Ufuk Universitesi Akademik Acikerisim Sistemi
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IGF-1 grades in follicular fluid of poor ovarian responders
No full textBu çalışmada, infertilite tedavisine başvuran kötü ovaryen cevaplı hastalar ile normal cevap veren hastaların folikül sıvılarındaki insülin benzeri büyüme faktörü-1 (IGF-1) düzeylerinin karşılaştırılması ve IGF-1 düzeylerinin oosit sayısı, embriyo gradeleri, fertilizasyon ve implantasyon oranları, klinik gebelik ve canlı doğum oranları ile korelasyonu amaçlanmıştır. Çalışmamıza infertilite tedavisi için başvuran kötü over cevaplı ve normal cevaplı infertil kadın hastalar dahil edildi. Yaş, AMH değerleri, folikül sıvılarındaki IGF-1 düzeyleri, önceki siklus sayıları, uygulanan tedavi protokolleri, siklus süreleri, gonadotropin dozu ve türü, oosit, MII oosit ve fertilize oosit sayıları, fertilizasyon oranları, embriyo transferi ile ilgili bilgileri, implantasyon oranları, gebelik durumları kaydedildi. Hastalar, Bologna Kriterleri doğrultusunda, kötü over cevap (POR) ve normal over cevap (kontrol grubu) olmak üzere iki gruba ayrıldı. Bologna kriterleri: (i) ileri anne yaşı (?40 yaş), (ii) standart ovaryan stimülasyonda ?3 oosit elde edilmesi ve (iii) anormal over rezerv testi (AMH<1.1 ng/ml). Kötü over cevap tanısı kriterlerinden en az ikisinin mevcut olması şartı ile kondu ve kötü over cevaplı hastalar dört alt gruba ayrıldı. Daha sonra bu alt gruplar, folikül sıvılarındaki IGF-1 düzeylerine ve bunların IGF-1 düzeylerinin elde edilen oosit sayısı, embriyo gradeleri, fertilizasyon ve implantasyon oranları, klinik gebelik ve canlı doğum oranları ile ilgili olup olmadığına göre normal cevap veren hasta grubu ile karşılaştırıldı. Sonuç olarak, kontrol grubunun folikül sıvısı IGF-1 düzeyleri POR hastalara göre daha yüksek bulunmuştur. Ayrıca POR subgrupları arasında önemli bir farklılık görülmemekle beraber, 40 yaş altı POR subgrubunda IGF-1 daha yüksek düzeydedir. Folikül sıvısında IGF-1 değerleri ile yaş ve önceki siklus sayısı arasında negatif yönlü, IGF-1 ile AMH, oosit, MII oosit, fertilize oosit ve embriyo transfer sayısı arasında pozitif yönlü korelasyon mevcuttur. Canlı doğum oranına etki eden parametrelerin analizinde istatistiksel anlamlı tek faktörün kadın yaşı olduğu görülmüştür. Bu çalışma GH etkinliğinde rol oynayan IGF-1 düzeyini foliküler seviyede tespit ederek, POR hasta grubunda tedavi yaklaşımlarına yol gösterecek bir uygulama için literatüre katkıda bulunmaktadır. Ancak POR grubu IVF hastalarında GH rutin tedavi yaklaşımı içine girmesi için daha fazla veriye ihtiyaç vardır.In this study, insulin-like growth factor 1 (IGF-1) levels in follicular fluids of patients with poor ovarian response and normal response to infertility treatment were compared. The correlation between IGF-1 levels and the number of oocytes, embryo grades, fertilization and implantation rates, clinical pregnancy, and live birth rates were analyzed, as well. Patients with poor response and normal response who applied for infertility treatment were included in our study. Age of female patients, AMH values, IGF-1 levels in follicular fluids, number of previous cycles, treatment protocols applied, duration of cycles, gonadotropin dose and type, number of oocytes, number of MII oocytes and fertilized oocyte numbers, fertilization rates, information about embryo transfer, implantation rates, clinic pregnancy and live birth conditions were documented. Female patients were divided into two groups as poor ovarian response (POR) and normal ovarian response (control group) according to the Bologna Criteria. Poor ovarian response diagnosis depended on the condition that at least two of the following criteria were present: (i) advanced maternal age (?40 years), (ii) a previous poor ovarian response (?3 oocytes with a conventional stimulation protocol), and (iii) abnormal ovarian reserve test (AMH <1.1 ng / ml). These subgroups were compared with the normal ovarian response patient group according to IGF-1 levels in their follicular fluid and whether their IGF-1 levels were related to the number of retrieved oocytes, embryo grades, fertilization and implantation rates, clinical