E-Journal Politeknik Negeri Samarinda
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Pengaruh Penambahan Abu Daun Bambu pada Sifat Fisik dan Sifak Mekanis Tanah Lempung
No full textTanah lempung dengan sifat plastisitas yang tinggi, mempunyai kandungan air yang tinggi yang mempengaruhi kekuatan tanah dan kestabilan tanah oleh karena itu diperlukan perbaikan tanah tersebut. Penelitian ini bermaksud untuk menganalisa pengaruh penambahan abu daun bambu pada sifat fisik dan sifat mekanis tanah lempung. Tanah lempung lunak pada penelitian ini menggunakan sampel dengan klasifikasi A-7-5, dengan bahan campur yaitu abu daun bambu yang dihaluskan kemudian disaring dengan saringan nomor 200. Variasi abu daun bambu yaitu 0%, 2%, 6%, dan 10% terhadap berat tanah kering dengan lama pemeraman 0 hari, 7 hari dan 21 hari. Hasil pengujian Atterberg Limit tanah yang dicampur dengan abu daun bambu menurunkan nilai indeks plastisitas tanah, yaitu sebesar 15.89% pada penambahan 10% yang menunjukkan bahwa tanah mengalami perbaikan sifat. Hasil pengujian kuat tekan bebas tanah dicampur dengan abu daun bambu diperoleh nilai optimum pada variasi 2% dengan pemeraman 21 hari, yaitu 2.516 kg/cm2 serta mengalamin penurunan pada variasi 6% dan 10%, yaitu 1.739 kg/cm2 dan 1.563 kg/cm2 pada pemeraman 21 hari. Hasil pengujian CBR tidak rendaman yang dicampur dengan abu daun bambu didapatkan nilai CBR design optimum pada variasi 2% dengan pemeraman 21 hari, yaitu 12% serta mengalamin penurunan pada variasi 6% dan 10%, yaitu 11.5% dan 11% pada pemeraman 21 hari
PENENTUAN KUAT TEKAN OPTIMUM BETON NORMAL MENGGUNAKAN SEMEN PCC DENGAN VARIASI NILAI FAS DAN UMUR BETON
No full textPenelitian ini ditujukan untuk mengukur nilai kuat tekan optimum beton normal menggunakan dua jenis semen PCC merek Tonasa dan Tigaroda. Nilai kuat tekan optimum beton diukur berdasarkan variasi nilai faktor air semen dan umur beton. Penelitian dimulai dengan pengujian material penyusun beton, perancangan komposisi material beton dengan kuat tekan 30 Mpa. Variasi nilai fas yang digunakan yaitu: 0,4, 0,5, dan 0,6. Benda uji adalah selinder dengan ukuran diameter 15 cm dan tinggi 30 cm sejumlah 72 buah. Selanjutnya dilakukan pengujian kuat tekan pada umur 28, 60 dan 90 hari. Hasil penelitian dari kedua jenis semen PCC didapatkan bahwa, semakin kecil nilai fas, maka semakin besar nilai kuat tekan beton. Nilai kuat tekan optimum untuk kedua jenis semen adalah pada nilai fas 0,4 dan umur 90 hari
PERENCANAAN DINDING PENAHAN TANAH TANAH GARDU INDUK 150 KV KECAMATAN TENGGARONG KABUPATEN KUTAI KARTANEGARA KALIMANTAN TIMUR
No full textPerencanaan dinding penahan tanah (DPT) di Kelurahan Timbau Kecamatan Tenggarong Kabupaten Kutai Kartanegara. Kondisi memiliki lereng yang terindikasi terjadi longsor.Perhitungan ini bertujuan untuk menentukan tipe DPT yang sesuai,menentukan dimensinya,menghitung stabilitas geser, stabilitas guling, stabilitas daya dukung tanah, stabilitas kelongsoran,tiang bor serta menghitung penulangannya.Perhitungan stabilitas lereng menggunakan metode irisan Fellinius (1927), koefesien tekanan tanah menggunakan teori Coulomb, daya dukung tanah menggunakan teori Terzaghi (1943), perhitungan tiang bor menggunakan metode Meyerhof (1976;1983) dan penulangan menggunakan SNI 03-2847-2002.Ketinggian lereng mencapai 9,4 meter, maka DPT tipe kantilever dengan model trap dengan dimensi trap 1, H = 6,0 m, B = 4,2 m dan D = 0,6 m dan dimensi trap 2, H = 6,0 m, B = 4,2 m dan d = 0,6 m. Didapatkan nilai trap 1 yaitu FKgeser = 1,512 ; FKguling = 1,838; FKDDT = 2,778 dan Didapatkan nilai trap 2 yaitu FKgeser = 1,507 ; FKguling = 1,899 ; FKDDT =2,844.Digunakan pondasi tiang bor untuk memperkuat daya dukung tanahnya dengan diameter trap 1 = 0.4 m dengan panjang = 8 m dan diameter trap 2 = 0.4 m, dengan panjang = 4 m. Bahan material yang digunakan adalah beton bertulang untuk kedua trap dengan tulangan momen D22 mm dan tulangan bagi D13
