Review of Economics and Development Studies (READS) (E-Journal)
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A Comparative Analysis of Intra-party Democracy within the Major Political Parties of Pakistan, India and Bangladesh
Get PDFIn the democratic form of government, political parties play a determinative and creative role. Striving for public offices is their fundamental objective which distinguishes them from other social organizations; hence, parties utilize all channels to secure maximum parliamentary slots. In a representative and inclusive democracy, political parties perform a set of different jobs ranging from nomination of electoral candidates, managing their campaigns, transforming public sentiments and demands into public policy, citizens’ integration as well as fabricating government and civil society. Giving much importance to the political parties for the development of representative democracy, concerns have been raised about the ways in which they discharge their functions. If democracy deems not to flourish without political parties, then it is also important to assess how political parties are internally democratic in their determination and decision-making, influence and significance, proceeding and practices and distribution and dissemination of authority. In developing states, majority of political parties are operating as family-enterprises lacking true internal democratic culture. Self- centric, dynastic and interrupted politics have plagued the democratic norms and values. By focusing upon the ways and means which the parties adopt to elect their office-bearers as well as the mechanism which they prefer to nominate electoral candidates, the instant study will investigate whether or not the mainstream political parties in Pakistan, India and Bangladesh are democratic in their functioning
Does Corruption Affect Foreign Direct Investment: Evidence From East Asian Countries
Get PDFGlobalization has resulted in a significant increase in the FDI inflows. The impact of corruption on FDI inflow has been extensively studied in previous research. However, this topic has received scarce attention in Asians economies countries. Asian Economies is different from other Europe, Africa, North America and South America as rapid growth have seen in recent years. To fill the research gap, we collected data for seven South Asians countries. Based on the collected data, we first find out the effect of corruption on FDI. The results showed a positive and significant effect of corruption on FDI and supporting the helping hand theories of corruption which suggesting that South Asian countries should bring political stability and good governance, peace to attract more MNC, make strong law and its implementation to make corruption lessen
Emotional Instability, Employees Work Outcomes among Academia: Compulsory Citizenship Behavior and Leadership Style as Moderators
Get PDFNowadays Employees Work Outcomes is the primary concern of academia of higher education. Hence, to understand this perspective the current study has examined the impact of emotional instability on employees work outcomes (Workaholism, Organizational Citizenship Behavior and Burnout). This study also examined the moderating role of compulsory citizenship behavior and transactional and transformational leadership styles. Sample of the study was faculty members of public and private universities. Finding of the study showed that there was negative and significant relationship between emotional instability, workaholism and organizational citizenship behavior whereas, there was positive and significant relationship between emotional instability and burnout. Further results demonstrated that transactional and transformational leadership play moderating role in relation to emotional instability and workaholism. Nevertheless, this study will provide insight to develop policies to lowers the level of burnout, and will also help administrators to implement such leadership style that decrease emotional instability and raise performance
Impact of Economic Status on the Consumption Pattern of TV by School Children of District Vehari
Get PDFProbing the effects of mass media on viewers has always remained a topic of interest for the researchers. This specific study is based on the assessment of the consumption patterns of the TV viewing by school-going children in relation with their demographics. As District Vehari is an economically poor district of Punjab (Pakistan). So the present study intended to evaluate the consumption pattern of TV of school going children of an economically weaker city. The sample comprised of 420 school-going children. A survey questionnaire was developed to collect the required information. Qualitative information was also gathered from the parents of the students to gauge their economic status. Findings of the study revealed that the reason to spend this much time on TV viewing is the economic condition of families. Parents cannot afford personal gadgets for their kids so children are bound to watch TV. However TV viewing varied with the individual differences of the students i.e. age, and gender etc
Individually Perceived Stress as a Mediator Between High Accomplishment Work Practices and Firm Performance
Get PDFThis research paper investigates the mediatory effect of Individually Perceived Stress in the direct relationship of high accomplishment work practices and financial performance of Firm. This research narrates different mechanisms and procedure through which work practices enhances firm performance. Cross Sectional research design is opted for data collection purpose. Data is collected from 500 employees of banking industry and analysis of data is done through Confirmatory Factor Analysis and Multiple Regression Analysis. The analysis of collected data shows that Individually Perceived Stress significantly affects the direct relationship of High-Performance Work Practices and Firm Financial Performance. Stress changes the direction of implemented practices in opposite direction due to which resultant results doesn’t match with the desired results. This paper contributes to literature by responding to the long waiting call for explaining importance of stress in high performance work practices and firm performance linkage. This paper also strengthens the literature by adding individual effect of four constructs of High Performance Work Practices. Current research also holds important and valuable implications for governing bodies or managing authorities of institutions
