E-Journal Politeknik Negeri Samarinda
Not a member yet
6430 research outputs found
Sort by
Soaring Food Prices Threaten Recent Economic Gains in the EU
No full textThe surge in food prices following the 2021 economic rebound has become a significant concern for households, particularly low-income ones, in Bulgaria, Croatia, Poland, and Romania. Food price inflation, which surpasses general inflation rates, risks worsening poverty and food insecurity in these countries. This paper explores the distributional impacts of rising food prices and the effectiveness of government response measures. Low-income households, who allocate a larger share of their income to food, are disproportionately affected and are struggling to cope with unexpected expenses, leading to increased difficulties in accessing proper nutrition. Simulations indicate that rising food prices contribute to higher poverty rates and greater income inequality, especially among vulnerable populations. They also suggest that the main poverty-targeted social assistance schemes offer critical support for the extreme poor, but expanding both coverage and benefits is vital to shield all at-risk individuals. Targeted policies that balance immediate relief with long-term resilience-building are essential to addressing the challenges posed by escalating food prices
Nigeria Country Private Sector Diagnostic
No full textNigeria has the potential to become an economic powerhouse. Its large and growing population and its regional trade ties through the Economic Community of West African States (ECOWAS) offer the potential for expanded markets for goods and services. Nigeria’s population is projected to grow by 45 percent by 2045, one of the largest increases compared to its peers. This should create opportunities for private firms, contributing to jobs and economic growth. The country’s rich agricultural and mineral resources create an opportunity for more private investment in food production and resource-based manufacturing to occur. Furthermore, a young, entrepreneurial workforce positions Nigeria to increase productivity and innovation through digital entrepreneurship. But Nigeria’s economic growth has been slower than its peers, job creation has been modest, and almost half the population still lives below the poverty threshold. There have been some recent promising developments, however. The Central Bank of Nigeria has enacted foreign exchange (FX) reforms that have led to the unification of FX markets and to a market-reflective exchange rate. The Central Bank of Nigeria has also tightened monetary policy and refocused on its core mandate of maintaining price stability. The government has embarked on a revenue-driven fiscal consolidation and tax simplification, including the removal of costly gasoline and FX subsidies. As a result, access to foreign exchange has been reestablished, lowering investment risks. Going forward, Nigeria will need to deepen structural reforms and reduce policy uncertainty. This report looks at four sectors where public policy actions could attract private investment: broadband/fiber-optic infrastructure, pharmaceutical manufacturing, solar, and cassava and soybeans. These sectors were chosen for their private investment potential if major constraints can be addressed, their impact on economic development, and the feasibility of removing constraints in the near term
Nature-based Solutions for Beach Stabilization: Opportunities for the Tourism Sector
No full textThis report explores nature-based solutions (NBS) for beach stabilization within the Blue Economy framework, emphasizing sustainable ocean resource use for economic growth and ecosystem health. Coastal tourism, vital to developing regions and SIDS, benefits from these strategies. Targeting governments and tourism stakeholders, the report offers practical approaches to combat beach erosion, stressing that direct interventions should follow evaluation of non-intervention options. It educates the tourism sector on how NBS can enhance climate resilience and tourism outcomes, detailing erosion processes and methods with added social, environmental, and economic benefits for vulnerable communities with limited resources
IFC’s Sustainably-Managed Forestry Partnership with Suzano S.A.
No full textBrazil has committed to a 43 percent reduction in greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions between 2005 and 2030 - mainly through increasing the share of sustainable biofuels and clean energy in the energy mix, and through forest restoration and reafforestation. Sustainable investments in the forestry sector help support the country’s path to GHG emission reduction and economic growth. However, it is critical that these investments are well planned, and operations carefully managed to mitigate potential social and environmental risks. A loan from IFC to Suzano S.A. supports climate change mitigation through investments in sustainably managed plantations that will sequester carbon, and by increasing the use of renewable energy sources. Specifically, the proceeds of the loan have been used for the construction of a greenfield pulp mill and development of eucalyptus plantations in Ribas do Rio Pardo, in the state of Mato Grosso do Sul, concluded in 2024
Perspectives Economiques du Togo, Août 2025: Stimuler la Croissance en Période d’Incertitude
No full textTogo’s economic trajectory in recent years has been shaped by both resilient performance and emerging vulnerabilities. The 2025 Economic Update underscores the urgency of restoring fiscal space and implementing strategic structural reforms to sustain private sector-led growth and job creation. Through an integrated analysis in two chapters, the report presents a nuanced narrative of the country’s macroeconomic outlook and delineates actionable policy paths to foster inclusive,
