Journal of Basic and Applied Research in Biomedicine
Not a member yet
216 research outputs found
Sort by
Jhum Cultivation and Environment in Arunachal Pradesh
Get PDFJhum cultivation (Shifting cultivation) has been practising from the very beginning of human civilization. Today, it is also practised traditionally generally in hilly region. It is a curse to the human existence because of creating so many problems such as environmental, soil erosion, soil fertility, loss of flora and fauna, loss of water resources, etc. This paper seeks to examine an in-depth study to solve the problems created by the shifting cultivation in the country in general and in Arunachal Pradesh in particular as to bring sustainable development by solving the problems created by Shifting Cultivation
Microbial Quality of Commercially Packed Fruit Juices in South-East Nigeria
Get PDFThe microbiological quality of commercially packed fruit juices sold in South-East Nigeria were assessed. A total of forty (40) juice samples consisting of orange, apple, pineapple, lemon, and guava flavoured varieties were collected. Samples were screened for total viable count, total coliform count, faecal coliform count, total staphylococcal count and total fungal count using standard microbiological methods. The highest total bacteria load of 4.4×105 cfu/ml was observed in sample A (Orange) while the lowest was observed in sample D of Apple variety (1.95×104 cfu/ml). The total coliform count ranged from no count in samples A, B, C and D to 9.8×101 cfu/ml in sample I (Guava juice). In all the samples, there was no faecal coliform found. The staphylococcal count ranged from no count in samples E, F, I and J to 8.4×102 cfu/ml in sample G (lemon juice). The highest total fungal count of 1.6×105 cfu/ml was observed in sample I (Guava) and the lowest count was observed to be 1.2×103 cfu/ml in an apple juice (sample D). The microorganisms isolated from the samples included Staphylococcus aureus, Bacillus species, Enterobacter species, Acetobacter species, Lactobacillus species, Saccharomyces cerevisiae, Aspergillus species, Rhizopus species and Penicillium species. Bacillus species was the most common (70%), followed by S. aureus (60%), Enterobacter spp., Lactobacillus spp. and Saccharomyces cerevisiae had the same rate of 50% respectively, and Acetobacter spp. and Penicillium spp. had the same rate of 40% while the least occurrence was seen in Aspergillus spp. and Rhizopus spp. with the rate of 30% respectively. The result showed that different bacterial and fungal species occurred within the fruits juices. The materials used for the production of the juice, poor sanitation, extraction, raw material contamination, lack of both proper heat sterilization and adequate quality control during processing of fruit juice could be a contributory factor to the presence of these organisms in the fruit juices. Some of the fungal isolates especially Penicillium sp. and Aspergillus sp. could result in the production of mycotoxins, which could lead to health hazards for the consumer and their presence in the fruit juices is of public health significance. Therefore, regular monitoring of the quality of commercially available fruit juices for human consumption is recommended to avoid outbreak of food borne illness resulting from the organisms encountered in this study
Spatial Integration Analysis of Rice Markets in the Six Geo-political Zones of Nigeria
Get PDFThe attainment of inter-regional price equilibrium is of immense importance in an economy to achieve the marketing and pricing objectives of a commodity. Since Nigeria has witnessed an established growing demand for rice as propelled by rising per capita consumption, the need for a well integrated rice marketing system arises due to high demand. This study therefore, described growth rate in retail prices, determined long-run and short-run price equilibrium among different pairs of spatially separated markets in Nigeria for imported and local rice varieties. Monthly retail prices of both rice varieties from January 2001 to December 2010 (120months/state) were obtained for six geo-political zones of Nigeria from the statistical database of National Bureau of Statistics. Three (urban) markets were randomly selected from each zone, making eighteen markets across the six geo-political zones. Analytical techniques used were Augmented Dickey Fuller (ADF) unit root test, Johansen multivariate co-integration technique, Vector Error Correction Modelling (VECM) and Granger causality test. The findings revealed that for the imported rice markets, Ebonyi recorded the highest growth rate in retail prices (70.17%) and (85.52%) in 2004 and 2008, respectively. However, for the local rice markets, Bayelsa recorded the highest growth rate of 86.05% in 2003, followed by Lagos (72.01%) in 2005 and Bauchi (45.85%) in 2007. The results of ADF unit root test revealed that price series variables were non-stationary at levels but became stationary after the first-differencing for imported and local rice varieties at 5% level of significance. Also, about 85.00% of the imported rice markets exhibited long-run priceequilibrium while the local rice markets exhibited 71.90% long-run price equilibrium. The imported and local rice markets were well spatially integrated with 83.00% shock in imported rice prices being transmitted to the local rice prices due to policy implications. The VECM results revealed moderate short-run price equilibrium among the imported rice markets while there was weak shortrun price equilibrium in the local rice markets. The results of Pair-wise Granger causality test for imported and local rice market links in the same state showed that ten market links exist between imported rice and local rice markets in bi-directional (two- way) causality. The study showed that price signals were well transmitted across spatially separated markets for local rice varieties, thus indicating integration of rice markets in Nigeria between January 2001 and December 2010. 
