Review of Economics and Development Studies (READS) (E-Journal)
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Determinants Affecting Governance in Response to Economic Development in the Developing Countries: Evidence from Pakistan
Get PDFThe governance system of any country is required to be stable in any country. This study is the initial attempt to find the determinants of governance in Pakistan. The data has been collected from World Bank Data Bank from 2002-2016. The correlation test and Structural Equation Modeling is applied to the data. The governance is the construct variable in Structural Equation Modeling. The results shows that Voice and Accountability, Political Stability and Violence Terrorism, Government Effectiveness, Gross Domestic Product per Capital Growth, Gross National Index growth. Gender diversity and Human Development are the factors of governance in Pakistan. It can be argued that Regulatory quality, Rule of Law and the control of corruptions are not the confirmed factors of governance the latent variable in Pakistan. I can say that Regulatory Quality is not important for the governance. The regulatory quality is not important factor for governance in Pakistan but Voice and accountability, Political stability and the government effectiveness are the confirmed factors for the governance. The governance in Pakistan is poor but other determinants are of economic growth and developments are improving so this shows that if Policy makers want to improve the governance determinants then it will have positive effect on the economic development
Interplay of Organizational Commitment and Turnover Intention in Academic Sector
Get PDFOrganizational commitment is considered as an important variable in the reduction of turnover of employees. It is well documented that those employees who are more committed with their respective organizations are less likely to quit those organizations. This study is aimed to examine the relationship of organizational commitment with turnover intention of academic staff as it has been less focused in academic sector of Pakistan. We collected data from 320 respondents of seven public universities located at Peshawar division, Pakistan. We used structural equation modeling (SEM) in order to analyze the collected data. Findings of our study also reported significant negative relationship between the two variables. Such results further revealed that if academic staffs are psychologically, emotionally and morally attached with their respective universities, they are less intended to quit those universities. Results also validate social exchange theory. Theoretical and practical implications are discussed in the study
An Empirical Analysis of Organizational Performance of Construction Companies in Pakistan through Mediating Role of Conflict Management Effectiveness
Get PDFThis paper aims to examine the impact of organizational factors and verify mediating role of conflict management effectiveness on perceived performance of registered construction companies in Pakistan. The study adopts a survey research design using a well-structured questionnaire of 450 employees from construction companies located in Lahore and Karachi. The construction industry is characterized by performance setbacks for decades. Descriptive statistics and mediation analysis were employed to analyze the conceptual model. The research paper concludes that distortions in reduced workforce productivity and relationship conflicts should be overcome by capable professional & administrative services. The analysis depicts that socio-economic and political factors play a significant role to maintain the quality in local construction industry. The findings reveal that performance of construction companies is significantly related to internal factors i.e. workforce productivity, decentralization, perceived organizational politics and relationship conflict. The study provides guidelines to organizational decision-makers and government policy-makers for public reforms in infrastructure to improve their output. The present study was undertaken to provide new horizons and advance understanding on organizational performance (OP) of construction companies in Pakistan. The most significant part of this study is the comprehensive five-factor organizational performance model designed to test mediation among variables using partial least square structural equation modelling (SEM)
The Impact of Workplace Ostracism on Job Performance with the Mediating Role of Emotional Exhaustion: Evidence from Public Sector Universities of Pakistan
Get PDFThis study was conducted with an intention to investigate the influence of workplace ostracism on job performance with mediating effect of emotional exhaustion in higher educational institutions. Data was collected using a quantitative technique through questionnaire form a sample of 317 workers serving at state universities located in twin cities of Islamabad/ Rawalpindi. Simple random sampling technique was adopted. Data was analyzed through SPSS and AMOS software. Results of the study shown that workplace ostracism is significantly associated with job performance. The present study also revealed the mediating effect of emotional exhaustion in the relationship between workplace ostracism and job performance
Households Socio-Economic Determinants of Childhood Diarrhoea Morbidity in Selected South Asian Countries
Get PDFThis study attempts to find out the association between the householdsocioeconomic factors with childhood diarrhoea in Pakistan, Bangladeshand Nepal. To estimate the determinants of diarrhoea, the study uses thedata derived from the Demographic and Health Surveys (DHS) in threeAsian countries: Pakistan, Bangladesh and Nepal from 2011 to 2013. Tofind out the diarrhoea morbidity among child under five, the child age,child gender, mother’s education and working status, child immunization,source of drinking water, type of toilet facility, washing hands behavior,floor material, and economic status of household has been used asindependent variables. Binary logistic model is used to estimate theprobability of diarrhoea morbidity among children of selected countries inthis study. The results of binary logistic regression indicate that to reducediarrhoea morbidity, washing hands especially after using toilet and attime of preparing food and eating food can play a major part. Mother’seducation and work status have significant impact on diarrhoea morbidity.The study concludes that family size has a strong impact on childhooddiarrhoea morbidity. In small families, mothers have more time for childcare than large families. So the chances of diarrhoea incidence are less insmall families
