Ufuk Universitesi Akademik Acikerisim Sistemi
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Kidney transplantation: single-center experience
Get PDFObjectives: This study aims to present our cadaveric and living related donor kidney transplantation experience.
Methods: Between September 2009 to February 2015, renal transplantations were performed to 417 patients in Medicana International Ankara Hospital organ transplantation center.
Results: Of the patients, 231 were male, and 186 were female. Of the transplantations, 385 came from a living donor, and 32 came from a cadaver donor. The degree of kinship; 324 (77.7%) transplants were received from relatives, 5 (14.1%) with approval by the ethical committee, 32 (7.7%) from cadavers and two (0.5%) with cross-matching. Post-Operative Complications in recipients; lymphocele was found within the graft in two cases, urinary anastomosis leakage was detected in two cases, wound infection was detected in four cases, and hematoma in one case. We had no mortality in post operative or early follow up periods.
Conclusion: The morbidity and mortality rates in our organ transplantation center, regarding renal transplantations, are consistent with the literature
INFORMED CONSENT IN MEDICAL TREATMENT
No full textKişi özerkliği ve kişinin kendi kaderini belirleme hakkı kapsamında önemi giderek artan aydınlatılmış onam hasta-hekim ilişkisinin önemli bir unsuru haline gelmiştir. Hekim mesleğini icra ederken her ne kadar tedavi özgürlüğüne sahip olsa da; kişinin kendi geleceğini belirleme hakkı vazgeçilemez kişilik haklarından olduğu için hekim her tıbbi müdahaleden önce hastanın rızasını almak zorundadır. Hastanın uygulanacak tıbbi müdahaleye serbest iradesiyle karar verebilmesi de hekimin bu konuda onu aydınlatarak yol göstermesine bağlıdır. Bu sebeple aydınlatılmış onam bir taraftan kişinin özgür bir biçimde kendi geleceğini belirleme hakkını korurken diğer taraftan tıp etiğinde yer alan yararlılık, zarar vermeme, özerkliğe saygı ve adalet ilkelerinin sağlanması bakımından büyük bir önem arz eder.Within the scope of individual’s self-determination and making decision about his destiny rights, the importance of being aware about one’s own condition has being gradually increased and informed consent became an important part of the relation between patient and doctor. Although doctors have freedom of implementing any treatment choice, they must seek patient’s consent before implementing it, because the person’s self-determination right is one of the unalieable rights. Patient’s decision with free will depends on the detailed information provided by the doctor about the treatment that will be implemented to the patient. For that reason, informed consent protects the patient’s decisionfreely to determine his future on one hand, and it fulfils the principles of efectuality in medical ethics, respect to self-determination, nonmaleficence, and justice, on the other
Association of APOA5-1131T>C polymorphism with obesity in coronary artery disease
Get PDFObjective: Genetic risk factors that cause coronary artery disease (CAD) demonstrate variations in different populations. In this study, a single nucleotide polymorphism in the APOA5 gene was targeted to determine genetic contributors to atherosclerotic CAD. The effects of this polymorphism on the development of CAD and known risk factors of the disease were examined. Methods: A total of 448 patients with angina or acute myocardial infarction who underwent coronary angiography were grouped as individuals with normal coronary arteries (= 50% stenosis). The angiographic severity and the extent of atherosclerotic CAD were assessed using the Gensini and SYNTAX scores. Individuals were genotyped for the APOA5-1131T>C polymorphism using hydrolysis probes and the results were evaluated. Results: The APOA5-1131T>C polymorphism was associated with the serum lipid levels in the non-CAD group (pC and type 2 diabetes mellitus (p=0.055). This polymorphism was found to be associated with obesity and it was observed that the APOA5 -1131C allele carriers had a reduced risk for obesity (pC polymorphism was associated with important risk factors for CAD, obesity and serum lipid levels
The effect of administrative staff wages on motivation in public and foundation universities (The case of Ankara)
