Journal of Basic and Applied Research in Biomedicine
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Ultrastructural Study of Muscle Fibers in Experimental Fluorosis
Get PDFThe aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of fluoride on the ultrastructure of skeletal muscle. Wistar albino rats were treated with 300 and 600 mg NaF/ kg bw/day respectively, for 40 days . Group I (Control) was given double distilled water ml/kg bw/day orally for the same period. In control rats, the sarcoplasm was filled with myofibrils and some mitochondria. The sarcomeres showed sarcoplasmic reticulum surrounded by Z- line, A and I-bands. The middle of the sarcomere was marked by M-line situated within lighter H-band. Oval myonucleus with finely dispersed chromatin throughout the nucleoplasm was present. In rats treated with 300 mg NaF/ kg bw/day skeletal muscle showed disorganized myofibrils and disruptions in the continuity of plasma membrane. The undulating sarcolemma and many small electron-lucent vacuoles in the myofibers were noticed. The myofibrils showed disturbed contractile structure with loss of sarcomere organization and indistinguishable. A-band, I-band , and irregular and distorted Z-line with disruption of myofilaments. Irregularly shaped markedly shrunken myonuclei with clumped and marginated chromatin were prominent. The cristae rich mitochondria were larger than those in control. The hypercontraction of myofilaments and mitochondrial swelling were observed in rats given 600 mg NaF/ kg bw/day. The sarcoplasmic reticulum was irregularly dialated forming large electron-lucent areas. The myofibrilar pattern could no longer be distinguished . There was loss of integrity of the basal lamina and plasma membrane, and inflammatory cells were present around the damaged site
Optimal dosage determination of a hypocholesterolemic bitter yam proprietary preparation in diet-induced hypercholesterolemic mice
Get PDFCoronary heart disease, a condition associated with dyslipidemias including hyperlipidemia and low HDL-C levels, has been an increasing problem in the developing world. Conventional treatment for hyperlipidemia often present with unfavourable side effects, leading to the need for development of drugs from natural products. The hypoglycemic and hypocholesterolemic properties of the Jamaican bitter yam have previously been demonstrated however consumption at a high dosage presents with various adverse effects. This study is therefore geared towards the determination of an optimal dosage for the consumption of a proprietary preparation made from this yam species. Hypercholesterolemic mice were fed the preparation at various dosages (4, 2, 1, 0.5%) for 3 weeks after which they were phlebotomized then euthanized. Organs were stored at -80°C until required for analysis. The optimal dosage for supplementation, which resulted in significant decreases in serum cholesterol and oxidative stress without eliciting adverse effects, was found to be 2%. The results from this study points to the need for future in-depth studies involving dietary supplementation at the 2% supplementation level. 
Effects of Post-harvest Storage and Boiling Time on Some Biochemical Parameters of Two Yams Species (Dioscorea cayenensis-rotundata variety "tambi″ and Dioscorea alata variety ‘’azaguié’’) Tubers
Get PDFSamples of two yams species (Dioscore aalata variety ‘’Azaguié’’ and Dioscorea cayenensis-rotundata variety’’Tambi’’) tubers were subjected to different boiling times after post-harvest storage. These yams tubers species were kept for six (6) months after harvest in an aired storage (26.56 ± 3 ºC; 82 ± 5 % RH). Some biochemical parameters such as dry matter, crude protein, crude fat, total sugars and reducing sugars, starch and cellulose were analyzed using standard procedures and methods. Dry matters, reducing sugars and total sugars contents increased significantly (p ≤ 0.05) during preservation from the month 0 to the month 6 at different boiling times and varied from a tuber to another one. Starch content and cellulose content decreased and increased respectively with increased boiling time during preservation from the month 0 to the month 6
Attitudes of Lagos Residents to waste disposal as major causes to yearly flooding
Get PDFThis paper highlights the attitudes of Lagos residents to waste disposal as the major causes to yearly flooding in the city. It also presents data from an evaluation study of environmental sanitation in six communities spread across three Local Government Areas (LGAs) in Lagos State. The data were analysed descriptively using simple percentages. The paper shows that house hold levels seem to be the best way to start addressing the twin issues of waste disposal and flood control in Nigerian cities. The major findings regarding waste disposal relate to vendors, LAWMA, dumping inside gutters and burning. It therefore suggests result/task oriented use of household resources at the community level to tackle the hydra headed problem of waste disposal and thereby control annual floods that maroon Lagos city yearly. Further still, the expected responsibilities of the Household/ Community, Local Government Areas and the State levels in reshaping the attitudes of people at each level are discussed in the paper. By way of conclusion, the need to incorporate this approach into physical planning in the urban areas is highlighted in the paper
Mediating role of self-compassion, emotional regulation on the relationship between, and Psychological Distress
