E-Journal Politeknik Negeri Samarinda
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Syria Macro-Fiscal Assessment
No full textFourteen years of conflict have devastated Syria’s economy. The assessment takes stock of Syria’s economic trajectory amid ongoing political transition and regional instability. It highlights the severe erosion of Syria’s economic base, chronic fiscal pressures, and the profound impact of sanctions, conflict-driven disruptions, and the rise of informality and illicit economic activities during the past decade. Subject to a high degree of uncertainty, the report projects modest GDP growth of 1.0 percent in 2025, following a contraction of 1.5 percent in 2024, under the assumption of continued security challenges, liquidity constraints, and suspended foreign assistance. Increased regional engagement - especially from Türkiye and some Gulf states - along with the easing of sanctions, could support recovery and investment and provides some upside potential
Stepping Stone or Millstone?
No full textDoes access to natural resources and a clean environment provide a stepping stone out of deprivation, or does it act as a millstone that impedes the transition to greater progress? Nature’s Paradox: Stepping Stone or Millstone? assesses the intersection of the two major crises of the 21st century—the growing scarcity of land, air, and water and rising vulnerability. As countries around the world grapple with multiple crises, local communities and the most vulnerable populations often bear the brunt of the impacts.
Vulnerable and underrepresented groups predominantly reside in rural areas, are employed in agriculture, and have limited access to essential public services. While these groups may be less exposed to air and water pollution, the impact of their underrepresentation in decision-making processes is disproportionately high, likely due to a lack of public services and an inability to cope with environmental stresses. These groups also suffer more due to land degradation and deforestation, with the notable exception of Indigenous peoples in Latin America, who experience lower deforestation rates. Understanding the intersection of social vulnerability and environmental degradation helps address these dual crises more effectively.
Through this thorough analysis, Nature’s Paradox highlights how sound policy designs can create economic opportunities by promoting environmental sustainability. Its findings will interest policy makers, stakeholders, researchers, development practitioners, and the general public
Cyprus - Management of Wildfire Risk
No full textThe Republic of Cyprus (hereafter referred to as ‘Cyprus’) faces a significant and increasing risk of wildfires, as evidenced by recent large-scale fires. The island is becoming susceptible to extreme weather events, fueled by climate change. Despite being an island of less than 10,000 km², Cyprus ranks second out of 24 European countries in terms of the ratio of burned area to land mass. Wildfires pose a hazard across all regions of Cyprus, with forested areas being particularly at risk, and fire occurrence being frequently recorded in rural areas of the Paphos and Limassol districts. The likelihood of weather conditions leading to wildfires that can cause loss of life and property is estimated to be greater than 50 percent in any given year, with the highest risk between June and August, according to the National Risk Assessment (NRA). This report summarizes the results of a rapid review of wildfire risk and management capacity in Cyprus, highlighting potential risk management priorities to inform policy dialogue and future research. The review considers capacity across multiple dimensions, including governance, understanding wildfire risk, risk reduction and mitigation, early warning and public awareness, preparedness and emergency response, recovery and post-disaster financing, and cross-cutting topics such as social resilience and the role of the private sector. Drawing on available information, each chapter reviews the general context and current arrangements, including key challenges, as well as opportunities for improvement relevant to Cyprus
FY 2025 Democratic Republic of Congo Country Opinion Survey Report
No full textThe Country Opinion Survey in DRC assists the World Bank Group (WBG) in better understanding how
stakeholders in DRC perceive the WBG. It provides the WBG with systematic feedback from national and
local governments, multilateral/bilateral agencies, media, academia, the private sector, and civil society
in DRC on 1) their views regarding the general environment in DRC; 2) their overall attitudes toward the
WBG in DRC; 3) overall impressions of the WBG’s effectiveness and results, knowledge work and
activities, and communication and information sharing in DRC; and 4) their perceptions of the WBG’s
future role in DRC
Thailand Monthly Economic Monitor, November 2025
No full textThe economy slowed and tourism remained weak in the third quarter, despite a strong growth in exports. To bolster growth, the government rolled out a Quick Big Wins strategy with short-term stimulus measures, a debt restructuring program, and tax incentives to revive domestic tourism. Fiscal conditions loosened in FY2025 due to higher capital spending and stimulus measures; monetary policy remained accommodative as negative inflation persisted amid lower energy and food prices. Increased current account and portfolio inflows supported appreciation of the baht