No full textGelişen dünya ekonomisinde kişilerin kendi üretimleri yahut işletmeleri vasıtasıyla kazanım elde etmeleri hali yerini, daha ziyade bir işverenin yanında çalışarak, başta ücret olmak üzere tüm özlük hakları bakımından işverene bağlı konumda yer almaya bırakmıştır. Bir başka ifade ile, dünya ülkelerinde nüfusun çoğunluğu kendi işletmesini işletmek suretiyle hayatını idame ettirecek gelire kavuşmaktansa, bir başka kişinin işletmesinde çalışarak gelir elde etmektedir. İlk ihtimalde kişinin kendi patronu olması ve kazanım bakımından kendisine tabi olması neticesinde, ücretin kişiyi ne şekilde etkilediğinin araştırılmasına gerek kalmamaktadır. Bir başkasının hizmetinde çalışan kişiler bakımından ücretin performansa etkisi ise, son derece önem arz eden bir husus olarak karşımıza çıkmaktadır. Bu sebeple bu konu çalışmada ayrıntıları ile ele alınmaya çalışılarak, gerek çalışanların sınıflandırılması, gerekse ücretin farklı çalışan tipleri açısından farklı etkiler yaratması durumu değerlendirilerek bu durumun uygulamada ne gibi sonuçlar doğuracağı, çalışanlar üzerinde nasıl etki edeceği incelenmeye çalışılmıştır.Due to devoloping economy all around the World, people now prefer to work with someone else instead of running their own businesses. So as a conclusion, people are depend on employers in terms of personal rights such as wages. In other words, the greater part of the world's population prefer to work in another operation. In the case of being its own boss, we dont need to investigate the affects of wages. Because, in this case, people are depend on theirselves, not to another employers. But, for the workers, the effect of the wages on effort, is a significant point for us. Fort this reasons, this subject is searching in this thesis, and at the same time, we try to classificate the workers and effects of wages about different types of workers, and the conclusions of this situations
Trends in management information systems in the field ofacademic study done in Turkey
No full textBu çalışma, Türkiye'de son beş yılda YBS Ana Bilim Dalında gerçekleştirilen araştırmalara ait yönelimleri ortaya çıkarmak amacıyla gerçekleştirilmiştir. Bu bağlamda, YÖK – UTM veri tabanındaki yüksek lisans ve doktora tezleri doküman analiz yöntemiyle incelenmiştir. Çalışmanın kapsamında, 324 yüksek lisans ve 32 doktora tezi olmak üzere toplamda 356 lisansüstü tez çalışması yer almaktadır. Lisansüstü tezler gerçekleştirildiği yıl, araştırma konusu, araştırma yöntemi, veri toplama ve veri analiz yöntemlerine göre kategorilere ayrılmıştır. Çalışma sonucunda elde edilen bulgular; YBS Ana Bilim Dalı lisansüstü çalışmaların ağırlıklı olarak yazılım, bilişim sistemlerinde karar verme ve bilişim sistemleri konuları üzerine odaklandığını göstermektedir. Ayrıca, Endüstri 4.0 döneminin yenilikçi teknolojilerine daha az yer verildiği sonucuna ulaşılmıştır. YBS Ana Bilim Dalı ile gerçekleştirilen çalışmalarda en çok nitel araştırma yöntemlerinin tercih edildiği ve veri toplama aracı olarak anketlerin kullanıldığı sonucuna ulaşılmıştır. Çalışmanın daha geniş bir zaman aralığını kapsayacak şekilde yapılmasının ve YBS bilim dalının ülkemizde gelişimini ve devamlılığını sağlamak için çalışmalarda özellikle Endüstri 4.0 döneminde ortaya çıkan yenilikçi teknolojilere yer verilmesinin faydalı olacağı düşünülmektedir.This study trends of the last five years on research carried out in the MIS majors in Turkey was carried out to uncover. In this context, master's and doctoral theses in YÖK - UTM database have been analyzed using document analysis method. In the study, 356 graduate thesis studies were examined, including 324 master's and 32 doctoral dissertations. Graduate theses are categorized according to the year in which they are carried out, research area, research method, data collection and analysis method. Findings of the study; MIS department shows that postgraduate studies mainly focus on software, decision making in information systems and information systems. In addition, it has been concluded that the innovative technologies of the Industry 4.0 era are less involved. It was concluded that qualitative research methods were mostly preferred in studies conducted with MIS department and questionnaires were used as data collection tools. It is thought that it will be beneficial to carry out the study in a wider time period and to include innovative technologies that emerged in the Industry 4.0 period in the studies in order to ensure the development and continuity of the MIS science branch in our country