Penanganan Kerusakan Melintang Pada Perkerasan Kaku Paket I.4 – Pembangunan Jalan Kawasan Industri Terpadu (KIT) Batang
No full textPembangunan Jalasan Kawasan Industri Terpadu (KIT) Batang yang menghubungkan jalan di Kawasan Industri Terpadu (KIT) Batang dengan jalan nasional atau jalan Pantai Utara (Pantura) serta jalan kabupaten. Pada proyek tersebut terdapat pekerjaan pekerasan kaku yang telah dilaksanakan. Seiring berjalannya waktu terdapat beberapa kondisi yang terjadi dalam setiap pekerjaan. Salah satunya terjadinya kerusakan material jalan.Retak melintang (transverse cracking), retak yang terjadi pada arah lebar perkerasan dan hampir tegak lurus sumbu jalan atau arah penghamparan. Retak melintang biasanya tidak terkait dengan beban lalu lintas. penyusutan lapis beraspal atau karakteristik aspal dan temperatur, bukan akibat beban lalu lintas. Kasus kerusakan retak melintang (transversal cracking) pada Proyek Paket I.4 Pembangunan Jalan Kawasan Industri Terpadu (KIT) Batang terjadi pada (STA 6+685 L2) dilakukan penanganan dengan menggunakan PCC Joint and Crack Sealing dan Dowel Retrofitting. Sedangkan pada (STA 0+465 R2) dilakukan penanganan dengan menggunakan PCC Joint and Crack Sealing dan Partial Depth Repair
Tunisie Bulletin de Conjoncture Économique, Automne 2024: Equité et Efficacité du Système Fiscal Tunisien
No full textThe Tunisian economy experienced a
modest growth of 0.6 percent in the first half of 2024,
following zero growth in 2023. By the end of 2024, Tunisia
is projected to be the only country in its region with a
real GDP still below pre-pandemic levels. The limited
recovery in agriculture, coupled with declines in the oil
and gas, garments, and construction sectors, hindered
economic growth. Below-average rainfall restricted
agricultural growth, which only recovered a third of the
significant losses from the first half of 2023. The garment
sector suffered due to reduced demand from the European
Union, Tunisia's main export market. Oil and gas
production continued its decade-long decline due to a lack
of new investments, and the construction sector was impacted
by limited domestic demand and challenging external
financing conditions.L’économie tunisienne a connu une
une croissance modeste de 0,6 % au premier semestre 2024,
après une croissance nulle en 2023. D’ici fin 2024, la Tunisie
devrait être le seul pays de sa région à afficher un
Le PIB réel reste inférieur aux niveaux d’avant la pandémie. Le nombre limité de
reprise de l’activité agricole, conjuguée à la baisse de la production pétrolière
et les secteurs du gaz, de l’habillement et de la construction,
croissance économique. Pluviométrie inférieure à la moyenne limitée
la croissance agricole, qui n’a récupéré qu’un tiers de la
pertes importantes par rapport au premier semestre 2023. Le vêtement
a souffert de la baisse de la demande de la part des
le principal marché d’exportation de la Tunisie. Pétrole et gaz
La production a poursuivi sa baisse de dix ans en raison d’un manque
de nouveaux investissements, et le secteur de la construction a été touché
en raison d’une demande intérieure limitée et d’une demande extérieure
conditions de financement
An Overview of How Environmental and Climate Factors Increasingly Shape Ethiopia's Economic Outlook in Selected Value Chains
No full textEnvironmental and climate factors
play an increasing role in shaping Ethiopia’s economic
competitiveness, and this report aims to provide an overview
of these shifts. This novel report is a high-level
assessment of how certain factors could affect Ethiopia’s
economic competitiveness: (i) supply side impacts of climate
change and environmental degradation, and (ii) demand-side
changes caused by a growing number of sustainability
requirements in key export markets, notably sustainability
regulations and decisions by international buyers.
