Review of Economics and Development Studies (READS) (E-Journal)
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Factors Affecting Foreign Direct Investment: The Case of the Netherlands
Full text linkThis study analyzes the effect of gross domestic product, inflation, and natural resource rent on foreign direct investment in the Netherland. Our analysis employs the Autoregressive distributed lag model from 1980 to 2018. The empirical results show that gross domestic product and natural resource rent positively affected foreign direct investment while inflation negatively affected both the short and long run. This study recommends that government officials and policymakers formulate policies to promote foreign direct investment for the development of the economy of the Netherland.
 
An Empirical Study on the Relationship of Financial Sector Development, Remittances Inflows, and Income Inequality in South Asian Countries
Full text linkThe study explores the moderating role of financial sector development in the remittances-income inequality nexus in the six highest remittances-recipient “South-Asian economies”, “namely “Afghanistan, Bangladesh, India, Nepal, Sri Lanka, and Pakistan”” for the period 2006 to 2019. The direct channel of remittances-income inequality and the financial sector development & income-inequality have been greatly explored in the literature, but the indirect channel, i.e. the moderating role of the financial sector in the remittances- income inequality nexus, is still lacking; this study tries to fill this literature gap. The study explores the indirect link of the financial sector based on financial access, financial stability, financial depth, and financial efficiency in remittances-income inequality nexus in highest remittances-recipient South-Asian economies. The study applied Fixed effects and Pooled Ordinary Least Squares (POLS) econometric techniques in order to examine the role of financial sector development in the relationship between international remittances and income inequality. The empirical findings of the study show that the financial sector development mitigates the income-inequality effects in the selected remittance-recipient South-Asian economies. The interaction term of financial sector development and remittances mitigate the negative influence of income inequality in the selected economies. Remittances abridge income inequality in the presence of a well-functioning and sound financial sector in the selected South-Asian remittance-recipient economies
Globalization and Energy Consumption: Empirical Implications for Income Inequality in Developing Countries
Full text linkThe objective of this study is to envisage the impact of globalization and energy consumption on income inequality in developing countries. The specific objectives are to discover the impact of economic, social, political, and overall globalization along with energy consumption on income inequality. To attain the empirical outcomes, this study employed the System-GMM on a panel dataset from 1996 to 2018 in a sample of sixty-nine developing countries as per the classification of World Bank. To further validate the empirical outcomes different interaction terms between overall globalization and energy use, political globalization and energy consumption, social globalization and energy consumption are all regressed on income inequality. The main finding of this study is that income inequality is positively affected by globalization and is statistically significant. This research also discovered a negative correlation between energy consumption and income inequality. The study suggests that developing nations should adopt policies to open their markets to the entire world, make effective use of globalization, and promote policies that reduce income inequality
Inspecting the nexus between internal factors, external factors, and house prices: ARDL approach on the Djiboutian real estate industry
Full text linkLand business such as real estate has shifted radically in the course of the last years. What's more, it has been catching a lot of interest. In my country, Djibouti purchasing a typical house costs multiple times the yearly family income. Accordingly, the current paper the nexus between internal factors, external factors, and house prices in the Djiboutian market. In this review, an ARDL approach was adopted to predict and foresee the factors that influence the Djiboutian real estate industry for a period of 29 years. The model demonstrated a positive and apparent link between the employment rate, manufacturing cost, national income, external debt, LGDP, tax, inflation, and house prices. Except for the inflation rate that displayed no remarkable influence on the Djiboutian real estate industry. The outcome will give a substantial and unmistakable examination to the Djiboutian populace to know better how their income affects their selections of houses and it will likewise give the public authority an understanding of the most proficient method to direct the rising costs of real estate in relation to residents' earnings. The paper will likewise extend the actual literature and add evidence concerning the real estate industry in the horn of Africa, especially the Somali peninsula
Exploring the Individual and Interpersonal Obstructive Factors Affecting Contraceptive Usage among Married Fertile Women in Rural Vicinities of Multan District, Pakistan
Full text linkFamily Planning is the most effective tool to reduce maternal morbidity and mortality during pregnancy. Contraceptive usage is the widely accepted method for birth spacing among married women in reproductive age span. In Pakistan, contraceptive prevalence is low in rural areas as compared to urban milieus. For exploring the present research phenomenon, the ethnographic research design was used to determine the subjective meaning-making of participants about the study phenomenon. Informal Discussions (IDs), N=20 In-Depth Interviews (IDIs), and N=6 Focus Group Discussions (FGDs) were conducted in two adjacent villages X and Y of Multan, Pakistan. Interview guide and discussion guide were used to explore the responses of the participants through thematic analysis. The present research results illustrated that the causes behind disinclination for contraceptive usage prevailed at two major levels, i.e. individual and interpersonal. The individual-level obstructive factors comprised of age of the married women, education level of husband, the economic cost of contraceptive usage, and adverse effects of contraceptives on the health of married females. Furthermore, the inter-personal level factors comprehended of husband opposition towards contraception usage, and discussion about contraception usage with husband as an anti-normative act. In conclusion, the orthodox, misogynistic, and gender-biased normative structure snatched the reproductive autonomy of married women. Resultantly, the women changed their fertility preferences and avoided birth spacing through contraceptive usage. Government intervention through social media awareness campaigns, provision of monthly incentives, and facilitation of “health card” could be used to ensure high prevalence of contraceptive usage among married women in the study locale
