E-Journal Politeknik Negeri Samarinda
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Bridging the Gap in Disaster Risk Financing through Integrating Physical and Financial Resilience: Disaster and Climate Adaptation Financing Framework
No full textDeveloping countries are increasingly vulnerable to natural hazards, which cause extensive human, economic, and infrastructural damage. Between 2000 and 2024, over 7,200 disasters in these countries resulted in 1.25 million deaths, affected more than 4.6 billion people, and caused an estimated US$1.48 trillion in economic losses, accounting for nearly one-third of global disaster-related losses (United Nations Office for Disaster Risk Reduction, 2020) (Centre for Research on the Epidemiology of Disasters, 2021; 2022; 2023; 2024). A more integrated and proactive approach is needed. Building resilience must go beyond standalone physical risk reduction, financial instruments, or post-disaster recovery. It requires a comprehensive system that brings together physical risk reduction and financial solutions. Crucially, in addition to financing investments in physical risk reduction, disaster risk financing strategies and instruments must be embedded within environments and ecosystems that support planning, policy alignment, resilient infrastructure investment, and private sector engagement. Financial tools such as insurance, contingent credits, and recovery loans must be connected to real-world actions that reduce exposure and structural vulnerability, especially in housing and small businesses. To address these challenges, the World Bank’s Global Unit for Disaster and Climate Risk Management (IDURM) and the Global Facility for Disaster Reduction and Recovery have developed the DCAFF. The framework underscores the importance of integrating physical risk reduction efforts with financial solutions. It also offers a flexible, responsible strategy for assessing and enhancing ecosystems for building resilience, ensuring that physical and financial resilience efforts are effectively supported by policies, regulations, and institutional frameworks that maximize their potential impact. It helps countries move from fragmented, reactive responses toward a more proactive, comprehensive approach to disaster resilience
In someone else’s shoes: Reducing prejudice through perspective taking
No full textThis study investigates the effectiveness of online, low-cost, scalable interventions aimed at reducing prejudice against an out-group through the use of perspective taking. We conducted an online experiment in which Colombian natives were randomly assigned to either watch a video documentary about Venezuelan forced migrants crossing the Colombian border on foot or to play an online game that immersed them in the life of a Venezuelan forced migrant. Compared to a control group, both treatments led to increased altruism toward Venezuelans and improved attitudes toward forced migrants. However, only the game significantly boosted self-reported trust. In terms of effectiveness per minute of treatment, the video was at least four times more efficient than the game in enhancing prosociality. Given the video’s comparably shorter duration, greater ease of dissemination, and lower demand for active involvement, it appears a superior option to enhance prosocial behaviors in the short term
Recommendations to the National Roadmap for Electric Mobility Transition
No full textIn December 2021, the Royal
Government of Cambodia (RGC) published Cambodia’s Long-Term
Strategy for Carbon Neutrality (LTS4CN), which outlines the
country’s vision in achieving a carbon-neutral economy by
2050. As part of the long-term strategies to achieve
net-zero emissions, the RGC set targets for decarbonizing
the transportation sector through a combination of measures,
including electrifying 70 percent of motorcycles, and 40
percent of cars and urban buses by 2050. It also aims to
have 30 percent of mode share by public transport in cities
by 2050
Mobility and Development Periodical, Fall 2024
No full textThe fourth edition of the Mobility and Development periodical presents nine stories of how countries have evolved transport sector innovations, policy reform, and technical solutions to improve the quality of life. Opening with big data readiness for urban transport in Latin America, the narrative zooms out to present the potential of drones in the region. After unpacking the fiscal risks of the transport sector, experts unpack pressing urban mobility challenges. Dhaka offers an example of how critical governance can help metropolitan transit agencies deliver value. Keeping inclusion in focus, the next article shows how effective public transportation can boost economic opportunities for women in Middle East and North Africa. Moving to the Europe and Central Asia region offers a perspective of how improved roads influence jobs in rural Armenia. Travelling to Pakistan, authors discuss how to accelerate electric mobility adoption. The final article shows how an economic corridor approach to harness lithium could transform Argentina’s northwest
A World Bank Quality of Life Study in MENA Countries
No full textRacism and discrimination remain
critical barriers to social inclusion and equity with
detrimental effects for individuals, societies, and
economies. Persistent discrimination and exclusion of
marginalized groups reduces innovation and opportunities for
growth, impedes sustainable development, and exacerbates
drivers of fragility and conflict. It affects individuals’
access to markets, services and spaces, hinders their full
realization of rights, and reduces their wellbeing and
quality of life. Strengthening the focus on people who have
been excluded and building socially sustainable communities
and societies requires more systematic and nuanced
understanding of racial discrimination and intersecting
factors of exclusion in different contexts. Context-specific
assessments and tailored solutions are key to addressing
racism and intersecting forms of discrimination in MENA
countries. Racism takes different forms in different MENA
countries, ranging from demeaning stereotypes and
prejudices, discriminatory attitudes and behavior in
everyday interpersonal interactions, exclusion,
marginalization and impoverishment, to structural racism and
discrimination enshrined in legal frameworks, institutions
and policies. Racism also intersects with other forms of
discrimination based on gender, religion, nationality,
sexual orientation, disability, citizenship status, class,
or age which makes particular groups even more vulnerable.
