E-Journal Politeknik Negeri Samarinda
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Barrier or Opportunity? How Trade Regulations Shape Colombian Firms’ Export Strategies
No full textFirms increasingly must contend with
trade regulations to access foreign markets. This paper
quantifies the relative importance of trade regulations and
their heterogeneous effects for Colombian firms exporting to
Latin America between 2007 and 2017, focusing on specific
types and channels. Using panel evidence from a firm-level
gravity model with a difference-in-differences
identification strategy, technical barriers to trade and
quantity control measures both decrease trade on average.
Other non-tariff measures and tariffs play a minor role. The
technical barriers to trade and quantity measures reallocate
trade from small to big firms. The same mechanism benefits
firms participating in global value chains. However,
quantity controls make it more likely that big firms will
leave export markets to the benefit of smaller ones. The
results control for the endogeneity of trade regulations and
are robust to the use of different samples and measures of
firm size
Job Creation Potential of the Clean Energy Transition - Case Study
No full textThe Regional Rusumo Falls
Hydroelectric Project (RRFHP) is located in the Nile
Equatorial Lakes (NEL) Region of Africa which is a part of
the larger Nile River Basin (NRB) region. The NEL-region
consists primarily of six countries, of which three,
Burundi, Rwanda, and Tanzania, are the beneficiary countries
of the Regional Rusumo Falls Hydroelectric Project. The
objective of this case study is to assess the employment
potential of the RRFHP focusing on the investigation of jobs
created by the construction and operation of the power plant
(construction-related jobs) as well as by activities linked
to local area development projects (associated direct jobs),
project documentation was reviewed and interviews with key
project stakeholders were conducted. The results are
presented in this report
Approaches and Insights from Recent Technical Assistance
No full textThis report takes stock of political
economy analysis (PEA) and communications in the context of
country-specific technical assistance activities supporting
energy subsidy reforms that benefited from financial and
technical support from ESMAP. Initiated as part of a
retrospective assessment of technical assistance activities
that ESRF has supported since its establishment, this report
reviews designs and implementation approaches of World
Bank–executed technical assistance activities. The
assessment is based on a qualitative review of key outputs of
select PEA and communications support activities carried out
in the context of country grants. The report documents
different approaches, assesses activity designs and outputs,
and attempts to draw insights from emerging practices and
substantive findings, along with making recommendations
for future work. Key questions include, What practical
approaches are used for providing technical and advisory
support to developing-country governments for political
economy assessments and communications strategies in support
of energy subsidy reform efforts? What good practice examples
are available for assessing political economy dimensions,
using them to inform reform designs by addressing key impacts
and concerns identified and conducting meaningful
stakeholder engagement to explain the reform and build support
Uzbekistan Climate Adaptation and Resilience Assessment
No full textThis report is part of the support
package for Uzbekistan to realize an Inclusive Green Growth
Transition. The recent Presidential Decree No. PP-436
02.12.2022 “On measures aimed at increasing the
effectiveness of reforms with the goal of transition of the
Republic of Uzbekistan to a ‘green’ economy until 2030”
shows the country’s resolve to achieve sustainable growth.
This report uses the adaptation principles to perform an
economy-wide assessment of Uzbekistan’s adaptation and
resilience. The report aims to identify key gaps and propose
critical actions and policy recommendations that will
facilitate the transition towards a ‘green’ economy by 2030.
The report analyzes the foundation for inclusive economic
growth, existing mechanisms to facilitate the adaptation of
people and firms, and policies and actions to adapt land use
and protect critical public assets and services. It also
explores how the system helps firms and people manage
residual risks and natural disasters and investigates how
financial and macro-fiscal issues are managed. Lastly, this
report explores Uzbekistan’s current prioritization,
implementation, and progress monitoring system of adaptation
and resilience
ESG Integration at the Government Pension Fund of Thailand
No full textThis report describes the ESG
integration practices at GPF as a practical example of how a
pension fund can integrate ESG considerations into its
investment practices and processes. The report focuses on
the incorporation of ESG issues into our investment analysis
and decision-making process. Other elements of responsible
investing such as active ownership and ESG disclosure
practices whilst also key to GPF’s overall approach, are not
discussed in detail in this report. The report is a product
of technical co-operation between teams from GPF and the
World Bank. The report starts by providing some background
information on GPF, including its investment philosophy and
an overview of ESG investment philosophy before detailing
the GPF ESG Score methodology. It then describes how the GPF
ESG Score methodology is applied to equity and fixed-income
investments, followed by an overview of how GPF ensures that
ESG considerations are integrated into the selection,
appointment and monitoring of external managers. It
concludes with some reflections on the landscape of
responsible investment and identifies areas where GPF
expects to improve its investment process in the coming years
Building Women's Skills for Economic Inclusion and Resilience
No full textCan skills-based programs promote
women’s economic inclusion This study randomizes access to a
program teaching entrepreneurship skills in rural Uganda.