Get PDFObjective: University students experience higher levels of psychological distress compared to the general population. Clark and Watson (1991) introduced the Tripartite Model, proposing that psychological distress is operationalised by depression, anxiety and stress. Although self-compassion and emotional regulation have been shown to be associated with lower levels of psychological distress, the relationship between these variable has been vastly understudied. Method: The study employed a cross-sectional design using online questionnaires measuring emotional regulation, self-compassion and psychological distress (depression, anxiety and stress). Data were collected from 89 Australian university students. Results: As predicted, bivariate correlations found that self-compassion, emotional regulation, and psychological distress (depression, anxiety and stress), were all significantly correlated. Regression analyses highlighted that self-compassion significantly accounted for 44% of the variance of psychological distress; emotional regulation did not significantly account for variance of psychological distress. Following this, three single mediations based on significant correlations were conducted. Mediation analyses found that emotional regulation mediated the relationship between self-compassion and depression. However emotional regulation did not mediate the relationship between self-compassion and anxiety, or self-compassion and stress. Conclusions: The results highlight the mediating role of emotional regulation on self-compassion and depression. Future research is warranted to better understand the role of emotional regulation the depression–intrusion relationship, which may shed light on the clinical applicability of self-compassion targeted intervention for enhancing emotional regulation in university students experiencing depression
The Role of Advertising on the Buying Behavior Consumers Toward of Date Oil Seed With Using TPB
Get PDFThe present study aims to investigate has been implemented of advertising on the buying behavior consumers for date seed oil using theory planned behavior (TPB). The present study is descriptive of the type of correlation. The study population consisted of all consumers in Kerman. The total samples were 384 people in this research that have participate 82 person in the male group c and 302 person in the female group .A multistage cluster sampling method was used to implement the questionnaire. In this research, descriptive statistical methods such as tables, frequency percentages, mean and standard deviations, and normality and hypothesis testing were confirmed. As a result, all hypotheses were confirmed and indicate the positive and significant hypotheses of the advertising on the variables others that advertising is having significantly and positive effect on the attitude, perceived behavioral control and Subjective norm toward consumer buying behavior and at the end of, advertising have the role of a mediator test toward consumer buying behavior
Study of Lipid Profile in Diabetes Mellitus with and without Hypertension
Get PDFIntroduction Alterations in the lipid metabolism have been reported in the subject of diabetes mellitus. They may be influenced by the presence of hypertension. Aims The present study was undertaken to estimate the serum lipids profiles of diabetics with and without hypertension. Study design The study design is experimental with comparative study method, Methodology The sample size taken is 80 which is divided into four groups as A group of 20 healthy individuals of age 20-70 years, other B group of 20 diabetic patients without Hypertension, other C group of 20 hypertensive patients without diabetes and the rest 20 diabetic patients along with hypertension of age 20-70 years of D group. They were matched with respect to various lipid parameters such as total cholesterol, Triglycerides, β: α lipoprotein ratio etc. with control group A. Place and duration of study: the study took place at Santosh group of institutions between August 2013 to August 2016. Result The serum cholesterol levels were significantly higher in hypertensives without diabetics and in diabetics with hypertension as compared to normal controls. No significant difference in the serum triglyceride level was observed among various groups in this study. The β: α lipoprotein ratio was found to be affected in all the groups as compared to controls with maximum ratio in diabetics without hypertension and in hypertension without diabetes. Patients who were suffering from diabetes and hypertension were at a maximum risk of developing atherosclerosis and its complications such as coronary artery disease. Diabetics with hypertension had significant higher levels of cholesterol as compared to that of without hypertension. The diabetics with hypertension had lipid abnormalities because of diabetic element in them rather than the hypertension. All the groups studied except the controls were found to be increasingly susceptible to the risk of atherosclerosis and its complications. This risk was found to be maximum in diabetics with hypertension rather than diabetics or hypertensive’s alone. Conclusion The need for right balanced diet, regular exercise and a stress free life is essential for prevention and management of diabetes and hypertensio
Ameliorative effect of fermented Pentaclethra macrophylla (African oil bean seed) on high fat diet and sucrose drink induced metabolic syndrome in male New Zealand rabbits.