The frequency of pressure injury in the intensive care units of a university hospital
No full textBu araştırma, bir üniversite hastanesinin yoğun bakım ünitelerinde tedavi gören hastalarda basınç yaralanması görülme oranının ve basınç yaralanması risk faktörlerinin belirlenmesi amacıyla, kesitsel olarak yapılmıştır. Araştırma kapsamına 10 Haziran - 27 Ağustos 2019 tarihleri arasında yoğun bakım ünitelerinde 48 saatten uzun süre tedavi gören 18 yaşın üzerindeki 261 hasta dahil edilmiştir. Verilerin toplanmasında araştırmacı tarafından, literatür ışığında hazırlanan "Hastalara İlişkin Tanıtıcı Özellikler Formu" ve "Yara Tanılama Formu" kullanılmıştır. Araştırmanın yürütülmesi için Ankara Üniversitesi Klinik Araştırmalar Etik Kurulu'ndan ve araştırmanın yürütüldüğü hastane yönetiminden yazılı izin alınmıştır. Verilerin analizinde; IBM SPSS Statistics 11.5 programında, tanımlayıcı istatistikler, t Testi, Mann Whitney U Testi, Fisher Kesin Ki Kare Testi ve Çok Değişkenli Lojistik Regresyon Analizi kullanıldı. Araştırmadan elde edilen bulgulara göre, yoğun bakım ünitelerinde tedavi gören hastalarda basınç yaralanması prevalansı %37.2, basınç yaralanması insidansı %19.9 olarak tespit edildi. Basınç yaralanmalarının en sık görüldüğü bölge "Sakrum" (%31), en sık oluştuğu evre ise "Evre II" (%47) şeklinde bulundu. 3.basamak yoğun bakım ünitelerinde basınç yaralanması bulunan 65 hastanın %56.4'ünde yoğun bakım ünitesine yatışından önce basınç yaralanması geliştiği tespit edildi. Tüm basınç yaralanmalarının %24'ünün "Tıbbi Araçlar" nedeniyle geliştiği ve en sık basınç yaralanmasına sebep olan tıbbi aracın "Antitromboembolitik Çorap" (%35.4) olduğu, öne çıkan basınç yaralanması risk faktörlerinin; "Solunum Yetmezliği", "Sepsis", "Kalp Hastalığı", "Oral Yolla Beslenememe", "Sedatif Kullanımı" ve "Hipoalbuminemi" olduğu sonucuna ulaşıldı. Bu bulgular ışığında, yoğun bakım ünitelerine kabul edilen hastaların cilt değerlendirmesi ve yara tanılamasının, en erken zamanda yapılarak bakımının planlanması ve kurumların geliştirdiği bakım protokollerinde, tıbbi araçlara bağlı basınç yaralanmalarının önlenmesine yönelik girişimlere de yer verilmesi önerilmektedir.In order to determine the rate of pressure injury frequency and risk factors of pressure injury in patients treated in intensive care units of a university hospital; this research was carried out cross-sectionally. 261 patients over the age of 18 who were treated in intensive care units for more than 48 hours between 10 June and 27 August 2019 were included in the research. In the collection of the data, "Descriptive Characteristics Form for Patients" and "Wound Diagnosis Form" prepared by the researcher in the light of the literature were used. Written permission was obtained from the Ankara University Clinical Research Ethics Committee and the hospital administration where the study was conducted to carry out the study. Descriptive statistics, t Test, Mann Whitney U Test, Fisher Precise Chi Square Test and Multi Variable Logistic Regression Analysis were used in the analysis of the data. According to the findings obtained from this study, the prevalence of pressure injury was detected as 37.2% and the the incidence of pressure injury was detected as 19.9% in patients under treatment in intensive care units. The region where the pressure injury was most common was found as "Sacrum" (31%), and the phase where it occurred most frequently was found "Stage II" (47%). The 56.4 percentage of 65 patients with pressure injuries in tertiary intensive care units had been detected developing of the pressure injuries before their hospitalization in the intensive care unit. In this study, it was concluded that 24% of all pressure injuries developed due to "Medical Devices" and the medical device that caused the most common pressure injury was "Anti Thromboembolic Socks" (35.4%). In addition, it was concluded that the prominent risk factors of pressure injury were "Respiratory failure", "Sepsis", "Heart disease", "Not Being Able To Feed Orally", "Sedative use" and "Hypoalbuminemia". In the light of these results, it is recommended to plan the patient's care at the earliest time by performing the skin evaluation and wound diagnosis of the patients accepted to the intensive care units. It is also recommended to include attempts to prevent pressure injuries due to medical devices in the care protocols developed by the institutions