Concentrating on four sectors that are both critical to
Ethiopia’s economy and exposed to environmental and climate
factors - coffee, textiles and garments, cut flowers, and
aviation - illustrates these shifts. The objective is to
identify cross-cutting trends of how sustainability factors
affect Ethiopia’s economic competitiveness, but the
sector-specific angle helps identify pressing challenges
that policy makers in Ethiopia need to address. Note that
the selected sectors are used to illustrate the trends
described in this report and do not imply a recommended
prioritization. Many other sectors essential to Ethiopia’s
green transformation are not discussed. Moreover, although
the report acknowledges that social and environmental
aspects are deeply intertwined, it does not cover topics
such as occupational health and safety, inclusion, living
wages, and gender rights. The assessment applies a mixed
methods approach by drawing on insights from interviews with
experts conducted online and in person in Ethiopia
(conducted mainly between November 2023 and April 2024),
analysis of trade and economic data, and an extensive
literature review. This report underlines the macro
criticality of green competitiveness for Ethiopia, embedded
in the wider economic and political context
Bhutan Healthcare Costing Analysis
No full textThis report is the outcome of a
costing study undertaken to obtain information about the
costs of delivering health services at different
administrative health care levels in Bhutan, to:Inform the
Ministry of Health about the costs of delivering various
types of services at different levels; • Increase
cost-awareness and knowledge about healthcare delivery costs
among policy researchers and the general public; Support
future evidence-based and informed policy decisions to
increase efficiency of the Bhutanese health sector. The
study reviewed healthcare costs and activities in 9
districts, covering a total of 12 facilities, including: the
National Referral Hospital, the 2 Regional Referral
Hospitals, 4 district hospitals, two 10- bedded hospitals
and 3 primary health centers. The study made use of an
easily replicable methodology to assess the cost of
resources used to provide services covering the 2018/2019
financial year. The study also updates a similar study
undertaken in 2011 for the 2009/2010 financial year. For the
purposes of the study, a costing model was developed using
internationally recognized methodologies that were adjusted
to the Bhutanese health system
Leveraging WTO Accession for Economic Transformation
No full textPreliminary estimates from INETL, the
Timor-Leste National Statistics Office, suggest that the
economy grew by 2.3 percent in 2023, following growth of 2.9
percent in 2021 and 4.0 percent in 2022. The subdued
economic growth in 2023 reflects the fiscal drag and low
budget execution rates resulting from the Parliamentary
Election and subsequent change in government. Private
consumption increased by 3.2 percent, potentially fueled by
substantial remittance inflows. The reliance on public
sector-driven economic activity over the past decades has
exerted a substantial influence on Timor-Leste's labor
market dynamics. In particular, the decline in non-oil per
capita GDP since the political impasse in 2017 has been
reflected in a decrease in labor productivity. Accordingly,
wage levels have significantly decreased, with those
possessing higher levels of education experiencing a steeper
decline. Persistent slow budget execution continues to
hinder economic performance. By May 2024, approximately 25
percent of the total Central Government budget and 6 percent
of the Capital and Development budget had been expended.
These figures align with historical average execution rates
of 25 percent and below 11 percent for the respective
categories between 2015 and 2024. Substantially higher
execution rates are necessary, though not necessarily
sufficient, to achieve the desired higher levels of economic
growth. The strengthening of the US dollar has contributed
to an easing of price pressures, yet food inflation remains
persistently elevated. In the first quarter of 2024, the
Nominal Effective Exchange Rates appreciated by 1.0
percentage points due to the global strength of the US
dollar. This partly helped ease inflation in tradable goods,
which decreased to 4.7 percent in the first four months of
this year from an average of 11.9 percent year-on-year
during the same period last year. Nevertheless, despite
stable or slightly increasing prices in most consumption
categories, rice prices have risen substantially, driven by
reduced international supply and slower domestic harvests
due to unpredictable rainfall. The balance of the Petroleum
Fund (PF) remained relatively stable. As of the end of March
2024, the PF's capital was valued at USD 18.45 billion,
representing 11 times of the 2023 GDP, and reflecting a
modest increase of 3.4 percent from USD 17.83 billion at the
same time last year. This growth was driven by higher
than-expected oil and gas prices in 2023, the payment of
petroleum revenues from FY 2022 transferred to the Fund in
FY 2023, and reduced withdrawals due to low budget execution
amid the political transition
Considerations for CDM Methodology Concepts to Article 6.2
No full textThe Clean Development Mechanism (CDM)
under the Kyoto Protocol has seen the development of over
250 project-based methodologies for establishing baseline
emissions, assessing additionality, monitoring project
activities, and measuring & verifying emission
reductions. The implementation of these methodologies over
the years has provided valuable experiences and lessons that
could inform baseline-setting methods under Article 6 of the
Paris Agreement (PA) to ensure environmental integrity,
increased mitigation ambition, and the achievement of
Nationally Determined Contributions (NDCs). In this context,
this approach paper delves into components of CDM
methodologies that require reassessment for the transition
from the Kyoto to the Paris regime. It draws from past CDM
experiences to identify useful insights that can be applied
to the new toolkit. It identifies the key risks
(over-crediting/overselling and risk of perverse incentives)
that need to be addressed, and crucial elements (ratcheting
up of ambition) that need to be considered for robust
Article 6 baseline-setting that aligns with new requirements
under the Paris Agreement. Overall, the paper concludes that
while the portfolio of CDM methodologies can serve as a
reference, baseline setting under Article 6 must go beyond
the CDM baseline determination method that relies on
historical practices and take a forward-looking approach
that considers NDC targets and trajectories and ambition-raising
Results and Lessons Learned from the RO - FLOODS Project
No full textThis document relates to the work
carried out within the RAS on Technical Support for the
Preparation of Flood Risk Management Plans for Romania
Project, also known as the RO - FLOODS Project, and is
directed at professionals working in flood risk management
and in water resources management in the European Union (EU)
and in other regions. It contains chapters dedicated to each
key activity of the RAS (e.g., data acquisition and
processing, data management, flood hazard modeling and
mapping, flood risk assessment and mapping, development of
the programs of measures, promotion and inclusion of green
infrastructure and nature-based solutions, stakeholder
engagement and communication, capacity building etc.) the
main challenges faced, the approach chosen to address them,
the implementation results, and lessons learned