Zambia - Assessment of Access to Justice and Alternative Dispute Resolution Systems
No full textThe World Bank (WB)-supported Public Expenditure and Institutional Review of the Zambian Judicial Sector (PIER) of the Zambian Judicial Sector (WB, 2022) analyzed access to justice from the supply side only, making recommendations to streamline processes and procedures within the Zambian courts to alleviate access challenges. Therefore, a complementary study was needed to assess the following two areas: 1) demand side aspects of access to justice, especially in under-served areas of Zambia; and 2) Alternative Dispute Resolution (ADR) processes and systems in Zambia (and their potential to support the overburdened formal court system). The Assessment contains four substantive components (Chapters 2–5). Chapter 2 comprises the access to justice component of this Assessment, and Chapter 3 the ADR component. Chapter 4 proposes near-to-medium term recommendations to improve the access to justice situation in underserved communities and enhance ADR uptake. Chapter 5 examines the Ministry of Justice (MoJ)’s new strategic plan (SP) (2022–2026) (MoJ, 2023) through the lens of the PEIR and this current assessment
A Brief Review and Introduction to the Special Issue
No full textDisplacement has increased continuously over the last 12 years and the number of forcibly displaced persons has reached an unprecedented level. More than half of all forcibly displaced persons are girls or women; yet very little is known about how gender intersects the behavior and welfare of forced displacement. This special issue focuses specifically on the gender dimensions of forced displacement. We make both topical and methodological contributions to knowledge about gender norms, livelihoods, multi-dimensional and income poverty, and gender-based violence and discuss the implications of our findings for future research, policy and practice
Behavioral Insights for Tax Compliance: A Whole-House Approach to Improving Taxpayer and Tax Official Beliefs, Attitudes, and Behaviors
No full textThe objective of this note is to summarize the role of behavioral science in tax compliance and tax administration, elaborating on a previous note outlining the World Bank’s past work in this area (Dalton et al., 2021). This note will provide an overview of a behaviorally informed approach to tax compliance and highlight how behavioral insights can be useful for diagnosing and confronting tax compliance challenges (section II), provide thoughts on a way forward for integrating behavioral insights into revenue administration, summarizing evidence from the field (section III), and present the approach and experience of the World Bank in this space (Annex). The note will place particular emphasis on the experimental and quasi-experimental literature on behaviorally-informed solutions to improve compliance and collection and group these into three generalized tools: the nudge (modifications to the decision environment), the budge (elevating new narratives around tax compliance), and the trudge (taking an inward-looking approach to improving compliance). We also developed a Practitioner’s Guide where we provide detailed “how-to” on applying behavioral insights for revenue collection
Unlocking Consumption
No full textChina’s economy has maintained solid growth momentum in early 2025, supported in part by monetary, fiscal, and property sector policy easing. However, growth is projected to moderate from 5.0 percent in 2024 to 4.5 percent in 2025 and 4.0 percent in 2026, as global trade restrictions and uncertainty weigh on exports, manufacturing investment, and labor demand. Beyond short-term stimulus, China will need to rely more on household consumption as an engine of growth. A sustained improvement in household consumption will require greater reform ambition, including (i) redirecting fiscal resources towards healthcare and social protection to reduce precautionary savings, (ii) addressing local governments' financial constraints to help maintain public services and drive public consumption, (iii) pursuing a more progressive fiscal system to stimulate consumption as lower-income households have a higher propensity to spend, and (iv) tackling the property sector overhang to restore household wealth and confidence
Leveraging Maturing Technologies for Health Financing Needs in East and Southern Africa
No full textThis report explores the potential of
maturing technologies to address specific health financing
challenges in East and Southern Africa. To the extent
possible, it draws on examples from countries in the region
and shows how some technologies have been used in
other sectors that could inform similar application to health
financing challenges. The report discusses benefits,
drawbacks, risks, and costs of the various options and
emphasizes that these need to be balanced when exploring the
introduction of any such tools