Get PDFThe consumption of nutraceuticals has become progressively popular in improving health, as well as disease treatment and prevention. The aim of this study is to evaluate the ameliorative effect of fermented Pentaclethra macrophylla (African oil bean) seed on high fat diet and sucrose drink induced metabolic syndrome in male New Zealand rabbits. All experimental procedures were carried using standard methods. A total of twenty (20) rabbits were used for this study, the animals were randomly grouped into five (5) groups with four (4) animals each. Metabolic syndrome risk factors obesity, hypertension, dyslipidemia and hyperglycemia were determined. HFD+30%SUC had over 1500g body weight (bwt) and fasting blood sugar (FBS) 239.50±5.74 mg/dl relative to the normal control with 1000±6.73g and 77.00±5.94 respectively whereas ND+30%SUC had lower FBS (l172.50±2.52) compared to HFD+30%SUC. There was a significant p<0.05 increase in body weights in treated groups with 1274±11.19g, 1282.75±4.99g, 1285±4.76g and FBS levels in mg/dL198.25±4.79, 198.75±8.06, 200±3.74 in rabbits compared to untreated HFD+30%SUC. Glycated hemoglobin, and α-Amylase were significantly p<0.05 elevated, glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase levels were significantly p<0.05 reduced, lipid profile markers (HDL, TRIG & CHOL), electrolytes (sodium, potassium, calcium), urea and creatinine levels were significantly p<0.05 altered in HFD+30%SUC exposed group relative to the normal control and ND+30%SUC. However, dietary supplementation with fermented Pentaclethra macrophylla seeds caused weight, FBS, serum lipid reduction and potentiated electrolyte, urea and creatinine levels. Therefore, according to our results, fermented Pentaclethra macrophylla seed is an excellent nutraceutical and its consumption should be encouraged in modifying high fat and elevated intake of sucrose in rabbi
Level of Depression and Suicidal Ideation among BSN Students
Get PDFUndergraduate college students have been identified as at-risk population for development of suicidal ideation and depression. Student nurses are among those who experience depression and anxiety due to stressful life events. The stressful situations encountered by student nurses are multifaceted. Thus, this study explored the level of depression and suicidal ideation of BSN students and the effect of gender and year level. The need to explore these two salient factors was prompted by the need to promote and to improve school of nursing services, student safety, and decrease cases of depression and suicidal ideation among students. The study utilized a descriptive design. There were 326 student nurses who participated in the study. The questionnaire which was used for this study was based on 2 standardized self – report questionnaire. The findings showed that most of the students experienced mild to severe depression. Most of the students however, do not have suicidal ideation behavior, but almost one third of the students have a high risk for suicidal ideation behavior. Furthermore, the findings showed that gender and year level have no significant effect on the level of depression among BSN Students. Gender and year level have no significant effects in the level of suicidal ideation among student nurses. These findings can help guide the development of a school-based, prevention and promotion mental health program
Antibactrial Activity of Asteriscus graveolens Methanolic Extract: Synergistic Effect with Fungal Mediated Nanoparticles against Some Enteric Bacterial Human Pathogens
Get PDFAntibactrial activity of Asteriscus graveolens methanolic extract and its synergy effect with fungal mediated silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) against some enteric bacterial human pathogen was conducted. Silver nanoparticles were synthesized by the fungal strain namely Tritirachium oryzae W5H as reported early. In this study, MICs of AgNPs against E. aerogenes, Salmonella sp., E. coli and C. albicans in order were 2.13, 19.15, 0.08 and 6.38 µg/mL, respectively, while the MICs of A. graveolens ethanolic extract against the same bacteria were 4, 366, <3300 and 40 µg/mL, respectively. The MIC values at concentration less than 19.15 and 40 µg/ml indicating the potent bacteriostatic effect of AgNPs and A. graveolens ethanolic extract. Increasing in IFA was reported when Nitrofurantion and Trimethoprim were combined with Etoh extract with maximum increase in IFA by 6 and 12 folds for, respectively. Also, 10 folds increasing in IFA was reported when trimethoprim was combined with AgNPs: Etoh extract. But, there were no synergistic effect between the antifungal agents (Caspofungin and Micafungin) combined with AgNPs and or A. graveolens ethanolic extract against C. albicans. The potent synergistic effect of A. graveolens ethanolic extract and/or NPs with the conventional antibiotics is novel in inhibiting antibiotics resistant bacteria. In this study, remarkable increasing in the antibacterial activity, when the most resistant antibiotics combined with A. graveolens ethanolic extract and/or NPs was reported