Review of Economics and Development Studies (READS) (E-Journal)
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Learning styles preferences and diagnostics at higher education level: A comparative perspective among three faculties
Get PDFThis study aimed at exploring and comparing learning styles preferences among students of Management sciences, Social sciences and Languages. Homogenous purposive sampling technique was used to select sample of study comprising of 300 graduating students of the three faculties. Grasha-Reichmann Scale consisting of 60 five point likert scale statements was used to explore learning styles preferences of students on six variables namely; avoidant, collaborative, competitive, dependent, independent, and participant. Results based on One-way ANOVA and Post-hoc Tukey’s test revealed that a statistically significant difference occurred among the learning styles preferences of students enrolled in three faculties. Management sciences students preferred competitive and independent learning style, social sciences students were mostly avoidant and dependent learners whereas languages students have adopted collaborative as well as dependent learning styles. It is recommended that teachers may require to bring variation in teaching learning process to cater to the needs of diverse learners. It is advisable for teachers to plan such learning activities which make them independent and self-directed learners. It is also recommended that situational factors such as nature of course requirements and motivation to attend the classroom could also have an impact on the preferred learning styles
Land Reforms in Central Asia: The Transition from Production Cooperatives to Services Cooperatives
Get PDFAt the eve of Independence, the political leadership of Central Asian Republics was committed towards privatization. Different liberalization strategies were announced that would follow effective state legislation. It was intended that the privatization program would be extended towards agriculture sector and land reforms would be introduced. But the literature reveals that relatively very little development has been made in this domain and no detailed plan for agriculture reforms or efficient legislation on privatization of agriculture land has been adopted. This study analyzes the Imperial and post-Imperial era land tenure arrangements in the Central Asian Republics that includes an analysis of the land tenure legislations made so far in the republics during Soviet and post-Soviet era. An analysis of the legislations yields the dramatic presence of imperial legacy in the land tenure system and conspiracy of silence on the land reforms in Central Asian Republics
The Paradox of Managerial Dividend Policy in Corporate Malaysia
Get PDFThe prime objective of this paper is to survey the managers of Bursa Malaysia listed non-financial firms and to divulge their views regarding the significance of various potential factors that may affect dividend decisions. In addition to that, we are also interested in highlighting that how managerial perception about the importance of these factors varies from country to country. Our next objective is to know the level of importance, Malaysian managers give to dividend processes and pattern, firm value. Dividend policy (DP) and residual dividend policy (RDP). Finally, we are interested in measuring the level of support that Malaysian managers provide for different justifications for the payment of dividends. Survey instrument including a cover letter was mailed to chief finance officers (CFO) and finance managers of 493 Bursa Malaysia listed firms in October 2017. In the cover letter, a request was made to all respondents that in case of their non-involvement in dividend decision the letter must be forwarded to concerned authority involved in dividend decisions. The response rate of the current study is 40.09 percent (202 out of 493 firms). The study has used a mail survey of Bursa Malaysia listed non-financial firms that have paid at least one cash dividend during the period of 2013-2016 as a primary means of collecting data. No single pattern in rankings of factors among different countries has emerged. However, like their American, Canadian and Indonesian counterparts, According to Malaysian managers, dividend decisions have a significant effect on firm value. Although, a great deal of support has already been established with all dividend theories, however clientele and agency theory has proven to be the strongest one
Impact of Employees Core Self-Evaluations on Employee Engagement: Moderating Role of Organizational Culture
Get PDFCore self-evaluations have predictive value for crucial work outcomes. However, less attention is given to examine the relationship between employee core self-evaluations and employee engagement. Based on trait activation theory present study propose a research framework that examines the relationship of employee core self-evaluations with employee engagement accompanied by organizational culture as a moderator. It was assumed that employees core self-evaluation traits significantly interact with their perception about the organizational culture and produce valuable work outcome like employee engagement. Confirmatory factor analysis was performed to demonstrate validity and reliability of proposed model and structural equation modeling was used to examine hypothesized model. The proposed model was supported empirically by data collected from 537 employees working in different branches of Pakistan Telecommunication Company limited (PTCL). The result indicated core self-evaluations of employees as predictor of their engagement levels, also innovative and supportive organizational culture were found to have positive moderating effect on the relationship of employee core self-evaluations with employee engagement
Socioeconomic Status, Dependent Personality and Nail Biting Behavior Among Adults: Evaluation of Structural Relationship
Get PDFThe main objective was to investigate the socioeconomic status and dependent personality as the predictor of nail biting among adults. A sample of 101 adults that nail bit was selected from Sialkot city that aged above 19 to 75 years using purposive sampling from government and private educational institutes and local communities. The socioeconomic status and nail biting measured in the demographic form asking information about income, education, profession and do you nail bit. Further, dependent personality was checked with Dependent Personality Disorder scale Urdu version (Shahzadi & Bano, 2018). Results showed that there is significant predictive relationship present between these two variables on samples (N= 101), R= .432 which indicates a moderate correlation. The R2= .187 which indicated that 1.8% variation in the dependent variable, can be explained by the independent variable. Adjusted R-square a modify form of R-square which is also 1.7 variation in data. Descriptive results of this study showed that these two variables from sample (N= 320) are co-occur only in (N= 101) participants with 31.5 percentage generally in both male and female of Sialkot city. Structure Equation Modeling was used for the analysis of data. The model fit summary indicated the p value of .000 which indicates that socioeconomic factors and dependent personality was the significant predictor of nail biting among adults. All the model fit indices were also in the best prescribed limits as Chi-square/df (1.106), Goodness of Fit Index (.976), Adjusted Goodness of Fit Index (.940), Comparative Fit Index (.974) and Root Mean Square Error of Approximation (.033). Furthermore, the income regression estimate indicates that when income, profession and dependent personality goes up by 1 standard deviation, the nail biting goes up by 0.21, 0.12 and 0.4 standard deviations respectively whereas in case of education, it goes up by 1 standard deviation and the nail biting behavior goes down by .09 standard deviations.
