantities of these compounds\u27 byproducts are discharged into the environment. These chemicals are known as halogenated pesticides. There is one group that, based on the chemical structures of these compounds, is thought to be the most tenacious and poisonous of all the groups. This group is known as the group. A. hydrophila, which was shown to be capable of utilising chlorobenzoate chemicals as a carbon and energy source, was isolated from wastewater treatment plant effluent in Petra, Jordan. Different biodegradation rates (4-chlorobenzoic acid, 5 M/hr; 3,4-dichlorobenzoic acid, 15.5 M/hr; 2-chlorobenzoic acid, 41 M/hr; 3-chlorobenzoic acid, 65 M/hr) were used to achieve these capacities. The release of chloride, the disappearance of the substrate, and finally the development of bacterial cells on these substrates were used to monitor the ability to degrade. Analyses of the ortho or meta ring-cleavage of these aromatic compounds were conducted on A. hydrophila dioxygenases that were physiologically activated by chlorobenzoic acid compounds. The fact that only one 2-dioxygenase activity was found suggests that the ortho route is used for the cleavage. The optimal conditions for 2-CBA chemical breakdown were 3 mM substrate concentration, 25 oC, pH 7, and 200 l inoculum size. Differently from how they affected chloride and cell mass synthesis, the carbon sources had an impact on the breakdown of 2-CBA. Utilized nitrogen sources decreased 2-CBA\u27s ability to degrade and its ability to release chlorine. However, the biodegradation between the 40 and 80 hours was slightly enhanced by the nitrogen source L-proline
Marine sponge\u27s biological activities: Their Biotechnological Uses
Get PDFThe most of the time, marine sponges are an invertebrate species found in the tropics, subtropics, and temperate zones of the oceans and seas. They are acknowledged as being among the most important sources of bioactive chemicals, which are found in marine habitats and can then be recovered from those settings. These bioactive chemicals are found in marine environments and can then be extracted from those environments. It is common knowledge that the chemicals that are extracted from these sponges demonstrate a wide range of bioactivities, such as antibacterial activity, anticancer activity, and general cytotoxicity. These bioactivities can be found in the isolated chemicals. In this article, we discuss the bioactive chemicals that have been found in marine sponges and their potential applications. These compounds have the potential to serve as antibacterial, antiviral, and antimalarial agents against human infections as well as fish pathogens in the aquaculture industry. In addition, these compounds may also operate as antifungal agents. Sponge organisms found in the ocean have also been shown to have these chemical compounds. This article discusses the importance of marine sponges to the fields of chemistry, microbiology, cell biology, and molecular biology from a biotechnological standpoint. Researchers of marine natural products have discovered new potential medications as a result of their efforts to exploit the remarkable chemical variety that can be found in sponges
Respiratory Burst Factors in Nigerian Patients with COVID-19
Get PDFRespiratory burst function resulting in the release of reactive oxygen species from leucocytes is one of the key mechanisms of innate immune system to prevent the establishment of intracellular pathogens in the host cells. Previous studies on COVID-19 patients concentrated on adaptive immunity while study on respiratory burst functions is lacking. Respiratory burst mediators levels [nitric oxide (NO) and hydrogen peroxide (H2O2)] and respiratory burst enzymes activities [Catalase (CAT), Myeloperoxidase (MPO) and Superoxide dismutase (SOD)] were quantitated in the plasma Mean plasma NO level, MPO activity and H2O2 level were significantly decreased while SOD activity was significantly increased in COVID-19 patients at admission compared with control. Mean plasma NO level significantly decreased while MPO activity was significantly increased in COVID-19 patients at discharge compared with control. Plasma NO level, H2O2 level and MPO activity were significantly increased in COVID-19 patients at discharge compared with COVID-19 patients at admission. In COVID-19 patients that spent ≥10days in admission, the levels of NO and H2O2 were significantly increased compared with the levels of NO and H2O2 in COVID-19 patients that spent <10days in admission. In male COVID-19 patients, NO level and MPO activity were significantly increased compared with MPO activity in female patients. In COVID-19 patients ≥40years of age, NO level was significantly decreased while MPO activity was significantly increased compared with COVID-19 patients <40yrs of age. In male COVID-19 patients, NO level and MPO activity was significantly increased compared with MPO activity in female patients. It could be concluded from this study that factors of respiratory burst which are components of the innate immune system are altered in COVID-19 patients and could be involved in the immune-pathogenecity of SARS-CoV-2; and that MPO coupled with NO may explain differential severities of COVID-19 among genders and age groups
In vitro Insights into Prospect of Cnestis ferruginea Pulp Extract as an Antimicrobial Agent
Get PDFSensitivity study of Cnestis ferruginea pulp extract with respect to the reference commercial antibiotics was tested against four bacteria (Staphylococcus aureus, Bacillus subtilis, Proteus mirabilis, and Klebsiella pneumoniae) and three fungi (Trichoderum rubrum, Aspergillus niger, and Candida albicans) strains isolated in man with a view to elucidating the inhibitory potency of the plant pulp’ extract using an agar well diffusion assay. The investigation discovered that the extract had 71% inhibitory activities against the microbial isolates tested either in sterilized or non-sterilized form and in the two different concentrations examined, which compared favourably with reference antibiotics used. The optimal performance of the pulp extract against the test organisms could be due to the presence of the metabolites such as alkaloids, flavonoids, steroids, saponins, and polyphenols found in ample form in the extract. This study has revealed the possible utilization of Cnestis ferrugineain the treatment of wound, urinary infections and in the management of oral-related infections