Socioeconomic and Demographic Factors Affecting Individual’s
Get PDFLife satisfaction is increasingly recognized as a significant dimension ofwellbeing. Thus the main b of the objective study will be to explore theassociation among income, family composition, health, and religion overlife satisfaction. In this effort, correlates of the life satisfaction for theSAARC countries Pakistan, India, and Bangladesh analyzed. Micro datafrom the World Values Survey (WVS) fourth wave (1999 to 2004) forPakistan, India and Bangladesh was utilized comprising a wide range ofinformation on political, social and cultural values of countries. Themultinomial logistic regression was employed to examine the effects ofvarious socioeconomic and demographic factors on life satisfaction.Health, income, shows significant positive factor in determining lifesatisfaction, however financial satisfaction is overpowered by religiousfaith especially in India and Pakistan. Employment had a positive impacton individual’s satisfaction in Pakistan and India. Gender, education hasinsignificant impact on life satisfaction in three countries. Age hasinsignificant effect on life satisfaction in Pakistan, while showsinsignificant impact in India and Bangladesh. Preferences for democracyare associated with life satisfaction in India and Bangladesh
Trade Openness, External Debt and Growth Nexus in Pakistan: Empirical Evidence from ARDL Modeling Approach & Co-Integration Causality Analysis
Get PDFThis Empirical study Explores the Influence of trade openness andexternal debt on economic growth by using time series data from 1974 -2016. Gross domestic Product (GDP) as dependent variable whileForeign Direct Investment, Inflation, External debt, Capital formationand Trade as explanatory variable are used. Unit Root Test applies tocheck the stationary of data in which GDP & INF are integrate at level1(0) while the channel of variables like FDI, T, ED, CF are integrate at1stdifference. Auto-regressive distributed lagged model (ARDL)technique applies for estimation. The study finds out the relation betweenchannels of variable that how these variables are interrelated. Thefindings indicate that External debt and capital formation has Inverseinfluence on Economic growth while Trade Openness, Inflation, foreignDirect Investment has positive impact on economic growth
Impact of Trade Openness on Economic Growth: A Case Study of Pakistan
Get PDFPurpose: This paper estimates the impact of trade openness and economicgrowth in Pakistan by using time series data from period of 1975-2014.Econometric method was applied to estimate the impact of trade openness oneconomic growth. Gross fixed capital formation (proxy of investment),Foreign direct investment, Imports, Exports & trade openness (proxy of tradeopenness to check the volume of trade of a country) is used as explanatoryvariables while gross domestic product is treated as dependent variable in thisstudy. Johansson co. integration approach developed by Johannes & Jeslius(1988) is used to evaluate the long run relationship among variables in thisstudy. The results suggest that trade openness, imports, exports and foreigndirect investment cast have positive impact on economic growth while on theother hand; gross fixed capital formation &labor force has negative impact oneconomic growth
Determinants of Cost Efficiency of Takaful and Conventional Insurance Firms of Pakistan
Get PDFThis study investigates the Efficiency Performance of Takaful and Conventional Insurance Firms of Pakistan in terms of Cost, Allocative and Technical efficiencies for the period of 2010-2015. Six years panel data of Takaful and listed Conventional Insurance Firms of Pakistan is taken under consideration. The Methodology of Data Envelopment Analysis (DEA) is used in order to estimate efficiencies scores. Furthermore, Tobit Regression Analysis is carried out for determination of the real contributors of efficiencies in Insurance and takaful Industry of Pakistan. In Data Envelopment Analysis, Labor, Total Fixed Assets and Total Equity Capital are used as input variables. Simultaneously, the price variables are used along with input variables such as Price of Labor, Price of Total Fixed Assets and Price of Total Equity Capital. The output variables include Invested Assets, Investment Incomes and Net Premiums. In second Stage Analysis (i.e. Tobit regression), DEA efficiency scores are used as dependent variable, whereas Age, Size, and Leverage are used as independent variables along with the dummy for conventional and Takaful firms of Pakistan. This study found that Takaful and insurance firms have been operating on almost equal efficiency levels. Furthermore LEVERAGE is the main contributor for efficiency optimization, followed by the firm SIZE, whereas, firm’s AGE has no contribution in efficiency scores
Impacts of Oil Discovery on Households in Uganda: A CGE Analysis
Get PDFThis study analyses the impact of oil discovery on household poverty and inequality by employing a CGE model using 2007 SAM for Uganda. The oil production and export simulations show a decline in absolute poverty, poverty gaps and severity. Further, our findings showcase a positive effect of production and exports on household welfare, except for urban farm households. This study recommends for the managers of the economy to pay special attention towards injection of a reasonable portion of oil rent in sectors which positively contribute to the economy, diversify non-oil exports and above all, boost private consumption