Prevalence of Hypoglycemia Among type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) patients attending the National Center for Diabetes Endocrinology and Genetics Amman, Jordan.
Get PDFHypoglycemia and recurrent hypoglycemia may be associated with a significant increase in the risk of major macrovascular and microvascular events and recurrent hypoglycemia was associated with arise in mortality, morbidity. The objectives of this study are to estimate the prevalence of hypoglycemic episodes in T2DM patients attending the National Center for Diabetes, Endocrinology and Genetics and to estimate the rate of hypoglycemic unawareness in these patients and to determine the risk factors associated with hypoglycemic episodes. Across-sectional study was carried out at the National Center for Diabetes ,Endocrinology and Genetics (NCDEG) in Amman-Jordan, conducted from1st of November 2012 to 1st of March 2013 .A total of 1055 patients with type 2 diabetes according to (ADA) and on one or more hypoglycemic agents .Data collected on the severity and frequency and symptoms of hypoglycemic episodes in the 3 month prior to enrollment based (Hypoglycemic Health Assoc. of Australia Questionnaire). of 1055patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus who aged between 21-85years 499males 47.3% and 556 females 52.7%,25.6%had controlled HBA1c, 67.7%were on insulin treatment, 39.8%of them are having type 2 DM for more than 10 years, 57.7% of them were obese with a mean (SD)of the BMI 31.2kg/m2(4.9).Prevalence of hypoglycemia was 46.6% for patients with hypoglycemic symptoms .Logestic regression analysis revealed that occupation, duration of diabetes , HBA1C level , diabetic nephropathy, diabetic foot and type of medication were significant correlated with hypoglycemic episodes . Hypoglycemia is common among Jordanian patients with type 2 DM attending the NCDEG, to maintain glycemic control and prevent hypoglycemia attack should be designed schedule for education concerning self monitoring of blood glucose, diet, medication, and lifestyle. Encourage patients to treat hypoglycemia episodes if showed immediately and don’t delay in treating hypoglycemia
Prevalence of Head Lice in Jeddah City, Saudi Arabia According to Crowding Criteria
Get PDFOne of the cosmopolitan parasites recorded all over the world is the Head Lice, Pediculus humanus capitis, it parasitizes the human being with highly prevalent in children. The habit feeding of Head lice is sucking blood from human and it is about every 4 to 6 hours each day which causing severe irritation and inflammation. Crowding is the factor effect on the prevalence of Pediculus humanus capitis between hosts, this record is related to the crowding factor increased the head lice prevalence among school girl students attending the elementary schools in Jeddah city. Study was conducted by filling the questionnaires for the head lice infected students in the public and private schools under study according to their information in the schools records. The Pediculus humanus capitis infested students were mainly lived in apartments have at least three rooms. The student\u27s siblings was five or more, most of them sharing their sister in bed and having prior infested people in the student\u27s family
Synthesis, Characterization and Anticonvulsant Activity of Novel Benzyl-6-Chloro Indole Carboxylate Derivatives
Get PDFIndole is one of the most important heterocyclic compound, weak base, having varied biological activities and still of great scientific interest now a days. They are widely found in bioorganic and medicinal chemistry with application in drug discovery. In the present study some novel indole carboxylate derivatives were synthesized under green synthesis by microwave irradiation method according to the scheme. Methyl 6-chloro-1Hindole-5-carboxylate was treated with benzyl chloride in presence of CS2CO3 in dry DMF. Then methyl 1-benzyl-6-chloro-1H-indole-5-carboxylate was treated with oxalyl chloride in dry DCM and different secondary amines to get methyl 1-benzyl-6-chloro-3-[(N,N-dialkylamino)(oxo)acetyl]-1H-indole-5-carboxylates derivatives (IND-1 to IND-10). The synthesized newer indole carboxylate derivatives have been characterized by using elemental analysis, FT-IR, 1HNMR, 13C NMR spectroscopy and further supported by Mass spectroscopy. Purity of all the compounds has been checked on thin layer chromatographic plate and HPLC technique. All the synthesized compounds were evaluated for anticonvulsant activity by maximal electroshock method (MES) by using phenytoin as standard at a concentration of 30 mg/kg. The anticonvulsant effect of the newly synthesized compounds was assessed by absence or reduction of hind limb tonic extensor phase. Among the synthesized derivatives compounds IND-5 and IND-10 were found to be the most potent compounds in the series
