E-Journal Politeknik Negeri Samarinda
Not a member yet
6430 research outputs found
Sort by
Identification of an Expanded Inventory of Green Job Titles through AI-Driven Text Mining
No full textThis study expands the inventory of
green job titles by incorporating a global perspective and
using contemporary sources. It leverages natural language
processing, specifically a retrieval-augmented generation
model, to identify green job titles. The process began with
a search of academic literature published after 2008 using
the official APIs of Scopus and Web of Science. The search
yielded 1,067 articles, from which 695 unique potential
green job titles were identified. The retrieval-augmented
generation model used the advanced text analysis
capabilities of Generative Pre-trained Transformer 4,
providing a reproducible method to categorize jobs within
various green economy sectors. The research clustered these
job titles into 25 distinct sectors. This categorization
aligns closely with established frameworks, such as the U.S.
Department of Labor’s Occupational Information Network, and
suggests potential new categories like green human
resources. The findings demonstrate the efficacy of advanced
natural language processing models in identifying emerging
green job roles, contributing significantly to the ongoing
discourse on the green economy transition
Therapy, Mental Health, and Human Capital Accumulation among Adolescents in Uganda
No full textUsing a cluster-randomized trial,
this paper evaluates the impact of group-based interpersonal
therapy on mental health and human capital accumulation
among adolescent girls in Uganda who were at risk of
moderate or severe depression at baseline. The study was
designed to test whether lay provider–led group-based
interpersonal therapy for adolescents could be effectively
scaled up using modest resources in a low-income country. It
also tested whether a lump-sum cash transfer offered at the
end of therapy provided any additional benefit. The findings
show that group-based interpersonal therapy increased the
share of adolescents with minimal depression by 20-30
percent 12 months after therapy, but these effects
dissipated by the 24-month follow-up. Small short-term
effects on human capital accumulation were also not
sustained at 24 months. Surprisingly, the marginal effect of
providing cash transfers to group-based interpersonal
therapy beneficiaries on mental health was large and
negative, persisting two years after baseline. The paper
provides suggestive evidence that the adolescents were
frustrated by their inability to use the cash toward their
own goals because of the need to divert funds toward the
essential needs of their families during the COVID-19 pandemic
Water for Shared Prosperity
No full textIn 1997, thousands of people gathered
in Marrakesh, Morocco, for the first World Water Forum to
address an urgent problem: the global water crisis. The
meeting resulted in the Marrakech Declaration, a pledge that
called on the World Water Council to develop a “World Water
Vision” for the 21st century. In 2024, thousands are
convening in Bali, Indonesia, for the 10th World Water
Forum. Indonesia and Morocco are worlds apart in many ways.
As the world’s largest archipelago, Indonesia is surrounded
by water. On the other hand, Morocco is partly occupied by
the Sahara, the world’s largest hot desert. However, one
reality these (and many other) countries share is water
stress. The 10th World Water Forum is an invitation to
consider the collective water issues in countries as
different as Indonesia and Morocco and to draw parallels
among them. But it is also about finding solutions This
report makes three major contributions. It (1) provides a
conceptual framework to illustrate the relationship between
water and shared prosperity; (2) presents new empirical
evidence on the drivers, extent and costs of inequalities in
water access, as well as disparities in the impacts of
climate-related water shocks; and (3) identifies policy
responses to improve water access, strengthen climate
resilience, and promote shared prosperity on a livable planet
New Global Evidence from PISA
No full textThe COVID-19 pandemic resulted in
significant disruption in schooling worldwide. This paper
uses global test score data to estimate learning losses. It
models the effect of school closures on achievement by
predicting the deviation of the most recent results from a
linear trend using data from all rounds of the Programme for
International Student Assessment. Scores declined by an
average of 14 percent of a standard deviation, roughly equal
to seven months of learning. Losses were greater for
students in schools that faced relatively longer closures,
boys, immigrants, and disadvantaged students. Educational
losses may translate into significant national income losses
over time
Barriers and Opportunities
No full textAlthough not on track to meet climate
targets, renewables for electricity production are rising
globally, having reached nearly 30 percent of total
electricity generation in 2022. Renewable energy - based
electricity - including solar, wind, hydro, geothermal, and
biomass - are mature, least-cost technologies in the
decarbonization pathways, providing no-regret solutions to
policy makers in the short to medium terms. Non-hydro
renewables make up a mix of energy sources that rose more
than seven-fold in a decade, increasing the percentage of
generation over the last ten years. The findings of this
report informed several World Bank operations in Europe and
Central Asia (ECA) including the ECA renewable energy
scale-up (World Bank ECARES) multiphase programmatic
approach (MPA) to enhance energy security and affordability.