Building on the WBG’s commitments, the study underlines the
importance of promoting inclusion and combating racial
discrimination to improve the quality of life for all
population groups. It specifically calls for targeted
solutions for migrants and displaced persons, recognizing
the high levels of racial discrimination against these
groups in the region. Additionally, gender as an
intersecting factor compounds effects of exclusion,
illustrating the linkages between discrimination and
violence among some populations and underlining the need for
integrated approaches. Amplifying the voices of affected
populations and fostering their meaningful participation in
the design and implementation of programs and policies is a
key recommendation of the report
Place-Based Preferential Policies and Firm Performance
No full textEconomic zone programs are generally
pursued to improve firms' performance within discrete
areas by removing the constraints firms face. Whether or not
they succeed in doing so is an empirical question. This
paper capitalizes on a unique survey of firms within and
outside zones in South Asia to assess the effects of zone
programs on firms’ performance in exports, investment,
employment, and productivity. Adopting a propensity score
matching approach and district-level fixed effects, the
paper explores four questions: whether zones support firm
performance; whether the type of zone makes a difference,
which kinds of public support services matter more, and
whether firms inside zones grow faster. The results show
that (i) being inside a zone positively affects foreign
direct investment and employment, (ii) the effects across
zone types are mixed, (iii) infrastructure and trade
facilitation play a greater role in firm performance than
fiscal incentives and governance facilities, and (iv) firms
inside zones grow faster
The Case of the Producer Support Grant Program in Ukraine
No full textWhile cash transfers have emerged as
an attractive option to minimize negative long-term impacts
of conflict, the scope for targeting and assessing their
impact in such settings is often challenging. This paper
shows how a digital farmer registry in Ukraine (the State
Agrarian Register) helped to target and evaluate such a
program, using the country’s $50 million Producer Support
Grant in a way that largely avoided mis-targeting. The
analysis applies a difference-in-differences design with
panel data from 2019–23 on crop cover at the parcel/farm
level for the universe of eligible farmers registered in the
State Agrarian Register. The findings suggest that the
program significantly increased area cultivated, although
the effect size remained modest. Impacts were most
pronounced near the frontline and for the smallest farmers.
The paper discusses the implications in terms of a more
diversified menu of support options and the scope of using
the State Agrarian Register to help to implement these
options, as well as lessons beyond Ukraine
Stylized Facts from Honduras
No full textThis report uses administrative tax
data on firm-to-firm trade in Honduras to evaluate the
degree of integration between firms receiving
export-oriented tax exemptions and the local economy. We
present five stylized facts regarding firms’ trade networks
in Honduras and show that, across several dimensions, the
networks of firms in export-oriented regimes do not differ
from those of other similarly sized firms. Our findings
challenge the idea that export-oriented regimes benefit
firms with no connections to the local economy
Lessons from the Reconstruction of Hiroshima
No full textThis report examines the multiple
urban crises and their responses, using Hiroshima as a case
study. Hiroshima, which suffered tremendous damage from the
atomic bombing at the end of World War II, faced a number of
institutional and financial challenges but recovered to
become an international city of peace and a core city in
western Japan that attracts many people today. This report
analyzes the recovery process from short-, medium-, and
long-term perspectives and draws lessons for other cities
facing multiple crise
Module II (A) - Improving Public Investment Management to Raise Efficiency to Support Fiscal Adjustment
No full textThis report focuses on Module II(a)
related to raising fiscal space through efficiency
improvements in public investment management (PIM). The
report assessed the performance of the public investment
program and how it can have contributed to the evolution of
fiscal policy over the last decade. It therefore analyzed
the performance of the capital budget and fiscal outcomes;
outlined the gaps in public investment management and makes
recommendations on the priorities for the next phase of PIM
reforms to improve efficiency and create fiscal space. The
diagnostic is based on information and evidence gathered
through desk reviews of government documents and information
gathered through interviews of a wide range of stakeholders
within government, nongovernment organizations and academia,
conducted during December of 2021 and April 2023