International Journal of Medical Research & Review (IJMRR)
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Evaluation of the knowledge, attitudes and practices of diabetic patients in a tertiary care hospital in Central India
Get PDFIntroduction: A right approach to diabetes can reduce morbidity, mortality, and the burden of costs among diabetics. It is important to gather information about the knowledge, attitudes, and practices of people with diabetes to develop effective health education and diabetes control awareness programs.
Objectives: To assess the knowledge, attitudes, and practices of patients suffering from type 2 diabetes.
Materials and Methods: A prospective observational study was conducted with 100 type 2 diabetics of either gender, who were admitted in the general medicine ward and consented to participate in the study. A suitable 26-item semi-structured questionnaire was designed, with “Yes” and “No” as response options. Each appropriate answer was assigned a score of 1.
Results: In total, 56%, 42%, and 2% of the subjects showed a good, moderate and poor knowledge grades, respectively. Regarding attitude, 64% and 36% of the patients exhibited good and poor grades, respectively. Only 31% of the participants achieved a good practice grade, 59% secured average while 10% of them got poor grades. The overall KAP results of 43% of the patients was good, 55% scored average whereas 2% scored poor grades. Assessment of the overall KAP grade with the demographic variables showed that there is a statistically significant association of the grades with the education, occupation, and socioeconomic status (P<0.05).
Conclusion: It is necessary to provide appropriate health education and individual counseling to ensure that each patient with diabetes has sufficient information and that he/she is motivated to lead a better life
A study of biochemical parameters and microbial organisms in ascitic fluid of spontaneous bacterial peritonitis patients
Get PDFIntroduction:Spontaneous Bacterial Peritonitis (SBP) is recognized as a severe complication in patients of ascites. In recent years, it has also been diagnosed in patients without liver disease. SBP is commonly reported in patients of ascites due to cirrhosis of liver. If untreated, SBP could be a fatal complication in patients of ascites.
Objective:To study the ascitic fluid biochemical parameters and causative micro-organisms in patients suffering from SBP.
Materials and Methods:A prospective study was performed on 100 patients of ascites out of which 68 were males and 32 were females. After admission all patients were interviewed and detailed history and complete physical examination was performed.
Results:In this study 86.7% patients had increased serum bilirubin levels, 73.4% patients had decreased serum albumin, 46.7% and 40% patients had increased blood levels of urea and creatinine respectively. 60% patients had ascitic fluid pH < 7.30 while 80% patients had ascitic fluid proteins < 1 gm/dl. All patients had >250 polymorphonuclear cells/µL and 80% patients had >500 polymorphonuclear cells/ µL in ascitic fluid. 46.7% cases of SBP were culture positive and 53.3% were culture negative.Gram staining of ascitic fluid was positive in one case.
Conclusion:Hypoalbuminemia, hyperbilirubinemia, low ascitic fluid pH, low ascitic fluid proteins, increased blood urea and creatinine levels are risk factors related with development of SBP in patients of ascites.The commonest micro-organism identified on culture were E-coli
A study to assess the selfitis behaviour and selfie syndrome (level of selfitis) among the nursing students
Get PDFBackground: Photography is seen as a powerful means of expression, as a symbolic language to express what cannot be said in words, and as a stimulator of emotions and behaviors about which often are not aware. The term the word "selfie", is declared as the "word of the year" by the Oxford English Dictionary. Selfie fever has taken a new dimension known as ‘selfitis’.
Objectives: To assess the selfitis behavior, the selfie syndrome (level of selfitis) and find out significant association of selected background variables with selfie syndrome (level of selfitis) among nursing students.
Material and Methods: It is a non-experimental study carried out on the nursing students in nursing training institutes in Bikaner city, Rajasthan. A study was conducted during the year of 2018 and 200 nursing students who are under training of GNM, B.Sc. nursing and M.Sc. Nursing were selected by using multi stage random sampling. Self developed questionnaire, Selfitis behavior scale and structured questionnaire used to collect the date from participants.
Results: Based on the finding of the majority of 141(70.5%) nursing students has moderate selfitis behavior followed by 59(29.50%) nursing students has severe Selfitis Behaviour and no candidate has mild Selfitis. The mean score of selfitis behaviour was 62.595 with SD 12.334. Based on findings there was no significant association of back ground variable with the level of selfitis except type of course in which student is admitted for nursing training.
Conclusion: The present study has proved that selfie syndrome is dominantly developing craze of modern era due to modern fat changes in technologies. From the finding of the present study it is concluded that the majority of nursing students have moderate selfitis behaviour
A study to assess the knowledge and practice regarding aseptic technique adopted during labour among staff nurses
Get PDFBackground: Aseptic technique is a set of specific practices and procedures performed control condition with the goal of minimizing sepsis. Pathogens may introduce infection through contact with the environment, personal or equipment.