The program was launched in March 2024 with an initial World
Bank lending envelope of US 2 billion dollars, that will aim
to mobilize and enable up to US 6 billion dollars of private
investment in clean energy. The report informed all of the
three pillars of the program including enabling policies and
institutional frameworks, investments to develop flexible
electricity networks, and financing and risk mitigation
instruments for clean energy investments in ECA
Unleashing Indonesia’s Business Potential
No full textAt 5.1 percent in Q1-2024, GDP growth
remains resilient surpassing the middle-income countries’
average. Robust private consumption accounted for 57 percent
of GDP growth. This reflects consumer confidence supported
by softening inflation in nonfood products, the hike in
civil servant wages, and robust performance in consumer
services. Public consumption rebounded in Q1-24 driven by
election related and social spending. This rebound outweighs
the negative contribution to growth of net exports as weak
global demand and commodities price volatility have dampened
exports earnings
Utilisation de vignettes cliniques pour mesurer les compétences des prestataires et renforcer les soins de santé primaires en Côte d'Ivoire
No full textThis paper describes a program in
Côte d’Ivoire designed to assess and enhance the competence
of primary health care providers using clinical vignettes.
The initiative provided training to district supervisors in
113 health districts on how to present patient scenarios to
providers to assess their skills in history taking, physical
exam, diagnosis, treatment and provision of patient advice.
The clinical vignettes covered common topics in maternal and
child health and infectious diseases. Several technical
improvements were applied, including improved organization
and clarity of questions, flexibility in treatment choices,
options for management for rural areas and clearer standards
for what information should be communicated to patients. The
program also aimed to enhance content validity by mapping
vignette questions against national practice guidelines. A
training manual with role-playing exercises was developed.
Supervisors conducted an initial sample of vignettes which
revealed that only 36 percent of providers achieved a
satisfactory score. The Project ECHO virtual learning
platform was then used to address implementation challenges
among district supervisors, who shared ideas for
improvement. Learning sessions with midwives focused on
managing preeclampsia. An electronic tablet tool was also
designed for assessments, allowing data transfer to the
national health information system, and key design features
included offline assessment capability. The paper provides a
comprehensive account of program design, challenges, and
solutions, so that other countries interested in developing
similar programs can learn from this experience.Cet article décrit un programme mis en place en Côte d'Ivoire pour évaluer et
renforcer les compétences des prestataires de soins de santé primaires à l'aide de
vignettes cliniques. L'initiative a permis de former les superviseurs de district dans 113
districts sanitaires sur la manière de présenter des scénarii de patients aux prestataires
afin d'évaluer leurs compétences en matière de consultation, d'examen physique, de
diagnostic, de traitement et de conseils aux patients. Les vignettes couvraient des sujets
dans la santé maternelle, infantile et des maladies infectieuses. Plusieurs améliorations
techniques ont été apportées, notamment une meilleure organisation et une clarté des
questions, la flexibilité dans les choix des traitements, des options de gestion adaptées
aux zones rurales et des normes plus claires concernant les informations à communiquer
aux patients. Le programme visait à renforcer la validité du contenu par l’alignement des
questions des vignettes sur les directives nationales de pratiques actuelles. Un manuel
de formation comprenant des exercices de jeu de rôle a été élaboré. Les superviseurs ont
procédé à un premier échantillonnage de vignettes qui a révélé que seulement 36 pour
cent des prestataires avaient obtenu une note satisfaisante. La plateforme du projet
ECHO a ensuite été utilisée pour revoir les problèmes de mise en œuvre par les
superviseurs de district, qui ont partagé leurs idées pour l’amélioration. Les séances
d'apprentissage avec les sages-femmes se sont concentrées sur la gestion de la prééclampsie. Une application a été développée et téléchargée sur des tablettes pour les
évaluations, permettant aussi le transfert des données vers le système national
d'information sanitaire. Les principales caractéristiques de conception comprenaient la
capacité d'évaluation hors ligne. L'article contient un compte rendu de la conception du
programme, des défis et des solutions, afin que d'autres pays intéressés par l’élaboration
de programmes similaires puissent tirer des enseignements de cette expérience