A Causal Nexus of Energy Consumption, Private Investment, Economic Growth and Environmental Degradation: Evidence from Pakistan
Get PDFThe importance of private investment in the growth process of a country cannot be denied, however, its relationship with environmental degradation has not got much attention from researchers yet. The present study is an attempt to divert the attention of researchers and policy makers to the association with private investment and environmental degradation. The time series data was used from 1975 to 2017. The data was taken from WDI. To analyze the causal link among environmental degradation, private investment, energy consumption and economic growth, Vector Autoregressive (VAR) model is used. Granger causality test is employed for knowing the course of causality in the variables. The results of the VAR model suggest that if an innovation of one standard deviation occurs from outside, it takes about 12 years for CO2 emissions, 9 years for private investment, 10 years for energy consumption and about 8years for economic growth to adjust. Moreover, the results show that most of the variation in all variables is explained by their own. Granger causality test identifies four unilateral causalities in the variables running from CO2 emissions to economic growth while the consumption of energy to CO2 emissions, energy consumption to economic growth while from economic growth to private investment. The study recommends policy makers to make environmental friendly policies regarding consumption of energy, private investment and also economic growth
Enhancing the Academic Performance of Students: A Real-Life Application of Quality Function Deployment
Get PDFQuality Function Deployment (QFD) is a fastidious method to acclimatize what the customers wish to achieve and how their desiderata should be incorporated into final technical solutions. QFD as a structured approach is widely acknowledged; and has been adopted successfully in almost every field of knowledge and services like engineering, service quality, education quality, planning, decision making, etc. Students, through Education, internalize high level qualities of social and cultural importance, intellectual well-beings, emotionally stable and physically improved skills. Quality education refers to the level of accomplishment of these qualities. This paper addresses the Voices of Students (VOSs) (student’s needs and demands) regarding their educational requirements at secondary school level. The objective is accomplished by recognizing significant VOSs; and then determining their Technical Solution called Solution of VOSs, (SVOSs) to resolve VOSs. Finally, the guideline for the SVOSs is provided addressing which SVOSs is most important and which one is least. The recommended methodology also provides a guideline for secondary schools to identify problems and their solution for improved standard and improved quality of education
Impact of Re-Enactment Based Crime Shows of Pakistani Private Channels on Youth
Get PDFThis is a survey based study that investigates the impact of reenactment based crime shows on youth. The study is conducted in educational institutions of South Punjab (Pakistan). a sample of 100 respondent was collected through distribution of the questionnaire and their response was analyzed. The results were analyzed by using five variables namely: Violence, Language, Seduction, Instigation and Fear. It was interesting to find that many of the youth consider some sort of violence and foul language justified in the given situation of the reenactment show. A significant number of youth found the use of alcohol and smoking inappropriate and use of lie in given situation unacceptable. There was a significant number of youth respondents who found the display of love, romance, flirt, prostitution, physical relations and rape seducing, in different scenes of reenactment crime shows. There were some youth viewers who felt the society unsafe for them or others after watching violence and crimes in the reenactment shows
A Comparison of Students’ Academic Achievement in English in Single-Sex and Co-Educational Schools
Get PDFIn this ex post facto research, the difference in students’ academic achievement in English has been examined in single-sex and co-educational schools on the bases of data obtained from 576 students from 03 boys’ only, 04 girls’ only, and 07 co-educational secondary schools from Multan. Students’ score in achievement test and gain in grades obtained in the subject of English from 2001 to 2005 were analysed using t-test of independent samples against grouping variable type of school students attended. Statistical control was also applied in the analyses of co-variance over confounding variables associated with students’ family and school. Both boys and girls from single-sex schools obtained better score in achievement test and gained better grades than students from co-educational schools and this difference remained statistically significant even after applying statistical control
The Role of Human Capital Formation in Poverty Mitigation: A Co-integration Analysis from Pakistan
Get PDFThe present study tries to explore the dynamic relationship betweenhuman capital formation and poverty mitigation by adopting the courseof investment in education and health substances. For this sake, studytakes heath expenditure and infant mortality rate as health indicatorswhile status of education is captured with literacy rate and enrollment inhigher education. Time series data is employed ranges from 1973-2013.The properties of time series data are inspected with the ADF test whilstPP test is employed for the robustness of unit root results. Mixed order ofintegration of data compels us to make use of ARDL technique for theestimation. Similarly, one unit change in health expenditures lead toreduce 0.251 units of poverty and one unit change in infant mortalitycause to reduce poverty by 0.04 units. In last, one unit increase inliteracy rate changes 1.03 units in poverty and one unit change in highereducation results in 0.003 unit’s change in poverty. The results of thestudy leave us with a clear finale for an optimal policy formulation that,Pakistan is in sturdy need of investment in health and educationsubstances for a noteworthy accumulation of human capital for a rightway poverty mitigation policy