Review of Economics and Development Studies (READS) (E-Journal)
Not a member yet
310 research outputs found
Sort by
A Review of the Strength of Trade Polices of Emerging Economies and their Goal of Sustainable Economic Development
Full text linkDeveloping nations are trying to handle the economic problems by applying different strategies, on the other hand they are highly impressed with the infant-industry idea, that is belong to classic growth theory of traditional trade. Which is not a worldwide valid idea. According to many economists and scholars the infant-industry proposal stops the emerging countries to enter into international business market. The Nations who embrace this idea could not enjoy the competitive advantages in the global market and who decide not to enter into the international market, they have to face high cost of business, inefficient production and decease in jobs opportunities. This study has explored that many firm want to grow their business all over the world at present-day and they are seeking reliable international suppliers and freedom of movement in operating their investment units. To attract the foreign and local investors the emerging nations have to enhance the corporate image of their FTZ/EPZs setup, which is protected by the both endogenous and exogenous growth theories. In its performance and functions, it has the significance and power to increase the capacity of trade and industry which in turn cause to create business opportunities and provide the path of economic growth, therefore this study has suggested to spend much time and efforts on R&D not only to update the trade strategies and macroeconomic policies but to improve the supply chain system also in the regions
Military Spending Is for Prosperity & Growth: An Analysis of Different Income Level Countries
Full text linkThe study illuminates the linkages between military spending and economic growth through a cross-country dataset of 67 countries from 1990 to 2018. The full sample is divided into three sub-groups namely high-income, middle-income, and low-income countries to check the consistency of our findings. It has already been documented in various studies that the sensitivities associated with military spending sometimes relaxed the obligation to justify the need for a specific threat to a country. It is, however, more convincing and ethically justified if the military spending is aligned with broader national interests. In the full sample as well as in the sub-sample groups, we have found a positive relationship between military spending and economic growth.
The Fisher and the Kao cointegration tests indicate a long-run relationship, and the Dumitrescu and the Hurlin causality test indicate the existence of bidirectional causality. The cross-section dependence test rejected the null hypothesis and suggested a long-run relationship. The Hausman test supported fixed effect regression and cointegrating results of fully modified ordinary least squares and dynamic ordinary least squares were used to find out the long-run coefficients.
It would be more appropriate if the same relationship is tested country-wise while taking country-specific factors into account before making decisions regarding major changes in military spending. This study would serve as a baseline for all such studies.  
Energy Substitution Effect in Major Energy Consumption Sectors of Pakistan: Translog Cost Function
Full text linkThere is inadequate works available in the case of Pakistan that have tested the rebound effect due to energy use and its impacts on the environment, so in this study, comparative analysis of energy substitution effect on Pakistan’ three major energy consumption sectors industrial, transport and electricity sector has done, by using the translog cost function in time series data framework. And finally, the main aim is to give the Policy suggestion for different implications like energy and output, to the government of Pakistan doing the aggregate. From the analysis, it has been concluded that there are diseconomies of scale in each sector of the economy of Pakistan, as the elasticity of cost concerning output is greater than one. All energy and non-energy inputs are substitutes for each other but labor is needed more than any other input sectoral wise as it is cheaper and easily available in Pakistan. From the results, in the industrial sector capital intensive production has preferred to increase the use of energy. The rebound effect in Pakistan is negative, which means there is super conservation or have less use of energy. This could be due to the high price of energy inputs and underdevelopment, disinvestment so less profit and income generation, and technological progress leads to less use of resources
Historical Perspective of External Debt in Pakistan: Identifying Key Determinants / Strategies
Full text linkThe non-developmental use of external debt creates macroeconomic instability which results in massive unemployment, poverty, inflation, and political instability in any country. The present study is focused on historical perspective of external debt in Pakistan. This study found that the leadership of Pakistan has heavily borrowed external debt without considering its sustainability and repayment capacity. On the basis of the systematic literature review of past studies, the key policy variables are highlighted to reduce the burden of external debt. The study indicated that external debt burden of Pakistan can be managed by lowering the consumption oriented imports, focusing targeted inflation, exchange rate and by promoting sustainable inclusive economic growth. The policy mix based on efficient management of macro-economic indicators are helpful in addressing external debt in Pakistan
The Women Empowerment in Agriculture Sector of Pakistan
Full text linkThe study interviewed 100 households in the Sargodha District of Pakistan's Punjab Province, which is the largest and most populated province. The study used a multistage sample process for sampling and interviewed male and female residents of the Sargodha district. The WEAI was calculated using Alkire and Foster's (2011) technique. The women empowerment agricultural index is used to assess women's empowerment. These five factors 5DE identifies the important areas where empowerment must be strengthened, whereas gender parity depicts the relative discrepancy between male and female members of the same family. For the Sargodha district, the Women Empowerment in Agriculture Index value is 0.61. It is calculated by taking 90% of the 5DE sub index value of 0.66 and adding 10% of the GPI value of 0. 68