pregnancy and live birth rates. In conclusion, IGF-1 levels in follicular fluid were higher in the control group when compared to POR patients. Although there is no significant difference between IGF-1 levels of POR subgroups, IGF-1 levels are higher in the POR subgroup under 40 years of age. Moreover, we found a negative correlation between IGF-1 levels in follicular fluid and age and number of previous cycles, and a positive correlation between IGF-1 levels and AMH, number of oocytes, MII oocytes, fertilized oocyte, and number of transferred embryos. According to our study, age is the only statistically significant factor for live birth. This study contributes to the literature by determining the IGF-1 level at the follicular level that plays role in GH activity and contributes to the future aspects of treatment approaches in the POR patients. However, more data are needed for routine application of GH in POR group IVF patients
Iodine Levels in Pregnant Women with Hyperemesis Gravidarum
No full textOBJECTIVE: Iodine deficiency is a commonly seen problem and associated with pregnancy complications. In this study, we aimed to evaluate urinary iodine status in pregnant women with hyperemesisgravidarumSTUDY DESIGN: A total of 121 women experiencing singleton pregnancies between 6 and 18 weeksof gestation were included in the study. The participants were divided into two groups; group 1 comprised 81 healthy pregnant women, and group 2 comprised 40 pregnant women with HyperemesisGravidarum.RESULTS: Urinary iodine levels were found to be significantly higher in healthy pregnant women thanwomen with Hyperemesis Gravidarum (p=0.008). Urinary iodine was significantly correlated with the urinary ketone (r= -0.252, p=0.005) and FT3 (r= -0.190, p=0.037).CONCLUSION: In pregnant women with hyperemesis gravidarum, oxidative stress was increased, urinary iodine levels were significantly low and negatively correlated with disease severity. Thus, ıodine replacement might be essential to prevent pregnancy complications
Wrongful act and diplomatic apology in international law
No full textUluslararası alanda kuvvet kullanmanın yasaklanması ile devletler arasındaki uyuşmazlıkların barışçıl yollarla çözümü bir uluslararası hukuk ilkesi haline gelmiş ve Birleşmiş Milletler tarafından çeşitli çözüm yolları tanımlanmıştır. Küreselleşmenin etkisi, Soğuk Savaşın uluslararası hukukta etkileri, kimlik ve değerlerin uluslararası alanda görünür olmasıyla birlikte diplomatik ilişkiler de giderek önem kazanmıştır. Soğuk Savaşın sonra ermesinden sonra giderek yaygın hale gelen diplomatik özür, uluslararası hukukta örf adet kuralı olacak niteliklere sahip olmaya başlamış ve etkin bir çözüm yolu olarak kullanılmaktadır. Diplomatik özrün neden ve kimin dilediğine, kullanılan araçlara göre birçok çeşidi bulunmaktadır. Bu çalışmada devletler arası diplomatik özürler incelenmekte olup, devletler neden özür diler? Uluslararası hukukta niteliği nedir? Diplomatik özrün boyutları nedir ve basamakları nelerdir? gibi sorulara yanıt aranarak diplomatik özrün uluslararası ilişkilerde ve uluslararası hukukta önemi ve işlevleri tartışılmaktadır. Tüm bu sorular dikkate alındığında diplomatik özür dilenmesine neden olan uluslararası hukuka aykırı eylem ve uluslararası hukuka aykırı eyleminden ötürü devletin sorumluluğu incelenmiş ve onarım sorumluluğu ile ilişkisi incelenmiştir. İkinci bölümde diplomatik özün boyutları gelişimi ve uluslararası hukuk açısından bağlayıcılığı incelenmiştir. Son bölümde ise diplomatik özür örnekleri özelliklerine göre sınıflandırılarak diplomatik özrün uluslararası ilişkilerdeki ve uluslararası hukuktaki işlevleri incelenmiştir.The prohibition of the use of force in the international arena and the peaceful settlement of disputes between states have become a principle of international law and various solutions have been defined by the United Nations. With the impact of globalization, the effects of the Cold War on international law, and the visibility of identity and values in the international arena, diplomatic relations have also gained importance. Diplomatic apology, which has become increasingly common after the end of