Journal of Basic and Applied Research in Biomedicine
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Biological Value of Centaurea damascena: Minireview
Get PDFThe family Asteraceae include large number of Centaurea species which have been applied in folk medicine. One of the family Asteraceae members is the Centaurea damascena which authentically been tested for its antibacterial activity. The aim of the study was to discuss antibacterial activities of essential oil composition and methanolic extract of the same plant aerial part leaves. Thirty-seven components were characterized with 86% of oxygenated terpenes. The composition was dominated by 11.45% Fokienol, 8.8% thymol, 8.21% Alpha Terpineol, 7.24% Chrysanthemumic acid, 7.13% Terpinen-4-ol and 6.59% Borneol with a high degree of polymorphism in the occurrence of these compounds as compared with the different species of centaurea.. Free radical scavenging capacity of the C. damascna methanol extract was calculated by DPPH and FRAP test. DPPH radicals were scavenged with an IC50 value of 17.08 µg /ml. Antioxidant capacities obtained by the FRAP was 51.9 and expressed in mg Trolox g-1 dry weight. The total phenolic compounds of the methanol extracts of aerial parts, as estimated by Folin–Ciocalteu reagent method, was about 460 mg GAE/ g. The phenolic contents in the extracts highly correlate with their antioxidant activity, (R2 = 0.976) confirming that the antioxidant activity of this plant extracts is considerably phenolic contents-dependent. 
Formulation and Evaluation of Pulsatile Drug Delivery System of Atenolol
Get PDFThe objective of the present study was formulation and evaluation of pulsatile release tablets of Atenolol. A tablet system consisting of cores which was coated with layers of swelling and rupturable coatings. Cores containing Atenolol as model drug were prepared by direct compression with appropriate ratios of lactose and microcrystalline cellulose and then coated sequentially with different ratios of an inner swelling layer containing HPMC and an outer rupturable layer of Ethyl Cellulose. The effect of level of swelling layer and rupturable coating was investigated. The different formulation press coated by using different weight ratios of Hydroxy Propyl Methyl Cellulose (HPMC) / Ethyl Cellulose (EC) / both HPMC and EC. The optimum result was achieved in formulation containing HPMC: EC weight ratios. The F3 batch achieved a highest burst release after the lag time which is applicable pulsatile drug delivery system of Atenolol
Sparse Matrix Approach in Neural Networks for Effective Medical Data Sets Classifications
Get PDFIn this paper, a hybrid intelligent system that consists of the sparse matrix approach incorporated in neural network learning model as a decision support tool for medical data classification is presented. The main objective of this research is to develop an effective intelligent system that can be used by medical practitioners to accelerate diagnosis and treatment processes. The sparse matrix approach incorporated in neural network learning algorithm for scalability, minimize higher memory storage capacity usage, enhancing implementation time and speed up the analysis of the medical data classification problem. The hybrid intelligent system aims to exploit the advantages of the constituent models and, at the same time, alleviate their limitations. The proposed intelligent classification system maximizes the intelligently classification of medical data and minimizes the number of trends inaccurately identified. To evaluate the effectiveness of the hybrid intelligent system, three benchmark medical data sets, viz., Hepatitis, SPECT Heart and Cleveland Heart from the UCI Repository of Machine Learning, are used for evaluation. A number of useful performance metrics in medical applications which include accuracy, sensitivity, specificity. The results were analyzed and compared with those from other methods published in the literature. The experimental outcomes positively demonstrate that the hybrid intelligent system was effective in undertaking medical data classification tasks
Potential Antimicrobial Activity of Marine Sponge Neopetrosia exigua
Get PDFNeopetrosia exigua has received great attention in natural product chemistry. The diversity of N. exigua constituents has been demonstrated by the continued discovery of novel bioactive metabolites such as antimicrobial metabolites. In this study, in order to localise the active component of N. exigua biomass according to the polarity, a sequential gradient partition with different solvents (n-hexane, carbon tetrachloride, dichloromethane, n-butanol, and water) was performed to obtain fractions containing metabolites distributed according to their polarity. The antimicrobial activities of N. exigua fractions were then evaluated using disc diffusion and microdilution methods (influence on the growth curve, Minimum Inhibitory Concentration (MIC) and Minimum Bactericidal Concentration (MBC)). The results showed that the active metabolites were present in n-hexane, CH2Cl2, n-BuOH, and water fractions. n-hexane, CH2Cl2, and n-BuOH fractions were the most effective fractions. Among microbes tested, Staphylococcus aureus was the most susceptible microbe evaluated. The obtained results are considered sufficient for further study to isolate the compounds represent the antimicrobial activity
Ownership Diversity and Corporate Performance: Evidence from Nigerian Conglomerates Firms.