Electrical Consumption in the Industrial Sector of Pakistan: A Structural Time Series Analysis
Full text linkThe usage of energy is the central factor in promoting the contribution of the industrial sector economy to develop the economy. Indeed, Pakistan is a growing but recently united country with severe shortages of electricity resources. Therefore, the industry has a growing quantity of growth that leads to economic progress and also prioritizes inevitable challenges to stimulate industrial growth. The purpose of the study is to investigate the relationship between electrical consumption, oil consumption, and gas usage in manufacturing and its impact on the economic growth in Pakistan. Results declared electricity and gas have a positive and significant impact in the short and long run while fuel consumption has a negative shock on the economy in the short run but is positive in long run. The fault correction model (VECM) ensures bilateral relations in the industrialized sector, oil consumption and financial progress in Pakistan. In addition, findings revealed a strong correlation between the variables tested and suggested that the Pakistani government must develop a strong policy to reduce gas and oil to produce electricity, instead of relying on solar energy, water, airstream and biomass sources. Therefore, the government should increase stokes and storage of oil and gas to provide the industrial sector at a cheap rate
The Outlook of Economic Development of Pakistan during Covid-19 Pandemic and Its Potential Effects on Different Regions
Full text link In this article, we have known about the outbreak of the corona virus and how the corona virus affects the Global economy. Further, we have discussed the economic development of Pakistan in the year 2019 to 2020. How did these countries stabilize their economy at the time of the pandemic? What were the Policies they have for their country and business? How small sizes and large businesses affected during the pandemic what was the growth of GDP we have discussed in this article the data were analyzed through descriptive statistics. Pakistan's economic system, just like the outer world, has been significantly affected mostly by COVID-19 pandemic through a range of mechanisms, including several downturn in national and international consumption, a reduction in international visitors transportation, trade and manufacturing interconnections, and logistic shortages. From February 2020, the explosive growth of the COVID-19 virus has fostered the national economy to a standstill. The magnitude of monetary damages, on the other contrary, will be related to the occurrence and frequency of COVID-19. We have used exploratory techniques, which will include a detailed examination of the relevant research, which would include governmental statements, research articles, and evaluations in the sector. The finding demonstrate that the overwhelming of the collaborating enterprises have been severely influenced, and they are struggling with something like a range of problems involving financial management, supply chain interruption, reduced prices, sales, and revenue. We have also seen how online businesses operate during coved 19. Further, we have researched how the education sector was affected by the COVID-19 pandemic. What was the strategic plan implemented to stabilize the education system during an outbreak
Influence of Parenting Styles and self-efficacy on Academic Achievement of Secondary School Students: A case of Punjab Province Pakistan
Full text linkThe study was conducted to investigate influence of parenting styles on the academic achievement of secondary school enrolment from the perspective of Pakistan's culture. A cross-sectional research design was used to complete this research. A survey was used as a method of data collection accompanied by questionnaires. A multi-stage sampling technique was used to approach the participants. The sample was comprised of 720 students at the secondary level. The outcomes of the study exposed that there is a positive link between parenting styles (responsiveness and control), academic self-efficacy, and academic achievement. The study results indicate a positive impact of parenting style (responsiveness) on the students' academic achievement at the secondary school level. Students reported differences in parenting styles (providing responsiveness and control), academic self-efficacy, and academic achievement. The study found significant differences between various groups of students' mothers' education. Results of the study revealed that responsiveness and control of parenting styles are not substantially different in various regions of the world
Impact of Network Factors on Supply Chain Performance: A Case of Textile Sector of Pakistan
Full text linkThis study elaborates the importance of network perspective in driving performance outcomes especially in the context of agriculture (Textile) supply chains. The impact of network factors (i.e. actors, resources, and activities) on overall supply chain performance have been explored. By deploying survey, a two-stage cluster sampling was used to attain study objectives. The Textile firms from Punjab and Sindh were selected for data collection. Through a structured questionnaire, 482 responses were generated and analyzed using PLS-SEM. The findings of the study confirmed that Network Actors (Textile Firms), the activities they perform, and the resources they have, generate a significant and positive impact on supply chain performance. The study recommends the need for understanding the role of integrative initiatives between the studied variables, i.e. network factors. Further, it is argued that integrated Network Factors can generate a significant impact on Supply Chain Performance
Determinants of Intergenerational Transmission of Poverty in Pakistan: A Case Study
Full text linkThe present study examines the determinants of Intergenerational Transmission of Poverty in Pakistan. For this, primary data from 301 respondents has been collected from urban and rural areas of Muzaffargarh district using simple random sampling technique. Logistic Regression method is applied to see the relationship between the variables. The results of Logistic Regression show that there is no Intergenerational Transmission of Poverty due to urban area residence, experience, education, value of assets, married marital status and joint family system in Pakistan. There is Intergenerational transmission of Poverty due to large household size and high dependency ratio in Pakistan. On the basis of results, it may be suggested that there should be promotion of free education throughout the Pakistan especially in rural areas