Assessment of the Protective Effects of Vitamin C and E on Cypermethrin-induced Nephrotoxicity and Electrolyte Imbalance in Wistar Rats
Get PDFCypermethrin is a potent pyrethroids insecticide causing different pathological features when exposed to mammal. Vitamins are used as nutrient supplements and in clinical studies as medical intervention in some disease conditions. This study was designed to investigate the possible protective effect of vitamin C and E on Cypermethrin induced nephrotoxicity in wistar albino rats. Twenty-eight (28) wistar albino rats were sorted into four groups of seven rats per groups were used in this study. Group A serves as the control and received distilled water orally. Group B, C and D were administered 25mg/kg body weight cypermethrin orally. Group C and D were treated daily with 40mg/kg body weight vitamin C and 20mg/kg body weight vitamin E respectively by oral administration while group B was left untreated for 14 days. Cypermethrin significantly (P<0.05) induced nephrotoxicity as characterized with significant increased (P<0.05) in the serum levels of Urea, uric acid and creatinine. It also caused significant decrease (P<0.05) in renal total protein, albumin and globulin. Exposure to Cypermethrin induced electrolyte imbalance in rats with significant increase in serum chloride ion, potassium ion and significant decrease in serum level of sodium ion and bicarbonates. Histological results revealed that cypermethrin caused distortion in histoarchitecture of the kidney characterized by lesion of glomerulus, damaged Bowman’s capsule, degenerated and vacuolated renal tubules. Taken together, vitamin C and E significantly reverse all these alterations and offer protection to the kidney membrane
Evaluation of Bioconcentration of Organophosphate Pesticides Monocrotophos and Quinalphos in Freshwater Fish Channa striatus
No full textFish bioconcentration factors (BCF) are used for the prediction of the environmental effects of new chemicals and some studies have suggested that they can be predicted from the Physico-chemical properties of the chemical. The rigorous use of pesticides resulted in the dispersal and persistence of pollutants throughout the ecosystem. Pesticides contamination in the aquatic ecosystem has become one of the most staggering issues due to their detrimental effect on public health and the environment. This study aimed to investigate the bioconcentration factor of pesticides monocrotophos and quinalphos in three tissues (skin, muscles, gills) of the fish Channa striatus for 21 days, of the three analyzed tissues of monocrotophos exposed fish, gill accumulated highest concentration of (0.033 mg kg-1) while muscles (0.012 mg kg-1) at the lowest, whereas the concentration of quinalphos was maximum (0.98mg kg-1) in liver and minimum (0.074 mg kg-1) in muscle. Results showed that the effect of pesticide differs from tissue to tissue. However, the levels exceeded maximum detection limits as recommended by U.S. Geological Survey National Water Quality Laboratory, Denver, Colo. Hence it is suggested that the fish containing pesticide residues beyond permissible limit should be avoided for food purpose
Recovery and Screening of α-Galacotosidase Producing Lactic Acid Bacteria from Fermented Dairy Products
Get PDFLactic acid bacteria (LAB) present in fermented foods has long been consumed by humans without any obvious adverse effects. Therefore, they are potent candidates as vehicles for the delivery of digestive enzymes. Stachyose, a tetrasaccharide, is believed to contribute to flatulent properties of soyabeans that limit their use for human consumption. LAB including some Lactobacillus plantarum, L.fermentum,L. buchneri and reuteri hydrolyze α- galactosides or non-digestible carbohydrates into digestible carbohydrates during fermentation. These bacteria are therefore a source of α -galactosidase. If soy milk could be fermented with these microorganisms that utilize stachyose either to produce acid or to hydrolyze it to mono and disaccharides, the product thus prepared ought to be less flatulent and therefore, more acceptable. In present study, total 27 lactic acid bacteria were recovered selectively on MRS agar from the various milk and milk products. All the 27 isolates were characterized morphologically and the colonies were white to cream and gram positive. Out of 27 LAB only 5 isolates were found to be positive for α- galactosidase enzyme. α-galactosidase activities were determined by using p-NPG. All 5 α- galactosidase producer were further subjected for various biochemical characterization for partial identification and were catalase negative, and casein hydrolysis, sugar fermentation, nitrate reduction positive. Reduction of α- galactosides by the 5 selected isolates were evaluated. The isolate, RLAB α-4, CLAB α-14, CLAB, CLAB α-20 α-18 and WLAB α-25 degraded 67.56 %, 45.94%, 54.05%, 70.27%, and 64.86% α- galactosides respectively. CLAB α-20 degraded maximum concentration of α- galactosides and RLAB α-14 degraded least concentration of α- galactosides
Retrospective Study of Biochemical Markers and Risk Factors in Obese and Non-Obese Adolescence
Get PDFObesity is a chronic disease defined by an excessive accumulation of body fat that represents health risks, being considered now a days the major public health problem worldwide. Obesity is characterized as a low-grade inflammatory disease due to the variety of pro-inflammatory adipokines secreted by adipose tissue, especially visceral adipose tissue. This inflammation is characterized by macrophage infiltration and expression of inflammatory adipokines, which are related to insulin resistance, blood pressure, and vascular endothelium alterations. These alterations are closely related to development and progression of diabetes and cardiovascular disease, including paediatric patients. Obesity considered now as one among the major global issue affecting young adults. Rapid changes in sedentary lifestyle choices were the risk factors for obesity including unhealthy diet patterns, expending time in front of TV and lacking physical activity etc. The present study aimed for correlating the risk factors of obesity with healthy groups among the adolescent population. And the result was recorded with significant level of elevation in most of the parameters in cases than control and the significance was represented as student’s test (p<0.001)