Maternal depression, anxiety, psychoticism and paranoid ideation have effects on developmental delay types of infants: A study with clinical infant-mother dyads
No full textBackground
Developmental delay in infancy includes cognitive-language delay, fine motor delay, gross motor delay, and social-self help delay. Delay in one intellectual domain frequently effects the other areas of development; therefore, determining risk factors are essential. In this study, we evaluated the relationship between maternal psychiatric symptoms and developmental delay types of infants who have not a known risk factor and are expected to show healthy development but have some behavioral and developmental problems.
Methods
The sample consisted of 79 infant–mother (26 girls, 53 boys) dyads who had been admitted to the Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry at Gulhane Research and Training Hospital over a one year period. Brief Infant-Toddler Social and Emotional Assessment Scale, Brief Symptom Inventory and Ankara Developmental Screening Inventory were used.
Results
The most frequent developmental delay types were fine motor and social -self-help delay in this sample. For all developmentally delayed infants, maternal interpersonal sensitivity, and depression scores were higher than healthy developed ones. Logistic regression analyses revealed the risk factors: Higher maternal paranoid ideation increases the language-cognitive delay; maternal hostility and anxiety increase the gross motor delay; maternal psychoticism increases the social and self-help delay, and maternal depression increases the total development delay of infants.
Conclusion
Maternal depression, anxiety, psychoticism, and paranoid ideation are important risk factors for infants' developmental delay types and should be addressed while evaluating infant-mother dyads in clinical practice
Situation in Turkey of migrants; Southeast sample
No full textİnsanlık tarihi boyunca, insanlar kimi zaman kendi istekleri, kimi zamanda zorunlu bir biçimde göç olaylarına tanık olmuşlardır. İnsanların göç hareketleri toplumun yapısında birtakım değişimleri de beraberinde getirmiştir. Ortadoğu coğrafyasındaki yönetimin değişiminin son halkası olan Arap baharı sonucunda yönetim hareketlerinde beklenen değişiklik günümüzde hala amacına ulaşmış değildir. Suriye'de yaşanan iç savaş ile beraber, insanlık tarihinin ve günümüze kadar dünyada yaşanan göç tarihinin zorunlu ve en büyük iç ve dış göç hareketliliği yaşanmaktadır. Türkiye'nin Suriye'ye sınır komşusu konumunda olması ve iki toplum arasında geçmişten günümüze kadar uzanan ortak kültürel mirastan dolayı Suriye'de yaşanan göç dalgasının en çok etkilenen ve Suriye halkı tarafından en çok tercih edilen ülkelerin başında Türkiye gelmektedir. Bu çalışmada gerek Suriye'de yaşanan iç savaş, gerekse de ülkemizin sınır komşuları olan diğer ülkelerde yaşadıkları problemlerden dolayı göç eden insanların Güneydoğu Anadolu Bölgesi'nde yer alan illerimizi ekonomik, kültürel ve sosyal açılardan nasıl etkilediği yanında ülkemizde yaşayan göçmenlerin yaşamış oldukları sorunlar irdelenecektir.Throughout the history of humanity, people have sometimes witnessed the events of their own will and sometimes the necessity of migration. Migration movements of people have brought about some changes in the structure of society. As a result of the Arab Spring, which is the last link of the change of the administration in the Middle East, the expected change in the management movements still has not reached its goal today. Along with the civil war in Syria, the history of humanity and the history of migration in the world to date are the most important and the greatest mobilization of internal and external migration. One of the most preferred countries by Turkey's Syria border neighbors to be in position, and between the two communities most affected by the wave of immigration in Syria due to the common cultural heritage ranging from the past and the people of Syria are from Turkey. In this study, the problems of immigrants living in our country as well as the economic, cultural and social aspects of the migration of the people living in the Southeast Anatolia Region due to the civil war in Syria and the problems experienced in other countries, which are border neighbors of our country, will be examined