Synthesis, Characterization and Anti-Inflammatory and Antipyretic evaluation of Novel Indole Derivatives
Get PDFIndole, the bicyclic ring system consists of pyrrole ring fused with benzene ring. Although indole moiety is very small but is fascinated by scientists because of the diverse biological activities by not only indole but its various substituted derivatives as well. In the present study some novel indole derivatives like 6-Chloro-3-[(N,N-diethylamino)(oxo)acetyl]-1-benzyl-N-aryl-1H-indole-5-carboxamide derivatives (IC-1 to IC-10) were synthesized according to the scheme. The synthesized novel indole derivatives have been characterized by using elemental analysis, FT-IR, 1HNMR, 13C NMR spectroscopy and further supported by Mass spectroscopy. Purity of all the compounds has been checked on thin layer chromatographic plate and HPLC technique. All the synthesized compounds were evaluated for anti-inflammatory and antipyreticactivities. All the compounds exhibited moderate to significant anti-inflammatory and antipyreticactivities
Targeted synthesis and in vitro bactericidal and fungicidal activities of 2-alkylthio-5-(p-aminophenyl)-1,3,4-oxadiazoles.
Get PDFSelective alkylation of 5-(p-aminophenyl)-1,3,4-oxadiazol-2(3H)-thione with alkyl halides have been studied. It was revealed that alkylation goes on more polarized thiogroup in position 2 and corresponding 2-alkylthio-1,3,4-oxadiazoles were obtained in high yields. Structure of novel synthesized compounds confirmed by physical methods of research as UV-, IR- and 1H NMR-spectroscopy. Primary in vitro biological activity have been studied and it was found that all obtained S-alkyl derivatives have weak activity against bacteria Xanthomonas malvacearum and fungicidal activity against fungi Fusarium oxysporum
Ecological Survey of Phanerophytes on Federal College of Education (Technical) Gombe Campus, Gombe-Nigeria
Get PDFFor effective teaching-learning process in any institution of learning, suitable conditions of both teaching materials and environmental condition are of paramount importance. Environmental condition plays a vital role, positively or otherwise, in effective teaching-learning process. This study surveyed phanerophytes on federal college of education (Technical), Gombe campus. Four sites were selected using deliberate sampling technique namely, Administrative block, Students’ hostels, Classes area and Staff quarters. Results obtained identified 14 different species of phanerophytes belonging to 11 families with the highest record of species diversity at Staff quarters. Higher values of relative density, basal area, relative dominance and importance value indices were recorded on Azadirachta indica and Parkia biglobosa. Importance value indices suggested Azadirachta-Parkia type of vegetation complex on the college campus. Introduction of exotic species in afforestation program was recommended for FCET, Gombe so as to increase the vegetation cover of the college campus among other recommendations
Behavior of Goal Programming with Heavy Tailed Distribution
Get PDFGoal programming (GP) is an extension of linear programming (LP). The GP is an important technique for decision makers. Goal programming technique has a useful advantage in minimize the unwanted deviations between the achievement of goals and their aspiration levels. The purpose of regression analysis is to expose the relationship between a response variable and predictor variables. In real applications, the response variable cannot be predicted exactly from the predictor variables. The response for a fixed value of each predictor variable is a random variable. For this reason, the behavior of the response may be summarized for fixed values of the predictors using measures of central tendency. Typical measures of central tendency are the average value (mean), the middle value (median) or the most likely value (mode). The main purpose for this study is to compare between two statistical method and one operation research method when these method used to estimate multiple linear regression equation with heavy tailed distribution. A simulation study based on four performance indexes to evaluate the performance of the three methods. The study suggested root mean square error with respect to the median (RMSEM) to use as a criteria to compare between three methods under consideration. The aim of this study is to study the behavior of goal programming and OLS, ALV to estimate the parameter of simple linear regression