Conclusion: In conclusion, the socioeconomic status and dependent personality was the significant predictor of nail biting behavior among adults
How Does Foreign Direct Investment Affect Economic Growth in Pakistan: A Time Series Data Analysis
Get PDFIn developing countries, the foreign sector plays an important role and a critically important one for economic stabilization. The yearly data was employed for the period 1975- 2017 for the analysis. The variables of the study include the gross domestic product, foreign direct investment, inflation rate, industry sector growth, broad money, gross fixed capital formation, trade openness, and gross savings. An empirical analysis is done by using Auto-Regressive Distributed Lag Model (ARDL), and the Augmented Dickey Fuller (ADF) test is applied to analyze the unit root. In the present study, empirical findings demonstrated the negative association between economic growth and foreign direct investment in Pakistan. This argument also supports the idea, where foreign direct investment will not be in favor of the growth of developing countries as the domestic industry would not compete to the foreign industry which provides the products at a low rate. Secondly, foreign direct investment in Pakistan is not that level which can affect the GDP of Pakistan
Price Levels and Poverty Nexus: A Case Study of Pakistan
Get PDFThe study has examined the relationship between price levels and poverty over the period of 1982-2015 in Pakistan by employing Auto Regressive Distributed Lag Model (ARDL). It is the pioneer empirical study on the topic in Pakistan. The study has revealed mixed findings between the price levels and poverty both at aggregated and disaggregated levels. The study has also suggested policies to reduce poverty according to the various price levels investigated in the assorted models
Women Empowerment and Micro Finance Programs: A Case Study of District Khairpur
Get PDFThe model of double monetary improvement contains the lowest wages (between difference foundations) responsible for the continuous dualism. We use 2 years of micro data from a large number of workers in Pakistan to test whether legally lowest wages have different effects on formal compensation, as opposed to the occasionally different segment. We find that the evidence from Pakistan rejects the assumptions of these models: raising the minimum wage not only extends the compensation in the city format part (big urban effort), which are enclosed through the least wages rule, nonetheless also increases the salaries of altogether other specialists, z Lowest legal allowance, which is generally considered to be an occasional split and is not regularly enforced (eg, small municipal companies, large provincial companies and small country companies). Our finding also suggest that the lowest statutory minimum wages increase wages for specialists in these “random” departments more than in the urban form, and therefore may lose the normal pay gap amid these segments and city additional part, which is considered non- binding nonetheless not governed b the Least Wage Act: the freelance (in together city and provincial regions). Least salaried may therefore lead to a symmetry amid official & casual workers, who referred to as self-employed and paid labors. In any case, we discovery no indication that self-earned income falls by the lowest pay
Financial Inclusion and Economic Growth: Empirical Evidence from Selected Developing Economies
Get PDFFinancial inclusion is a tool used to enhance economic growth, alleviate poverty, create employment and reduce income inequality in developing countries through providing affordable financial goods and services to low income group through financial institutions. This study analyzes the relationship among financial inclusion, entrepreneurship, institutions and economic growth for 33 developing countries over time 2004-2016 using Generalized Method of Moments (GMM). The variables of financial inclusion, entrepreneurship and institutions are incorporated in Solow growth model through total factor productivity. Empirical results show that financial inclusion has positive effect on economic growth while entrepreneurship has negative but significant effect on economic growth. Whereas some institutional variables like rule of law and political stability have negative and other institutional variables like control of corruption and government effectiveness have positive effect on economic growth
Economic Analysis of Fish Farming in Punjab, Pakistan
Get PDFFish consumption is very less in Pakistan as compared to the world. The study was designed to conduct the economic analysis of the fish farming. Two districts were selected with the highest number of fish farms, i.e. Muzaffargarh and Khanewal. A total of 50 fish farms from both study areas were selected randomly for the study. Economic analysis was carried out from the collected data to estimate the profitability of fish farming. In order to make a comparison of profitability of fish farming with crop cultivation on per acre basis, data from 50 farmers from crop sector were also collected. The results revealed that fish farming was more profitable as compared to crop farming in the study area. Net income per acre was estimated at Rs. 252426 from fish farming as compared to net income per acre of Rs. 58612 from wheat-cotton, Rs. 72662 from cotton-rice and Rs. 53290 from sugarcane cultivation. The benefit cost ratio (BCR) of fish farming was calculated 1:1.52 and 1: 1.74 with and without land rent respectively. It illustrates that the enterprise yields 1.52 rupees and 1.74 rupees for every rupee invested. On the basis of results, it is suggested that fish farming should be promoted, especially in the areas of saline soils to enhance food security and uplifting the socioeconomic conditions of small farmers