the Cold War, has begun to have the qualifications to become a customary rule in international law and is used as an effective solution. There are many types of diplomatic apologies depending on why and who wishes, and the tools used. In this study, diplomatic apologies between states are examined and why do states apologize? What is its nature in international law? What are the dimensions of the diplomatic apology and what are the steps? The importance and functions of diplomatic apology in international relations and international law are discussed. Considering all these questions, the state's responsibility for the act against international law and the act against international law, which caused a diplomatic apology, was examined and its relationship with the responsibility of reparation was examined. In the second part, the dimensions of the diplomatic essence, its development and its bindingness in terms of international law are examined. In the last part, the functions of diplomatic apology in international relations and international law are examined by classifying the examples of diplomatic apologies according to their characteristics
Alternative sanctions to short-term imprisonment
No full textTürk Ceza Kanunu'nda yer alan ve kısa süreli hapis cezasına alternatif mahiyette uygulanan seçenek yaptırım ve tedbirleri konu edinen bu çalışma üç bölümden oluşmaktadır. Tez çalışmasının birinci bölümünde genel olarak ceza kavramına değinilmiş ve bu kapsamda ceza kavramının çeşitli tanımlarına yer verilerek cezanın amacı günümüz şartları da dikkate alınarak öğretideki görüşler kapsamında değerlendirilmiştir. Çalışmanın ikinci bölümünde kısa süreli hapis cezası hakkında genel bilgilendirme yapıldıktan sonra, modern hukuk sistemlerinde benimsenen cezalandırma amaçlarından hareketle oluşturulmuş olan ve Türk Ceza Kanunu'nda yer alan kısa süreli hapis cezalarına seçenek yaptırım ve tedbirler; ilgili mevzuat hükümleri, yargı kararları ve öğretideki görüşlerden yararlanılarak ele alınmıştır. Çalışmanın son bölümünde ise Türk Ceza Hukuku'nda, amaçları bakımından seçenek yaptırım ve tedbirlere benzer bazı kurumlara yer verilmiştir.This study consists of three parts that deal with alternative sanctions and measures in the Turkish Penal Code, which are applied as an alternative to short-term imprisonment. In the first part of the thesis, in general, the concept of punishment has been mentioned, and in this context, various definitions of the concept of punishment have been included, and the purpose of punishment has been evaluated within the scope of the doctrine and considering today's conditions. In the second part of the study, after giving general information about short-term imprisonment, alternative sanctions and measures to short-term prison sentences in the Turkish Penal Code which were created with the aim of punishment adopted in modern legal systems, have been discussed within the scope of relevant legislation provisions, judicial decisions and doctrine, and the special execution procedures of short-term prison sentences have been mentioned.In the last part of the study, some institutions in Turkish Criminal Law that are similar to alternative sanctions and measures in terms of their purposes are included
Comparison of the correlation of various site transcutaneous bilirubin measurements with serum bilirubin levels at the end of phototherapy
Get PDFHemodynamic outcome of different ventilation modes in laparoscopic surgery with exaggerated trendelenburg: a randomised controlled trial
Get PDFPurpose: To compare hemodynamic effects of two different modes of ventilation (volume controlled and pressure-controlled volume guaranteed) in patients undergoing laparoscopic
gynecology surgeries with exaggerated Trendelenburg position.
Methods: Thirty patients undergoing laparoscopic gynecology operations were ventilated using
either volume-controlled (Group VC) or pressure-controlled volume guaranteed mode (Group
PCVG) (n = 15 for both groups). Hemodynamic variables were measured using Pressure Recording
Analytical Method by radial artery cannulation in addition to peak and mean airway pressures
and expired tidal volume.