PORTFOLIO OPTIMIZATION WITH QUADRATIC PROGRAMMING: THE EXAMPLE OF ISTANBUL STOCK EXCHANGE
No full textYatırımcılar açısından risk önemli bir kavramdır. Özellikle pay yatırımcıları oluşturmaya çalıştıkları portföyler aracılığıyla riski minimum etmeyi amaçlarlar. İyi bir portföy yönetimi ile portföyün bir bütün olarak sahip olduğu risk, portföyü oluşturan her bir menkul kıymetin sahip olduğu riskler toplamından daha az olacağı için menkul kıymet yatırımına ilişkin olarak riski azaltmak mümkün olmaktadır. Bu çalışmada, Borsa İstanbul (BIST)’de işlem gören firmaların aylık getirileri üzerinde Markowitz karesel programlama yöntemi kullanılarak oluşturulan portföylerin seçimi yapılmıştır. Çalışmada, 01.01.2017 – 01.06.2020 dönemi BIST 100 endeksi ve Borsa İstanbul’da işlem gören 130 firmanın aylık verilerinden yararlanılarak BIST 100 endeksi ile benzer risk-getiri yapısında ve endeksten daha fazla getiriye sahip portföy modelleri seçilmiştir. 1’den 49’a kadar çeşitli ağırlıkta paylardan oluşan portföyler oluşturulmuştur. Çalışma sonucunda BIST 100 endeksi ile eşit risk-getiri değerine sahip olan portföy, BIST 100 endeksinin getirisi sabit kalmak koşulu ile daha düşük riske sahip bir portföy ve etkin sınır üzerinde yer alan alternatif portföy bileşenleri gösterilmiştir.Risk is an important concept for investors. Especially stock investors aim to minimize the risk through the portfolios they try to create. With a good portfolio management, it is possible to reduce the risk regarding the investment in securities, as the risk of the portfolio as a whole will be less than the total risks of each security that make up the portfolio. In this study, the selection of portfolios created by using Markowitz quadratic programming method on monthly returns of firms traded in Istanbul Stock Exchange (BIST) is made. In the period of 01.01.2017 - 01.06.2020 portfolio models with a similar risk-return structure with the BIST 100 index and with a higher return than the index was selected by using monthly data of the BIST 100 index and monthly data of 130 companies traded in Istanbul Stock Exchange. Portfolios was created from stocks with various weights from 1 to 49. As a result of the study, a portfolio with a riskreturn value equal to the BIST 100 index, a portfolio with lower risk provided that the return of the BIST 100 index remains constant, and alternative portfolio components located on the efficient frontier was shown
Utilization of statins and LDL-cholesterol target attainment in Turkish patients with type 2 diabetes - a nationwide cross-sectional study (TEMD dyslipidemia study)
No full textBackground: Attaining acceptable levels of LDL Cholesterol (LDL-C) significantly improves cardiovascular (CV) outcomes in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). The LDL-C target attainment and the characteristics of patients attaining these targets were investigated in this study. Furthermore, the reasons for not choosing statins and the physicians’ attitudes on the treatment of diabetic dyslipidemia were also examined. Methods: A nationwide, cross-sectional survey was conducted in tertiary centers for diabetes management. Adult patients with T2DM, who were under follow-up for at least a year in outpatient clinics, were consecutively enrolled for the study. LDL-C goals were defined as below 70 mg/dL for patients with macrovascular complications or diabetic nephropathy, and below 100 mg/dL for other patients. Data about lipid-lowering medications were self-reported. Results: A total of 4504 patients (female: 58.6%) were enrolled for the study. The mean HbA1c and diabetes duration was 7.73 ± 1.74% and 10.9 ± 7.5 years, respectively. The need for statin treatment was 94.9% (n = 4262); however, only 42.4% (n = 1807) of these patients were under treatment, and only 24.8% (n = 448) of these patients achieved LDL-C targets. The main reason for statin discontinuation was negative