IFC and Israel, Partners in Private Sector Development
No full textIFC has a longstanding relationship
with Israel’s Ministry of Finance and the Ministry of
Economy and Industry. Israel’s Ministry of Economy and
Industry contributed close to two million to IFC’s
TechEmerge Health Program in India, Brazil and East Africa
between FY16 and FY21. TechEmerge was launched by IFC in
January 2016 in Tel Aviv to connect innovative proven
technology companies from around the world with companies in
emerging markets to conduct local pilot projects and build
commercial partnerships. The goal of the TechEmerge’s Health
program is to drive innovation to improve healthcare
delivery and patient outcomes in emerging markets. IFC works
closely with the Foreign Trade Administration at the Israeli
Ministry of Economy & Industry on the organization of
business development events. Since FY19, IFC has also been
collaborating with Start-Up Nation Central, an Israeli
non-profit in the innovation space, to explore business
opportunities for Israeli start-ups in emerging markets. In
2019 and 2020, IFC held awareness raising events with
Start-Up Nation Central to promote the Financial Times/IFC
Transformational Business Awards, a premier program
recognizing private sector companies that make a difference
in addressing development challenges
A Toolkit Featuring Case Studies for the Design of Subsidies in Off-Grid Solar and Clean Cooking
No full textThis toolkit provides a framework to
design responsible subsidies, building on lessons learned,
considering different contexts and objectives, and balancing
tradeoffs. The way a subsidy is designed will have an impact
on the cost to the government, the speed of rollout, the
number of people reached and its scalability, as well as the
market-distortion and political risks discussed above. The
toolkit provides recommendations on how to inform the
subsidy design, options to set specific parameters
(targeting, subsidy level, delivery, verification, exit or
adjustment), as well as guidelines for communication about
subsidies. It also provides recommendations on monitoring,
evaluation, and adaptation mechanisms. This toolkit is
primarily focused on subsidies for the purchase of off-grid
solar products and clean cookstoves; it is limited in its
application to fuel or electricity subsidies. Off-grid solar
electrification is making the most progress through the
selling of devices to end users (on cash or credit through
mechanisms such as Pay-As-You Go). This toolkit draws
primarily from the experience of subsidizing such sales and
is therefore most applicable for the design of subsidies for
product purchase. The report however acknowledges the
importance of emerging Fee-for Service or
Electricity-as-a-Service models, and most of the
recommendations in this toolkit are also suitable for these
models. However, they are not cited as prominently.
Similarly, this toolkit is most applicable to subsidies for
the purchase of improved and clean cooking devices. Less so
for subsidies for fuels, such as liquefied petroleum gas
(LPG), or the electricity consumed by electric cooking devices
International Debt Report 2024
No full textFor more than five decades, the World Bank’s premier annual publication on debt, now titled the International Debt Report (IDR), along with the associated International Debt Statistics (IDS) database, have helped shape policies in development finance by sharing timely and comprehensive external debt data and analysis with the international community. Drawing on data collected through the World Bank’s Debtor Reporting System, this publication has kept pace with evolving borrowing patterns and new lending instruments, measured the impact of initiatives to relieve debt burdens, and promoted best practices in debt recording and reporting.
Each year the report presents timely analysis of evolving trends in external debt stocks and flows of low- and middle-income countries (LMICs), as well as issues and challenges for development finance. The IDS database provides comprehensive information on external debt stocks and flows of public and private borrowers in LMICs by borrower and creditor, the terms on which external loans are contracted, current and future debt service, and debt indicators in relation to key economic variables.
IDR 2024 encompasses: (1) a two-page foreword signed by the World Bank’s chief economist; (2) key takeaways from the report; (3) analysis of external debt stocks and flows for 2013–2023; (4) the macroeconomic and debt outlook for 2024 and beyond; (5) the debt transparency agenda: moving it forward; and (6) one-page summaries per country, plus global, regional and income-group aggregates showing debt stocks and flows, relevant debt indicators and metadata for 5 years (2019–2023). For more information on IDR 2024 and related products, please visit the World Bank’s Debt Statistics website at www.worldbank.org/debtstatistics