Get PDFFirm performance comes as a result of the contribution of different factors among which is the shareholding structure of such firm. This paper investigates the impact of shareholding structure on the performance of listed conglomerate firm in Nigeria. The sample of the study is all the 6 firms representing the whole population of the study. The study adopted ex-pot facto research design; using secondary data extracted from the annual report and account of the sampled firms within the period of 2008/2013. Panel multiple linear regression technique was used as a technique of data analysis. The study found that managerial ownership and independent director’s ownership has a negative but strong and significant impact on the performance of listed conglomerate firms in Nigeria, whereas institutional and ownership concentration were found to have a positive, strong and significant impact on the performance of listed conglomerate firm in Nigeria. On the other hand foreign ownership was found to have no significant impact on the performance. It is therefore recommended that management of firms in the conglomerate sub-sector should advice and lobby institutions and individual block holders to subscribe more of their shares as it increase the firm performance, while managers should be discourage by the board to hold a substantial unit of shares by instituting a policy that will restrict the number of their holdings to avoid decrease in performance
The Effect on Lactation of Back Massage Performed in the Early Postpartum Period
Get PDFBackground & Aim: The mother’s milk is by itself a sufficient food for the growth and development of a newly-born baby. Lactation begins after a woman has given birth, and it is thought that hormones, along with the physiological changes which take place, have an effect on this process. The aim of this study was to examine the levels of oxytocin, prolactin and noradrenalin and levels of the Beck Depression Scale in order to determine the effects on lactation of back massage carried out in the early postpartum period. Methods: We randomly assigned 60 women who had a normal delivery into two groups: a massage group and a controlgroup. TheBeck Depression Questionnaire was applied to the groups, and 2 cc blood samples were taken for measurement ofthe levels of prolactin, oxytocin and noradrenalin by the Elisa method.(Milipore Corporation, Billerica, MA, USA). Results: We observed that levels of noradrenalin fell to a statistically significant extent in the massage group compared with the control group (p<0.05), while levels of oxytocin and prolactin rose, but not by a statistically significant amount. We found that the severity of anxiety on the Beck Depression Scale fell significantly in the control group compared to the massage group. Conclusions: Because regularly performed back massage increases the amount of mother’s milk, it will not be necessary to provide supplementary feeding for the baby’s development. As a result individuals will be healthier and there will be no economic losses
Green Synthesis, Biological Evaluation of Newer Benzothiazole Derivatives
Get PDFBenzothiazole is one of the most important heterocyclic compound, weak base, having varied biological activities and still of great scientific interest now a days. They are widely found in bioorganic and medicinal chemistry with application in drug discovery. In the present study some novel benzothiazole derivatives were synthesized under green synthesis by microwave irradiation method by using Phenyliodoniumbis-trifluoroacetate (PIFA) in ethanol according to the scheme. All the synthesized benzothiazole derivatives have been characterized by using elemental analysis, FT-IR, 1HNMR, 13C NMR spectroscopy and further supported by mass spectroscopy. Purity of all the compounds has been checked on thin layer chromatographic plate and HPLC technique. All the synthesized compounds were evaluated for antimicrobial activity by estimating the minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) by adopting serial dilution technique and analgesic activity was examined by using the hot-plate method. All the compounds exhibited moderate to significant antimicrobial and analgesic activities
Schiff bases and schiff base metal complexes: from syntheses to applications
Get PDFThe synthesis and applications of Schiff bases and their metal complexes have attracted much interest and concern in all aspects of chemistry and related fields such as biology and physics. As versatile ligands, Schiff bases are formed when carbonyl compounds (aldehydes or ketones) are condensed with amines. Schiff bases and their metal complexes have been used in quantitative analysis, photometric analysis, flourometry, as potentiometric sensors, in solvent extraction, as solid phase extraction sorbent, in high performance liquid chromatography, in antimicrobial studies, as plant growth regulators, as insecticides, as catalyst, in antifertility and enzymatic activity, as dyes, polymer and other miscellaneous applications. There are limited papers on the applications of Schiff bases and their metal complexes. This review summarizes the preparation of Schiff bases as donors and stabilizers of metals in high oxidation state and their applications
Synthesis and X-ray crystal structure of (E)-9-(N,N-Dimethylaminomethylidene)-8,9-dihydropyrido[2,3-d]pyrrolo[1,2-a]pyrimidin-5(7H)-one
Get PDF2,3-Trimethylenepyrido[2,3-d]pyrimidin-4-one reacts with the Vilsmeier reagent to give α-Dimethylaminomethylidene derivative. X-ray structure analysis has been carried out for the product of the reaction
X-Ray Florescence Analysis (XRF) of Kaolin in the South Eastern Nigeria
Get PDFThe analysis of Kaolin using X-ray Florence analysis was carried out to determine the elements that kaolin are made of , as well as to ascertain Kaolin’s health benefits. There is variation in the concentration of Kaolin in the five South Eastern states of Nigeria. The analysis shows the presence of six (6) major elements (Mg, Ti, Na, K, Fe), six (6) minor elements (V, Mn, Cr, CZn, Rb, Ba) and Seven trace elements (As, Sm, U, Sc, Co, Cs, Th) in the five South Eastern states under studies. The concentrations of most of these elements far exceeds the daily dietary needs or permissible limits of human being and can thus make them toxic unless taken in small doses