Objectives: To assess the knowledge and practice on aseptic technique adopted during labour among staff nurses and also compare existing knowledge and practice.
Methods: It is a non - experimental descriptive study carried out on the staff nurses working in labour rooms of the hospitals of Sikar, Rajasthan. A study was conducted during the year of 2018 among 50 staff nurses working in labour rooms of the hospitals, who were selected by using non-probability two stage cluster sampling technique. A self-administered structured questionnaire and an observation checklist were used for data collection.
Result: The findings indicated that majority of 37 (74%) staff nurses had fair knowledge and 36 (72%) had fair attitude regarding aseptic technique adopted during labour. The mean of knowledge and practice test (14.42 & 19.04) and SD of knowledge and practice test was (3.62 & 4.65). There was significant association between the knowledge and practice.
Conclusion: The study concluded that the good knowledge and practice regarding aseptic technique adopted during labour is the key issue for better maternal health
A cadaveric study on accessory lobes of lungs and their bronchial branching pattern
Get PDFBackground: An accessory lobe is a part of lung tissue separated off by an accessory fissure. It develops due to occasional monopodial branching of the stem bronchi. Different accessory lobes may be encountered in the human lungs e.g., azygos lobe, dorsal lobe, cardiac lobe and tracheal lobe. An accessory lobe may be confused with a lung abscess or bulla in x-ray and CT-scan, and its variable bronchial supply may cause difficulty during bronchoscopy. Hence, the present work has been carried out to study the accessory lobes and their bronchial branching pattern in human lungs.
Materials and Methods: 92 adult human lungs (46 right and 46 left) were collected from the Department of Anatomy and Department of Forensic and State Medicine, Gauhati Medical College and Hospital, Guwahati, Assam and preserved in 10% formalin. The lungs were, then, examined for accessory lobes and their bronchial supply was noted following dissection from the hilum.
Results: In the present study, the azygos lobes were present in 2.17% of cases and dorsal lobe was present in 1.08% of cases, all of which belonged to the right side. The azygos lobes were supplied by the apical segmental bronchus of the right superior lobe and dorsal lobe was supplied by the apical basal segmental bronchus and posterior basal segmental bronchus of the right inferior lobe.
Conclusion: A detailed knowledge of the accessory lobes and their bronchial supply is important for correct radiological diagnosis and bronchoscopic examination of lungs
Spectrum of MRI findings in traumaticknee
Get PDFIntroduction: Injuries to the intraarticular structures like menisci and cruciate ligame nts are diagnosed with high sensitivity and specificity by MRI as compared with arthroscopy, which is still regarded as the gold standard. The acutely injured knee is readily imaged for the detection of meniscal and ligamentous injuries.
Aim: To describe the MRI features in various types of traumatic lesions andto analyze the types of knee joint abnormalities detected by MRI which will aid in making a proper diagnosis.
Materials and Methods: A total of 51 patients with history of trauma to the knee joint, who were referred to radiology department from orthopaedic department of Rajindra hospital Patiala, suspecting internal derangement of knee, served as subjects for this study. The inclusion and exclusion criteriafor this study was fixed as well as MRI protocol which included T1 and T2 saggital, PD weighted sequences in axial, Coronal and Saggital, Fat Suppressed T2 or STIR sequences if needed. The different types of lesions of all components of knee joint were categorized separately and data was assessed.
Results: Out of 51 patients who underwent MRI with history of trauma, 23 (45%) patients had abnormal ACL and 28 (54.9%) patients had normal ACL. PCL was found abnormal in only 3 (5.8%) patients. MCL was abnormal in 5 (9.8%), joint effusion was seen in maximum no of 44 (86.2%) patients. Muscular pathology was seen in 1patient and bone pathology in 23 (45%) patients. In medial meniscus tearsand lateral meniscus tears, posterior horn tears were the commonest. In ACL tears, acute partial tears were the commonest (61%).
Conclusion: In the setting of traumatic knee injury, MR imaging is the best noninvasive modality for the diagnosis of meniscal and ligamentous tears and to help guide the treatment of meniscal and ligament injuries
A study of clinical, radio-imaging and biochemical profile of Dengue patients in relation with outcome in central Indian hospital
Get PDFObjective: Dengue fever is most important arbo-viral disease in India and other tropical and subtropical countries with increasing prevalence in recent years with significant morbidity and mortality. This study was aimed to evaluate clinical & hematological features and outcome in central Indian adult population.