media coverage (87.5%), while only a minority of patients (12.5%) mentioned side effects. Physicians initiated lipid-lowering therapy in only 20.3% of patients with high LDL-C levels. It was observed that the female gender was a significant independent predictor of not attaining LDL-C goals (OR: 0.70, 95% CI: 0.59–0.83). Conclusions: Less than 50 % of patients with T2DM who need statins were under treatment, and only a quarter of them attained their LDL-C targets. There exists a significant gap between the guideline recommendations and the real-world evidence in the treatment of dyslipidemia in T2DM. © 2020, The Author(s).Ankara UniversitesiThe physicians and nurses in every TEMD study center who took role in recruitment of patients are acknowledged as the collaborators of TEMD Dyslipidemia Study (see supplementary data). The authors also appreciatively acknowledge the critical reviews and contributions of Professor Meral Kayikcioglu and Professor Ilker Tasci during the preparation of the manuscript. Consortium members and affiliations TEMD Study Group: Sibel Guldiken19, Semra Ayturk19, Murat Yilmaz20, Mehmet Asik21, Nevin Dinccag18, Ramazan Cakmak18, Fulya Turker18, Cemile Idiz18, Hulya Hacisahinogullari18, Elif Bagdemir18, Busra Yildiz18, Ozlem Haliloglu16, Seda Sancak22, Levent Ozsari23, Eylem Cagiltay23, Oguzhan Deyneli24, Eren Imre24, Sait Gonen25, S Nur Boysan19, Yuksel Altuntas26, Feyza Yener Ozturk26, Meral Mert27, Hamide Piskinpasa27, Hasan Aydin28, Sazi Imamoglu29, Ozen Oz Gul25, Sinem Kucuksarac Kiyici30, Berrin Cetinarslan31, Alev Selek31, Teoman Dogru32, Ali Kirik32, Belgin Efe14, Ahmet Kaya33, Ilker Cordan33, Suleyman Baldane34, Cem Onur Kirac34, Zehra Capa3, Mustafa Cesur35, Ilhan Yetkin36, Demet Corapcioglu37, Sule Canlar37, Okan Bulent Yildiz38, Suleyman Nahit Sendur38, Bekir Cakir9, Ahmet Corakci39, Mustafa Kutlu40, Neslihan Bascil Tutuncu41, Yusuf Bozkus41, Erman Cakal42, Berrin Demirbas43, Sibel Ertek44, Mustafa Altay45, Murat Dagdeviren45, Amir Hossein Abedi1, Sevki Cetinkalp46, Hatice Ozisik46, Guzide Gonca Oruk47, Serkan Yener48, Basak Ozgen Saydam48, Engin Guney49, Mustafa Unubol49, Guzin Fidan Yaylali50, Senay Topsakal50, Zeliha Hekimsoy51, Gulhan Akbaba52, Ibrahim Aslan53, Sefika Dalkiran13, Esen Akbay54, Kamile Gul55, Muge Ozsan Yilmaz6, Emre Bozkirli56, Seher Cetinkaya Altuntas12, Aysegul Atmaca57, Elif Tutku Durmu?57, Turkan Mete58, Faruk Kutluturk59, Ferit Kerim Kucukler60, Oguz Dikbas61, Safak Akin62, Irfan Nuhoglu63, Halil Onder Ersoz63, Taner Bayraktaroglu64, P?nar Sisman65, Ibrahim Sahin66, Sedat Cetin66, Ilyas Capoglu67, Emin Murat Akbas67, R?fk? Ucler68, Mehmet Ali Eren4, Alpaslan Kemal Tuzcu69, Zafer Pekkolay69, Mesut Ozkaya70, Mustafa Araz71.19Trakya University, School of Medicine, Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Turkey.20Corlu REYAP Private Hospital, Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Turkey.21Canakkale 18 March University, School of Medicine, Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Turkey.22University of Health Sciences, School of Medicine, Fatih Sultan Mehmet Training and Research Hospital, Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Turkey.23University of Health Sciences, School of Medicine, Sultanabdulhamit Training and Research Hospital, Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Turkey.24Marmara University, School of Medicine, Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Turkey.25Istanbul Science University, School of Medicine, Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Turkey.26University of Health Sciences, School of Medicine, Sisli Hamidiye Etfal Training and Research Hospital, Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Turkey.27University of Health Sciences, School of Medicine, ?stanbul Bak?rkoy Dr. Sadi Konuk Training and Research Hospital, Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Turkey.28Yeditepe University, School of Medicine, Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Turkey.29Private Office.30University of Health Sciences, School of Medicine, Bursa Sevket Y?lmaz Training and Research Hospital, Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Turkey.31Kocaeli University, School of Medicine, Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Turkey.32Balikesir University, School of Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, Turkey.33Necmettin Erbakan University, School of Medicine, Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Turkey.34Selcuk University, School of Medicine, Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Turkey.35Private Guven Hospital, Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Turkey.36Gazi University, School of Medicine, Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Turkey.37Ankara University, School of Medicine, Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Turkey.38Hacettepe University, School of Medicine, Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Turkey.39Ufuk University, School of Medicine, Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Turkey.40Private Bay?nd?r Hospital, Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Turkey.41Baskent University, School of Medicine, Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Turkey.42University of Health Sciences, School of Medicine, Diskapi Yildirim Beyazit Training and Research Hospital, Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Turkey.43TOBB University, School of Medicine, Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Turkey.44Private Memorial Hospital, Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Turkey.45University of Health Sciences, School of Medicine, Kecioren Training and Research Hospital, Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Turkey.46Ege University, School of Medicine, Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Turkey.47University of Health Sciences, School of Medicine, Izmir Ataturk Training and Research Hospital, Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Turkey.48Dokuz Eylul University, School of Medicine, Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Turkey.49Adnan Menderes University, School of Medicine, Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Turkey.50Pamukkale University, School of Medicine, Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Turkey.51Celal Bayar University, School of Medicine, Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Turkey.52Mugla University, School of Medicine, Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Turkey.53University of Health Sciences, School of Medicine, Antalya Training and Research Hospital, Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Turkey.54Mersin University, School of Medicine, Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Turkey.55Kahramanmaras Sutcu Imam University, School of Medicine, Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Turkey.56Baskent University, Adana Training Hospital, Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Turkey.5719 May?s University, School of Medicine, Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Turkey.58University of Health Sciences, School of Medicine, Samsun Training and Research Hospital, Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Turkey.59Gaziosmanpasa University, School of Medicine, Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Turkey.60Hitit University, School of Medicine, Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Turkey.61Giresun University, School of Medicine, Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Turkey.62Recep Tayyip Erdogan University, School of Medicine, Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Turkey.63Karadeniz Technical University, School of Medicine, Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Turkey.64Bulent Ecevit University, School of Medicine, Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Turkey.65Kars Harakani State Hospital, Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Turkey.66Inonu University, School of Medicine, Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Turkey.67Erzincan University, School of Medicine, Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Turkey.68Yuzuncu Yil University, School of Medicine, Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Turkey.69Dicle University, School of Medicine, Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Turkey.70University of Health Sciences, School of Medicine, Gaziantep Ersin Arslan Research and Training Hospital, Turkey.71Gaziantep University, School of Medicine, Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Turkey