sustainable development.La trajectoire économique du Togo au cours des dernières années a été caractérisée à la fois par des performances solides et par l’émergence de nouvelles vulnérabilités. Ce rapport portant sur les perspectives économiques du Togo met en lumière l'urgence de mettre en œuvre des réformes structurelles stratégiques pour soutenir une croissance portée par le secteur privé et génératrice d'emplois productifs. Structuré en deux chapitres, le rapport propose une analyse intégrée des perspectives et des politiques économiques prioritaires pour promouvoir un développement durable et inclusif
Macro Poverty Outlook Country-by-Country Analysis and Projections for the Developing World, Spring Meetings 2025
No full textThis edition of the Macro Poverty Outlooks periodical contains country-by-country forecasts and overviews for GDP, fiscal, debt and poverty indicators for the developing countries of East Asia and the Pacific. Macroeconomic indicators such as population, gross domestic product and gross domestic product per capita, and where available, other indicators such as primary school enrollment, life expectancy at birth, total greenhouse gas emissions and inflation, among others, are included for each country. In addition to the World Bank’s most recent forecasts, key conditions and challenges, recent developments and outlook are briefly described for each country in the region
People, Progress, and Planet - Reaching Upper Middle Income Status by 2029 : Policy Notes 2024
No full textBhutan’s broad-based growth has reduced poverty and inequality over the past decades. To respond to the COVID-19 pandemic and multiple global and domestic crises, the country adopted unorthodox policies such as using foreign reserves to invest in crypto-mining, which slashed reserves by half and exacerbated macroeconomic and financial vulnerabilities. External vulnerabilities combined with longstanding structural weaknesses have intensified the negative economic impact of a surge in outmigration. Private sector job opportunities are limited, especially for young people like Karma, who are now emigrating in large numbers. The lack of economic diversification and limited private-sector business activity poses risks to long-term growth and job creation. The hydropower sector contributes substantially to the economy but employs less than 1 percent of the labor force. And growth in other sectors has been intensive in capital and labor, with limited productivity improvements. There is a future for Bhutan in which young, talented people like Karma decide that they can achieve their dreams by staying in the country. Businesses like Dorji’s can attract and retain skilled workers and find the financing needed to expand. Bhida receives a good education in her rural school from qualified teachers who set her up for higher education and a bright future in which Dechen and her parents can launch their handmade furniture industry and find wealthy foreign buyers, enabling them to live an independent, comfortable life. With careful planning and mindfulness, Bhutan can protect its culture and nature while providing good opportunities and infrastructure for its people
COVID-19 G2P Cash-Transfer Payments Country Brief: Jordan
No full textThe largest cash transfer program in Jordan, operated by the National Aid Fund (NAF), regularly benefited approximately 100,000 households by the end of 2018 (almost 10 percent of the population. NAF provides cash transfers in the range of US 254 to 16 different categories of vulnerable groups. The groups targeted include elders, orphans, widows, families that fall under the national poverty line, and families where the head of the family is unable to work due to severe disability. Jordan is in the process of developing its Social Registry, the National Unified Registry (NUR), based on the expansion of the National Aid Fund (NAF) database for vulnerable population and the Takaful program. The payment arrangement is based on the delivery of cash transfers through e-money accounts also referred to e-wallets, which can be opened with any of the seven licensed payment service providers (PSPs). The PSPs in collaboration with NAF, JoPACC, the Central Bank of Jordan and different international social protection agencies, such as the WFP and UNICEF, provide training sessions, material and communication channels for beneficiaries. Through these channels, beneficiaries can receive information and guidance on how to open and use e-wallets
The Arab Republic of Egypt Country Program Evaluation, Fiscal Years 2015–25 (Approach Paper)
No full textThe Country Program Evaluation (CPE) will assess the performance of the World Bank Group’s support to the Arab Republic of Egypt from FY 2015 to FY25. The evaluation will focus on the relevance, coherence, and impact of the Bank Group’s contribution to Egypt’s key long-term development challenges over the period of the Country Partnership Framework (CPF) from FY15 to FY22 and part of the ongoing FY23–27 CPF. The evaluation seeks to identify lessons to inform future Bank Group engagement in support of Egypt’s development priorities, including the next CPF, which is due to commence in FY28. The primary audience for the evaluation includes the Bank Group’s Boards of Executive Directors, Bank Group management and staff working on Egypt, the government of Egypt, and a broad set of in-country stakeholders. Its findings and lessons may be relevant to other middle-income countries in the Middle East and North Africa and other Regions
Unlocking Women’s Economic Potential
No full textEconomic growth is estimated to have accelerated to 7.3 percent in 2024, driven by the strong performance of the service sector—particularly tourism—and a recovery in agricultural activity after nearly seven years of drought. The service sector contributed 5.4 percentage
points—or 70 percent—of overall growth. Tourist arrivals increased by about 16.5 percent year-on-year (y/y), reaching 1.18 million visitors (from 1 million in 2023). Notably, 2024 saw a pick-up in non-traditional tourism—with 13 percent of tourists opting for aparthotels (up from 1 percent in 2023)—boding well for the local economy. High rainfall supported a good agricultural season, with the sector contributing positively to growth for the first time in years. On the demand side,
exports (dominated by tourism) and private consumption remained the primary drivers of growth