Methods: A cross-sectional observational study undertaken among adult patients admitted in a teaching hospital. 105 patients were analyzed. All patients who were IgM-ELISA positive irrespective of their card test status were included in study. Clinical features and hematological, biochemical & radiological findings are noted.
Results: Total 105 dengue patients were included 22 ware of Dengue fever without warning signs (DFWOWS), 65 in Dengue fever with warning signs (DFWWS) and 18 were Severe Dengue (SD) group. Male: female ratio was 1.14:1. Most common age group affected was 21-30 Yrs. Most of cases reported in month of September and October. Clinical features noted most common was fever (96.2%); myalgia (57.1%), headache (40%), vomiting (24%), retro-orbital pain (26.6%), abdominal pain (26.6%), patechie (34.2%), rash (41.9%), and positive tourniquet test (56.1%). Major bleeding (25.7%), among them most common was gut bleeding. Complications were noted in SD group. Blood transfusion required in 43.8% cases. Coagulopathy was noted in 72.2% cases of DSS. No mortality was noted in our study.
Conclusion: Dengue is increased with increasing urbanization & poor sanitation. Dengue has wide spectrum of clinical and hematological presentation. Significant morbidity occurs in DHF and DSS. It is a low mortality illness if prompt diagnosis and proper fluid management instituted in DHF and DSS. Platelet transfusion has a little role in dengue management
Cerebral amyloid angiopathy: A case report
Get PDFCerebral amyloid angiopathy (CAA) is a cerebrovascular disorder caused by the accumulation of cerebral β amyloid (Aβ) in the media and intima of leptomeningeal and cortical vessels of the brain. The resultant vascular fragility tends to manifest in normotensive elderly patientsas lobar intracerebral hemorrhage and is a common cerebral amyloid deposition disease
The study of psychometric test for detection and assessment in subclinical hepatic encephalopathy
Get PDFBackground: During past two decades, psychometric tests have been used extensively for detection of SHE. However, the results have been variables with different tests. In real practice we require the tests, which can be administered quickly by treating physician with simplicity and with simple instrument or only with a simple form.
Objective: (1) To apply a battery of psychometric tests in cases of cirrhosis of liver. (2) To correlate findings of psychometric tests with Child`s index of severity for cirrhosis of liver.
Methodology: 25 patients of cirrhosis of liver diagnosed by ultrasonography, biochemical and clinical evidence, admitted in the Medicine ward, will constitute the study group. These patients will undergo a battery of psychometric tests and EEG along with other routine hematological and radiological test. 25 control group with confounding factors as age, sex, education and socioeconomic status.
Results: We observed that on WAPIS test cirrhotic performed significantly worse than controls. Mean IQSD non-Alcoholic cirrhotic on WAPIS was [67.7811.29] and Mean IQSD of alcoholic cirrhotics was (66.459.71). On analysis of data the difference was not significant (p>0.005). Taken together the performance test was abnormal in 14 (56%) cases.
Conclusion: We concluded that for quick assessment of mental status and screening for detecting SHE in cases of cirrhosis of liver with portal hypertension, TMT test is useful and for complete assessment of cerebral function derangement WAPIS is most sensitive and complete test
Effect of fluence smoothening in intensity modulated radiotherapy planning and delivery
Get PDFObjective: In Intensity Modulated Radiotherapy (IMRT) planning, optimization is a computational problem, potentially susceptible to noise and artifacts (high frequency spatial fluctuations) producing sharp fluence peaks and valleys in millimetric spatial scale. A solution to this problem is to smooth the beam profiles.
Methods and Materials: In the Eclipse TPS, fluence smoothing is achieved within the objective function of the inverse treatment planning systems. Plans were developed for a 6 MV photon beam from a Varian Clinac-DHX equipped with a 120 leaves MLC. Total of 160 dose plans were compared and fed into the analysis process. The dose plan quality has been analysed in terms of Statistical computation by means of two-sided paired t-test between two smoothening levels (s25 and s75) in terms of Homogeneity-Index, Conformity-Index, Target dose coverage and OAR dose differences in terms of max, min and mean doses.
Results: From our present study on the influence of smoothening of fluence levels in IMRT plans results, there was a reduction in total MU’s with no significant statistical variation in terms of mean differences of HI Index, CI index, PTV coverages, OAR doses. Moreover, the reduction in MU’s will help the less head leakage dose hence the lower whole-body dose, which will help the patient to reduce the chances for secondary malignancies.
Conclusion: Hence, we conclude that, higher fluence smoothening levels with acceptable difference in target coverage and minimum variation of OAR should be selected for the execution