Journal of Basic and Applied Research in Biomedicine
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About the Direction of Selective Alkylation and Cyanoethylation of Benzimidazoles, Benzothiazoles and Benzopyrimidines
Get PDFSelective alkylation and cyanoethylation of 2H(methyl) benzimidazoles (1, 2), benzimidazolin-2-one (3) and -2-thione (4), benzothiazolin-2-thione (5) and 2-methyl-benzopyrimidin-4-one (6, 2-methylquinazolin-4-one) have been studied. It was found that in the case of alkylation of 2H(methyl)benzimidazoles and benzimidazolin-2-thione by aliphatic halogen carboxylic acid esters and / or amides reaction leads to the formation of selectively N3- and S-alkyl derivatives. Interaction of benzothiazolin-2-thione and 2-methyl-benzopyrimidin-4-one with acrylonitrile takes place mono-cyanoethylation, but in the case of benzimidazolin-2-one takes place di-cyanoethylation reaction. It was revealed that formation of mono- and / or di-substituted products 7-13 dependence on the structure of starting compounds and the reaction conditions (reaction temperature and time, ratio of reagents). It should be noted that the obtained compounds are important synthons for further investigations. The structure of synthesized compounds (7-13) was confirmed by IR- and 1H NMR-spectroscopy
Formulation and Evaluation of Biopolymer Based Buccal Film of Diclofenac Sodium
Get PDFBuccal drug delivery gives easier and safe method of drug administration because in case of toxicity it can be terminated by simply removing the dosage form from buccal cavity. The buccal film of diclofenac sodium was prepared for systemic delivery by solvent casting method using sodium alginate and Ocimum Basilicum mucilage. Then film was evaluated for parameter like physical appearance, surface texture, mass uniformity, thickness, folding endurance, drug content and in vitro drug release. The results of evaluation test reveals that prepared film was smooth, have adequate folding endurance. The film shows percentage cumulative drug release of 67.57% at the end of 4 hrs
Batch and flow injection spectrophotometric determination of procaine-HCl using diazotization-coupling reaction
Get PDFThis paper involves batch and flow injection spectrophotometric determination of procaine-hydrochloride in pharmaceutical formulations. These methods were based on the diazotization reaction of procaine-HCl with sodium nitrite and hydrochloric acid to form diazonium salt, which is coupled with 8-hydroxyquinoline in alkaline medium to form orange-pink water soluble azo dye that was stable and has a maximum absorption at 509 nm. In batch method Beer’s law was obeyed in the concentration range of (0.8 - 8.0 µg/mL) and detection limit of 0.12 µg/mL with a correlation coefficient (r) of 0.9954 and a molar absorptivity of 2.0814x104 L mol-1cm-1. The flow injection analysis (FIA) system was applied for determination of procaine-HCl. The calibration graph is linear in the concentration range of (2.0 – 50 µg/mL) with detection limit (0.75 µg/mL) and correlation coefficient of (0.9927). The precision and accuracy of both methods were checked by calculating relative standard deviation (RSD) and relative error (E %) for two different levels of concentration
Assessment of Protective Potentials of Ficus Exasperata Leaf on Arsenate-Mediated Dyslipidemia and Oxidative Damage in Rat’s Brain
Get PDFThis study investigated the protective potentials of methanolic leaf extract of Ficus exasperata on sodium arsenate-mediated dyslipidemia and oxidative damage in the brain of rats. Twenty-eight rats were sorted into four groups containing seven rats each. Group A (control) received distilled water while 10 mg/kg bw of arsenic in form of sodium arsenate (As) was administered intraperitoneally to groups B, C and D. Group C and D were treated with oral administration of 100 mg/kg bw and 200 mg/kg bw of F. exasperata leaf respectively for 14 days. Arsenate administration resulted in dyslipidemia as shown by significant elevation (P<0.05) in total cholesterol, triglycerides, LDL-cholesterol and coronary heart disease risk ratio while it also reduced HDL-cholesterol in the rats. It also causes lipid peroxidation and oxidative damage in the brains of the rat with significant elevation of malondialdehyde level and decrease in levels of reduced glutathione, glutathione s-transferase, catalase and superoxide dismutase. Histology of the cortex region of brain of the rats treated with arsenate showed abnormal neuronal morphology with neuronal degeneration and necrosis. However, treatment with F. exasperata significantly reversed and attenuated the arsenatemediated biochemical alterations. We demonstrated in this study that F. exasperata leaf effectively protects against arsenate-induced dyslipidemia and oxidative damage in rat’s brain