The program covers record-keeping, identifying business
opportunities, raising capital, and soft skills like
perseverance and confidence, but it provides no access to
cash or capital. Treated women are 17 percent more likely to
generate income from their own businesses 18 months
post-program. They heavily re-invest in their businesses.
High-frequency data show that treated women also fare
significantly better during the COVID-19 lockdown than women
in the control group. Exploiting social network data, this
paper detects positive network-based spillovers to the
control group and provides novel tools to adjust estimates
accordingly. Although the program is not transformative, the
results indicate an important role for skills-based
programming in efforts for economic inclusion among rural,
low-income women
Evidence from Rwandan Coffee Mills
No full textThis paper examines the medium-term
effects of policy- driven income shocks on human capital
accumulation in low-income environments. Using
administrative data on test scores of the universe of
primary school students in Rwanda and the staggered rollout
of coffee mills in the country, it shows a positive
spillover effect of the coffee mills on students’
performance. Early life exposure to coffee mills is
associated with a 0.09 standard deviation (4 percent)
increase in student test scores. Improvements in household
welfare, child health, and school attendance are likely
operative channels of impact
The Role of North-South and South-South Trade
No full textThis paper contributes to the
discussion on Africa's pathways to economic
transformation by examining the roles of trade
patterns—specifically, South-South and North-South
trade—focusing on intermediate and capital goods sourced
from both the Global North and the Global South. The paper
relies on a panel dataset comprising 44 African countries
from 2000 to 2022. To address endogeneity concerns, it uses
a two-stage least squares method, employing instrumental
variables that leverage exogenous changes in trading partner
conditions. Findings from the analysis indicate that
imported capital and intermediates significantly predict
economic transformation in Africa. However, the impact of
imports from the Global North and the Global South varies
depending on the specific channel of economic
transformation. Imports from the Global South are more
influential in driving structural change, while those from
the Global North are more effective in facilitating
productivity convergence. This divergence highlights the
distinct roles that North-South and South-South trade play
in Africa’s economic transformation agenda. The findings
underscore the importance of a nuanced trade policy that
leverages the strengths of both regional and global trade
partners to advance Africa's economic transformation
Delivering Education in the Midst of Fragility, Conflict, and Violence (FCV)
No full textEnsuring a safe environment for
children to learn is more than a mission for the WorldBank.
It is an urgent imperative. In large part, the success of
our FCV Strategy is predicated on education. There are few
spheres of development with so much potential to contribute
to violence prevention and peace building. Schooling,
therefore, has a critical role in developing the social
cohesion for stability, as well as the skill base needed for
our client countries to advance in their development and
achieve economic prosperity
Charting the Course for Water Security in Europe and Central Asia - Diagnostic Report
No full textThe Europe and Central Asia region is
highly heterogeneous, and water security challenges vary
widely. Although relatively similar, some challenges are of
a different size, especially given each country's
various geographical, cultural, economic, and political
departure points. This assessment explores the main regional
challenges and opportunities related to water security by
delving into the situations faced by each of the three major
subregions: the Danube, Central Asia, and the South
Caucasus. Despite the region’s heterogeneity, a common theme
many countries share is the low and inconsistent political
priority given to water. This report’s goal is, therefore,
threefold: (a) to raise awareness among policymakers of the
importance of prioritizing water (including allocating
adequate funds) for people, the planet, and economic
prosperity; (b) to stimulate national and regional policy
dialogue to harness water for greater economic, social, and
environmental good; and (c) to offer clear, actionable
recommendations that orient policy makers and sector
practitioners toward sustainable, long-term regional water security