Review of Economics and Development Studies (READS) (E-Journal)
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How Do Population and Urbanization Cause Environmental Degradation in South Asian Countries? A Panel Data Analysis
Get PDFThe following study shows the economic consequences of population and environmental degradation in selected South Asian Countries for the time period 2000- 2018. Panel cointegration shows the long-run association among population, urbanization, environment and economic growth. By using PMG estimation technique, the results show that environmental degradation has a negative influence on economic growth while the urban population has a progressive impact on economic growth while the total population has a negative impact on economic growth. The results of causality analysis show that there is bidirectional causality among all variables which indicates that population, urbanization, environment and economic growth are causing each other. It is also noticed by the causality analysis that population, urbanization and economic growth are causing environmental degradation in south Asian countries. Further the results show that there is cross-sectional dependency among all variables in selected countries which reveals that all these countries should make collaborative strategies to increase economic growth and to cope up the problem of environmental degradation
Impact of Karakoram Highway on the Education and Health Development of Gilgit-Baltistan, Pakistan
Get PDFEducation is the soul of a society. It is a long term investment by a state to develop its human capital. Those countries which invested heavily in human development are reaping the benefits. Education and health as indicators of human development are of utmost importance. Gilgit-Baltistan (GB) in the extreme north of Pakistan is a mountainous area. Before the construction of Karakoram Highway (KKH), their status of education and health was extremely miserable. Only 3 middle and 80 primary schools were available in the entire area of Gilgit-Baltistan. Similarly, 2 hospitals and 10 small dispensaries were available in the health sector. Therefore, this study is an effort to evaluate the impact of KKH on education and health development of Gilgit-Baltistan. Results show a significant change and development, especially in the education sector. However, in the health sector, there is an intense need for more investment. As the area of Gilgit-Baltistan is vast and scattered, the people face difficulties in reaching the health care centres
Analysis of pollution haven hypothesis (PHH) and environmental Kuznets curve (EKC) in selected Association of South-East Asian Nations (ASEAN) countries
Get PDFThe Pollution Haven Hypothesis (PHH) claims that following the international trade, developing countries tend to specialize and export pollution-intensive goods to advanced countries. The current study examines the PHH claim in the context of exports of the six major ASEAN countries to Japan in the Environmental Kuznets Curve (EKC) framework for the period 1989-2017. The Fully Modified Ordinary Least Square (FMOLOS) panel co-integration approach has been employed to estimate the coefficients of the EKC model. The results reveal that the EKC does exist while the exports of pollution-intensive goods from the ASEAN to Japan increase the CO2 emission. The study concludes that world pollution cannot be curtailed unless advanced countries reduce the consumption of pollution-intensive goods. Therefore, an integrated well-devised global program is imperative to tackle the alarming issue of global warming, and advanced countries should lead this program
Role of Non-government Organizations in Escalation of Educational Projects and Community Development in Balochistan: a Case of Balochistan Rural Development & Research Society
Get PDFNon-Government Organizations (NGOs) have been considered as the key player in the provision of services to address the economic, environmental and socio-cultural developmental issues. United Nations global sustainable development goals (SDGs) focused the role of partnerships between different sectors in addressing sustainable development issues. The study focuses on the role of NGOs especially the local organization called as Balochistan Rural Development & Research Society (BRDRS) in empowering community in Balochistan. We conducted a cross-sectional survey in two districts of Balochistan province to investigate role of NGOs among beneficiaries of BRDRS education projects and programs in focused communities by following the quantitative research approach. By using proportionate random sampling technique, 400 respondents were selected out of the total beneficiaries. The results indicated significant associations between BRDRS educational projects (i.e. Arranging Students Exposure Visits, Conducted Speech Competitions, Arranging Enrollment Campaigns, Renovation of the Schools, and Follow-up Mechanism to Schools) and level of satisfaction among the beneficiaries. The study recommends that government should also be involved to improve the policy and make a supportive and conducive environment through partnerships in the education sector with NGOs for the sustainable community development
The Influence of Training and Development on Organizational Commitment of Academicians in Pakistan
Get PDFIt is recognized globally that training and development not only enhances the abilities, knowledge and skills of the staff member but it also changes their attitudes and behaviors. Such change in their attitudes and behaviors makes them committed with their respective organizations. This research work inquired association of training & development along with its dimensions with organizational commitment. We used Smart-PLS to make analysis of the data which were gathered from 320 academic staff of seven public sector universities of Khyber Pakhtunkhwa (KP), Pakistan. The results of this work found a significant influence of training & development and its dimensions on organizational commitment of academic staff. The results further suggested that training and development play crucial role in the enrichment of organizational commitment of academic staff. Committed academic staff not only stays longer with the universities but put more effort and perform better as compared to non-committed academic staff. We also concluded in this study that if the management of the universities intends to enhance the commitment of academic staff with the universities, they need to provide them maximum opportunities of training & development. We also discussed the theoretical and practical implications of the results