Medicinal and Cultural Utilization of Spondias mombin and Rauwolfia vomitoria in Ejigbo Nigeria
Get PDFPlants are crucial in human health and welfare especially in the developing African countries. Medicinal and cultural importance of Spondias mombin and Rauvolfia vomitoria were investigated in this study. A pre-tested questionnaire was used to extract information from Ninety nine (99) purposively selected informants in six communities. Resulting data was analyzed using simple frequency, utilization tables, charts and Pearson correlation analysis on SPSS package. Results showed that 93.9% and 97.0% of the respondents have lived in the area for more than five years and are familiar with the study plants respectively. Ethno-medicinal citations revealed stomach disorder (11) and Malaria (9) as the main uses of S. mombin while Malaria (18) and Hemorrhoid (10) are the main ailments managed with R. vomitoria. Non-medicinal uses include; live fences, shade for artisans, edible fruits, carving farm implements handles, local building construction and dye production. There is a significant positive correlation (0.637) in the utilization awareness of S. mombin and R. vomitoria. The plants are perceived to be scarce in the wild while roots were mostly used for local medicine. The two plant species have potentials for development of affordable drugs to stem prevalent malaria infections. Domestication, sustainable harvesting and further research into conservation of the plant species are recommended
Effect of Phenol-Formaldehyde Bonding Agent on Acrylic Resin Impact Strength
Get PDFObjective: evaluating the impact strength of heat-cured acrylic resin material after adding Phenol-formaldehyde (Novolac) as bonding agent material. Materials and Methods: Phenol-formaldehyde blocks were ground into powder, sieved to fine particles to be mixed up with the liquid monomer for 15 minutes, then filtered to be added to the powdered polymer, then the heat-cured acrylic resin was polymerized according to the manufacturer recommendation. Sample of 40 specimens were divided into four main groups (no= 10), Group (A) for heat-cured acrylic resin processed without any additive agent (control group); Group (B): heat-cured acrylic resin processed after adding of 2.5gm of Phenol-formaldehyde powder, Group (C): heat-cured acrylic resin processed with 5gm of Phenol-formaldehyde powder, and Group (D): heat-cured acrylic resin processed with 10gm of Phenol-formaldehyde powder. All the specimens were processed and polymerized by water-bath curing technique and using short curing cycle of 3h. The statistical analysis of variation (ANOVA) and (Games-Howell) test was used at P-value of (P≤0.05). Results: there was a statistically significant difference between the heat-cured acrylic denture base resins that polymerized without additives and that cured with adding of Phenol-formaldehyde as a chemical agent. Conclusion: the heat-cured acrylic resin that polymerized with 2.5gm of Phenol-formaldehyde have the same effect on the impact strength as that polymerized with 5gm of Phenol-formaldehyde
Biochemical and nutritional composition of garden snail (Limicolaria flammea) flesh consumed in Côte d’Ivoire
Get PDFInvestigations about biochemical composition and nutritional value of snail meat are few. Research was conducted on flesh flour from snail (Limicolaria flammea) collected in Agboville (South, Côte d\u27Ivoire). The proximate composition showed that snail (Limicolaria flammea) flesh flour was rich in protein (46.65±0.05 %) and low in fat (8.64±0.6 %), total carbohydrate (8.20±0.01 %) , total sugars (7.8±0.25 %) reducing sugars (7.23±0.04 %) and ash (6.23±0.01 %). The major minerals were phosphorus (3365.33±0.33 mg/Kg), calcium (1654.54±0.06 mg/Kg) potassium (1324.54± 4.18 mg/Kg) and sodium (668.69±1.13 mg/Kg). The major vitamins were vitamin B9 (21.56±0.17 µg/100g), vitamin C (18.34±1.30 µg/100g) and vitamin E (18.12±2.1 µg/100g). The chromatographic profile of amino acids revealed fifteen amino acids of which five are the dominant ones. Those are lysine (2.38±0.01 mg/100g), valine (1.45±0.02 mg/100g), methionine (1.26±0.03 mg/100g), isoleucine (1.24±0.01 mg/100g), leucine (1.05±0.01 mg/100g), the others have contents lower than 1mg /100g. Oxalate and phytate anti-nutritional parameters are non-existent in flour and tannins content was 0.18±0.01 mg/100g