Results: The only remarkable finding was a more stable cardiac index in Group PCVG, where
other hemodynamic parameters were similar. Expired tidal volume increased in Group VC while
peak airway pressure was lower in Group PCVG.
Conclusion: PCV-VG causes less hemodynamic perturbations as measured by Pressure Recording
Analytical Method (PRAM) and allows better intraoperative hemodynamic control in exaggerated
Trendelenburg position in laparoscopic surgery
A short-term exercise program in patients with multiple sclerosis: is body mass index important?
Get PDFObesity is a health problem that can exacerbate the
symptoms of multiple sclerosis (MS). In the current study,
we aimed to investigate the effectiveness of a short-term
exercise program on fatigue, depression, anxiety, and
walking performance in normal-weight and overweight
patients with MS (PwMS). Sixty-two PwMS were divided
into groups according to their BMI (BMI normal/
BMI high). Also, they were all included in the exercise
program. The participants took a moderate-intensity
walking program 5 days a week for 4 weeks, including
30 min between 5 min of warm-up and 5 min of cooling
periods. Also, patients underwent breathing, posture,
flexibility, and stretching exercises for 4 weeks. Fatigue,
depression, anxiety, 6-minute walking test (6MWT), and
BMI were measured before and after the 4 weeks. After
the exercise program, there were statistically significant
improvements in fatigue, depression, anxiety, and the
6MWT. However, no relation could be detected between
the examined variables and BMI. All patients participated
effectively in the exercise program, regardless of BMI. The
results obtained from this study support that a short-term
exercise program is an effective therapeutic intervention,
unrelated to BMI, in improving fatigue, depression, anxiety,
and walking performance in PwMS
Mean platelet volume may not play a role in determining thrombosis development in patients with antiphospholipid syndrome
Get PDFA comparative study for glioma classification using deep convolutional neural networks
Get PDFGliomas are a type of central nervous system (CNS) tumor that accounts for the most of
malignant brain tumors. The World Health Organization (WHO) divides gliomas into four grades
based on the degree of malignancy. Gliomas of grades I-II are considered low-grade gliomas (LGGs),
whereas gliomas of grades III-IV are termed high-grade gliomas (HGGs). Accurate classification of
HGGs and LGGs prior to malignant transformation plays a crucial role in treatment planning.
Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) is the cornerstone for glioma diagnosis. However, examination
of MRI data is a time-consuming process and error prone due to human intervention. In this study we
introduced a custom convolutional neural network (CNN) based deep learning model trained from
scratch and compared the performance with pretrained AlexNet, GoogLeNet and SqueezeNet
through transfer learning for an effective glioma grade prediction. We trained and tested the models
based on pathology-proven 104 clinical cases with glioma (50 LGGs, 54 HGGs). A combination of
data augmentation techniques was used to expand the training data. Five-fold cross-validation was
applied to evaluate the performance of each model. We compared the models in terms of averaged
values of sensitivity, specificity, F1 score, accuracy, and area under the receiver operating
characteristic curve (AUC). According to the experimental results, our custom-design deep CNN
model achieved comparable or even better performance than the pretrained models. Sensitivity,
specificity, F1 score, accuracy and AUC values of the custom model were 0.980, 0.963, 0.970, 0.971
and 0.989, respectively. GoogLeNet showed better performance than AlexNet and SqueezeNet in
terms of accuracy and AUC with a sensitivity, specificity, F1 score, accuracy, and AUC values of
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Mathematical Biosciences and Engineering Volume 18, Issue 2, 1550–1572.
0.980, 0.889, 0.933, 0.933, and 0.987, respectively. AlexNet yielded a sensitivity, specificity, F1
score, accuracy, and AUC values of 0.940, 0.907, 0.922, 0.923 and 0.970, respectively. As for
SqueezeNet, the sensitivity, specificity, F1 score, accuracy, and AUC values were 0.920, 0.870, 0.893,
0.894, and 0.975, respectively. The results have shown the effectiveness and robustness of the
proposed custom model in classifying gliomas into LGG and HGG. The findings suggest that the
deep CNNs and transfer learning approaches can be very useful to solve classification problems in
the medical domain