Long-Run Relationship Between Economic Development and International Tourism in Pakistan
Get PDFThis article examines the link between economic development and international tourism in the context of Pakistan. The study uses Autoregressive Distributed Lag tests (ARDL) for the long-term relationship; the short-term relationship is examined with Error Correction model, and the VECM-Granger causality to determine the direction of the causal flow. The study uses annual data from the CEIC and World Bank databases for the period 1990-2017. The novelty stems from the perspective that there is no formal evidence on long-run dynamics between economic development indicators and international tourism from Pakistan. It contributes to the existing literature on this vital phenomenon. The empirical results document the long-term and short-term association between the variables. We also find a two-way causal flow between economic development and tourism. In addition, it offers policy implications for focusing on three economic dimensions, e.g. economic development, financial development, and stock market development, which subsequently attracts international tourism. Intuitively, promulgates National culture and image across borders and strengthens the National Treasury as well
Industrial Production and Monetary Shocks: Empirical Evidence from Pakistan
Get PDFThis study focuses on long run relationship between industrial production and financial markets through a restricted structural model. Conditional upon arbitrage between short and long term money market rates, we find an evidence of cointegration between output and the stock market. Statistical results indicate that positive long-run relation between the stock market and real output allows the identification of a demand shock as permanently affecting stock market. Similarly money supply and short-term interest rate shock permanently affect stock market while inflation affects negatively in long run. The results also indicate that the monetary reaction function is less responsive to inflation and the policy maker put more weight to output. Our results imply that due to cost-push nature of inflation, policy makers have some flexibility to target other sectors of the economy, such as investments in asset markets. A prudent central bank can use interest rate smoothing approach using arbitrage conditions
Major Barriers to Manufacturing SMEs Growth and Survival: Evidence From Emerging Economy Pakistan
Get PDFSMEs play a tremendous role in increased national economic development and consider the backbone of the economy around the world. It contributes a great share in the GDP of Pakistan and a huge number of the workforce involved. However, despite such great importance, the SMEs growth in Pakistan face numerous challenges for access to financial resources, market information, and procurement contract. Hence the main aim behind this study is to investigate the influence of these barriers on manufacturing SMEs' growth and survival. A structured questionnaire was distributed among 172 managerial level employees of manufacturing SMEs to explore the influence of financial resources, market information, and procurement contract on the growth of SMEs by incorporating the Structural Equation Model (SEM). The study shows that the lack of access to financial resources, market information, and procurement contract negatively influence the growth and survival of SMEs. Therefore, it needs a certain action to eliminate such barriers for SMEs' sustainable growth and survival. This study suggestion will help to contribute to policymakers and industry players to overcome such barriers. 
Effect of People, Process and Physical Evidence on Satisfaction of Sikh Pilgrims Visiting Pakistan: Moderating Role of Personal Perceived Risk of Terrorism
Get PDFThe present study was intended to find out the impact of three important components of marketing mix for tourism i.e. People, Process and Physical Evidence on Satisfaction of Sikh Pilgrims visiting Pakistan and the moderating role of Personal Perceived Risk of Terrorism in the relationship between the aforementioned independent variables and Pilgrims Satisfaction. The present research is based on the philosophy of positivism and it is descriptive and deductive in approach. Data was collected from a sample of 357 Sikh Pilgrims. Multiple linear regression analysis was carried out to test the hypothesized effect of People, Process and Physical Evidence on satisfaction of Sikh Pilgrims and the moderating effect of Personal Perceived Risk of Terrorism. Findings of the study showed that Physical Evidence and People have a significant positive effect whereas Process has a significant negative effect on satisfaction of Sikh Pilgrims. Personal Perceived Risk of Terrorism was found to have an insignificant moderating effect on the relationship of Process, People and Physical Evidence with Satisfaction. The study might help uplift the tourism sector of Pakistan and enhance the relationship between people of different religions of the region
Mediating Impact of Emotional Intelligence Competencies on the Relationship of Conflict Management Styles and Service Quality of Higher Education: A Pakistan Based Study
Get PDFThis quantitative, investigation was to explore mediating impact of emotional intelligence competencies on the relationship between conflict management styles and service quality of higher education. In this study, multi-stage cluster sampling technique was applied for the selection of sample whereas SPSS was used for testing the hypothesis which measures the direct and indirect effect. Structured questionnaires were used for data collection which comprised of 5 points Likert scale. The findings proved partial mediation to emotional intelligence competencies between the relationship of conflict management styles and service quality of higher education which indicates higher the emotional intelligence competency the staff has, would have the higher the ability to resolve day to day conflicts. The research suggests that faculty and staff training programs, workshops to improve service quality would help to narrow the gap between customer’s perceptions and expectations