Comparative Studies on the Phytochemical Constituents and in vitro Antioxidant Activities of Methanol and Ethyl Acetate Leaf Extracts of Talium Trangulare
Get PDFMedicinal herbs have been known for their use as an alternative medicine in the management and treatment of different categories of diseases. The present study was designed to assess the phytochemical constituents present in methanol and ethylacetate leaves extract of Talium trangulare and its antioxidant potentials against free radicals comparatively. The functional groups of the phytochemicals were carried out using FTIR techniques while the phytochemical component of the extract was determined by standard methods. The comparative studies of antioxidant abilities of methanol and ethylacetate leaves extracts of Talium trangulare were evaluated by various antioxidant assays, including 1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH), hydrogen peroxide, hydroxyl radicals, scavenging activities. These different antioxidant activities were compared with standard antioxidants compounds such as ascorbic acid and Gallic acid. The total phenolic content in ethylacetate extract is higher than what was obtained from methanol extract of Talium trangulare, however, methanol extract has higher tannins and flavonoids content. The methanol extract was found to have demonstrated high reduction capability and powerful free radical scavenging, especially against DPPH radical and hydrogen peroxide as compared with the ethylacetate leaves extract. The results that was obtained in the present study clearly established the antioxidant potency of both ethylacetate and methanol leaf extracts of Talium trangulare. The methanol extract shows better antioxidant activities and more flavonoids and tannin than the ethylacetate extract. In conclusion, the methanol leaf extract of Talium trangulare has comparatively better in vitro antioxidant potentials with corresponding phytochemical content than ethylacetate extract
The Impact of Transformational Leadership of CEOs and Organizational Health of Private Higher Education Institution Academicians in Malaysia.
Get PDFThis study aimed to determine the level of transformational leadership practices by PHEIs CEO’s in the state of Selangor, Malaysia. The four dimensions of transformational leadership studied were individual consideration, intellectual stimulation, inspirational motivation and idealized influence. The study also looks at the level of lecturers’ job satisfaction as well as the relationship with the practice of transformational leadership style by the CEOs. The respondents consisted of 465 lecturers employed in 15 PHEIs in the Klang Valley district, Selangor. The data obtained was analyzed using SPSS version 20.0. Descriptive analysis and Pearson Correlation Coefficient were used to analyze the strength of the relationship. The results provided an extent of support to the main hypothesis; CEOs that practiced transformational leadership do have an impact on the job satisfaction of lecturers. Main implications are discussed and directions for future research are also provided
A Study on Tourist Places in Nagapattinam District-Tamilnadu
Get PDFTourism is travel for recreational, leisure, or business purposes, usually of a limited duration. Tourism is commonly associated with trans-national travel, but may also refer to travel to another location within the same country. The World Tourism Organization defines tourists as people "traveling to and staying in places outside their usual environment for not more than one consecutive year for leisure, business and other purposes". Tamilnadu rich with scenic beauty is located at the southern part of india. Resourceful with all kind of verities including temples, wild life sanctuaries, waterfalls, cosmopolitan cities, valleys, hill resorts, beaches etc..., tamilnadu is a must visit state in india for all tourist enthusiasts and will not get disappointed. From chennai to kanniyakumari, tamilnadu has the most beautiful and amazing coastal landscape (Especially, marina beach, nagapattinam (kodikkarai), thanuskodi and kanniyakumari). This research Paper focus on the tourist places in nagapattinam district.