Does Institutional Quality Improve Environmental Quality? New Evidence from NARDL Approach
Full text linkThe current research intends to look at the asymmetrical influence of institutional quality (IQ) on carbon emissions (????????2e) by incorporating additional variables i.e., trade openness (TO), population growth (PG), and energy use (E) over the period 1980-2020. The current study used nonlinear ARDL to demonstrate the nonlinear influence of IQ on ????????2e. The empirical finding suggests that positive fluctuation in institutional quality considerably improves the environmental quality in Pakistan in the short and long run. At the same time, the outcomes show that negative fluctuations in IQ lead to considerably contributed to ????????2e in long run. GDP and E are positively connected with ????????2e. The policy makers could need to enhance the institutional quality leads to attaining the long-term ecological objectives
Role of Professional Skills in Promoting Healthcare System: A Performance Perspective
Full text linkThis paper aims to investigate the impact of sustainable practices especially sustainable production and sustainable supplier management on supply chain performance. This empirical study demonstrates the contextual examination of sustainable practices especially with reference to an emerging economy like Pakistan. Survey was employed to collect data from 100 Food Manufacturing Firms. Exploratory Factor Analysis and Structure Equation Modeling were used through AMOS to test hypothesis. The results reveal that sustainable production and sustainable supplier management both significantly impact triple bottom line. However, sustainable production generates stronger impact on social performance, while, sustainable supplier management significantly effects environmental performance. Additionally, the findings provide valuable insights regarding the use of sustainable production and sustainable supplier management and their impact on supply chain performance. Finally, it propagates utility of ecological value chain management mentioning the impact of couple of sustainable practices on tipple bottom line
Determinants of the Attractiveness of Foreign Direct Investments in CEMAC: an Empirical Panel Analysis Over the Period From 1985 to 2019
Full text linkThis article aims to determine the factors that explain the attractiveness of foreign direct investment (FDI) at the level of the six countries of the Economic and Monetary Community of Central Africa (CEMAC), over the period 1985-2019. Using the fixed effects panel model, the results of this research indicate that gross domestic product per capita, human capital, domestic credit provided to the private sector by banks and gross national expenditure explain the attractiveness of FDI. Moreover, by using the ordinary least squares (OLS) model to analyze the determinants of the attractiveness of FDI by country, the econometric results show differentiated effects
The Impact of Post-Covid-19 Economic Recession on Public Perception of Climate Change and Environmental Behavior in Pakistan
Full text linkThe interconnection between economic development, fervid crossovers in the frame of contagious diseases, and environmental problems, in particular, have, until now, seen less scrutiny from environmental economists. Empirical evidence suggests that great economic recessions have proven to affect the prioritization of environmental and climate protection. The current study surveys the perception of the residents of Lahore, Pakistan regarding their environmental perception and awareness of climate change issues at the time of post-COVID-19 economic recession. Furthermore, the present study investigates several economic factors including the impact of economic recession influencing the environmental behavior of mainstream society. A cross-sectional quantitative research design was utilized to gather data from 343 respondents belonging to a public university in Pakistan. To statistically analyze the date, chi square test and multinomial logistic regression was utilized to examine significant economic factors associated with environmental behaviors. The findings reveal that climate change is viewed as one of the main ecological problems in Lahore, Pakistan. Furthermore, significant association was found between individual’s socioeconomic background and impact of economic recession with their prioritization of climate action. The present research has several implications as identifying rising challenges of economic and climate-related threats can aid in adopting a more dynamic approach to strategic and structural investments. The current paper suggests robust policy interventions against financial instability to ensure collective as well as individual effort against climate change for a stable and sustainable future
Impact of Health Infrastructure on Child Health in Punjab, Pakistan
Full text linkThe objective of the study is to find the impact of health infrastructure on child health in Punjab, Pakistan. The study used the panel data collected from Punjab development statistics (PDS) between 2010 and 2016 for 35 districts of Punjab, Pakistan. The Generalized Method of Moments (GMM) is used for the current analysis. Child health in terms of infant mortality and underweight is used as dependent variable and health infrastructures, ownership of house, receiving remittances, physical access to safe drinking water, improved sanitation are independent variables. Health infrastructure is the index of four variables number of hospitals, number of dispensaries, number of mother and child health center and number of rural health centers. Results of the study conclude that health infrastructure is an important determinant of child health. There is a strong positive influence of health infrastructure in terms of different type of hospitals, dispensaries, rural health centers and mother and child health care centers is found on child health