International Journal of Medical Research & Review (IJMRR)
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Role of Multiparametric MRI in Diagnosis of Prostate Cancer
Get PDFAims: The main objectives of our study were to evaluate the role of Multiparametric MRI (mp-MRI) in diagnosis of carcinoma prostate and to compare the various MRI sequences used in MRI in evaluating carcinoma prostate with histopathological diagnosis kept as reference standard.
Materials and Methods: This prospective cross-sectional study of 40 patients was performed by using various sequences used in mp-MRI i.e. T2 weighted imaging (T2WI), Diffusion Weighted Imaging (DWI), Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy (MRS) and Dynamic Contrast Enhanced study (DCE). Findings of mp-MRI sequences were compared with histopathological diagnosis. Statistical analysiswasperformed using SPSS computer statistical program for window release 16.
Results: Sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive value (PPV), negative predictive value (NPV) of DCE in diagnosing carcinoma prostate were 88.89%, 50.00%, 94.12% and 33.33% respectively where assensitivities, specificities, PPVs, NPVs of DWI and MRS were same in our study i.e. 94.44%, 75.00%, 97.14% and 60.00%respectively. Overall sensitivity, specificity, PPV, NPV of mp-MRI by combining these sequences were found to be 97.22%, 75%, 97.22% and 75% respectively. Diagnostic accuracies of DWI, DCE and MRS were 92.5%, 85% and 92.5% respectively and overall diagnostic accuracy after combining these sequences in mp-MRI was 95%.
Conclusions: mp-MRI including all the sequences has very good role in evaluation of carcinoma prostate. Diagnostic accuracy of mp-MRI increases when all sequences used together to assess prostatic lesions, so all the sequences should be used together in prostate cancer evaluation rather than using individual sequences
A study to assess the quality of life (QOL) of patients suffering from tinea corporis attending dermatology OPD of a tertiary care centre of Eastern India
Get PDFBackground: A huge number of patients in our country are affected by Tinea Corporis (TC). The number of patients affected by dermatophytosis has increased by a large extent in the last 4 to 5 years. The quality of life in TC patients can be affected by various factors including the disease morbidity, duration of disease, social & demographic factors.
Aims and Objectives: The aim of the study is to find out the effect of TC on the quality of life of the affected patients & along with that to assess whether there is some association of this effect on quality of life with some demographic & clinical factors.
Methods: The effect on quality of life of 328 patients affected by TC who attended the Dermatology outpatient’s department of NRS Medical College was assessed using the Dermatology Life Quality Index (DLQI) questionnaire.
Results: 12 (3.658 %) of the patients had an extremely large effect on quality of life. There was a very large effect on the QOL of 121 (36.890 %) patients. There was moderate effect on 134 (40.853 %) of the patients. There was a small effect on 59 (17.987 %) of the patients. 2 (0.609 %) patients had no effect on their QOL. Duration of disease & body surface area involved have significant impacts on QOL.
Conclusion: The quality of life is adversely affected by TC. Early detection & treatment of the disease is very important. Steps must be taken to increase awareness about the disease among the general population
Psychiatric manifestations of HIV disease
Get PDFBackground: The appearance of AIDS on the medical and social scene in the early 1980 has been followed by worldwide spread of the disease and escalating numbers of persons affected. the first case was detected in 1984. For the first time in a worldwide epidemic, it has been necessary to try to change fundamental aspects of the human behavior by education and the dissemination of knowledge about psychiatric manifestations.
Aim: To find out the psychiatric manifestations of HIV disease.
Methods & Materials: 37 patients and 20 controls were taken up for evaluation of psychopathology. It’s a prospective study. Sociodemographic proforma, Socioeconomic Scale, Trail making A & B tests, color cancellation test, Raven\u27s progressive matrices, Wechsler scale for memory, Linguistic fluency test were used.
Results: Persons with HIV were having psychiatric manifestations like, Adjustment disorders, Depression, suicide, schizophrenia, Mild cognitive impairment to Dementia were noted among HIV and associated illnesses.
Conclusion: Proper treatment adherence, counselling, follow up will improve the patient’s wellbeing
Knowledge attitude and practice (KAP) of diabetes in Mathura Uttar Pradesh - An observational study
No full textIntroduction: Objective of this study is to determine the knowledge, attitude and practice regarding type 2 diabetes in diabetics as well as in Non-diabetics and also to determine the knowledge versus practice gap among diabetics. There is almost no study of this kind from Uttar Pradesh region of India.
Material and method: A pretested and validated questionnaire were used for assessment of these parameters. This questionnaire was divided in to 3 parts. First part used for assessment of knowledge in all the study subjects and had 8 questions. Second part had five questions based on risk factors and complication of diabetes. Third part was used only for diabetics and again had five questions based on their health care seeking behavior. A total of 412 study subjects (206 diabetics and 206 Non-diabetics) were interviewed and their responses were noted in this questionnaire form.
Results: 50% of the diabetics are in the age group category of 41-60 years. > 50% of non-diabetics are in the age group category 21-40 years. Most of the respondents were aware of symptomatology, non-communicability, need of self-monitoring of glucose at home and rapidly increasing incidence of diabetes. Almost 70 % of diabetics were aware about foot care and Very nominal number of diabetics (7.8%) was consuming sweets daily. A disheartening fact revealed that approximately 87% of diabetics do not carry sugar candy or any form of sugar before leaving home to correct any hypoglycemic episode.
Conclusion: Knowledge of symptomatology of diabetes and requirement of self-monitoring of blood glucose at home was adequate among most of the study subjects and uniformly distributed among diabetics and Nondiabetics. More than 80% of diabetics were not aware about hypoglycemia symptoms and its treatment. Training of health care providers and large-scale education and awareness campaigns are the need of the hour for this region to further improve the knowledge and to improve self-care practices among all Diabetics
A morphometric study of adult human trachea in West Bengal population
Get PDFBackground: Keeping in view the great variations in different dimensions of the human trachea and its remarkable clinical importance, the present work was undertaken. It included the study of dimensions of adult trachea of both sexes in West Bengal population. In addition, an effort was made to establish their relationship with selected external measurements.
Methods: This was a cross-sectional, observational study on 60 cadavers. Relatively disease-free fresh adult cadavers were selected from West Bengal population. Study variables were tracheal length, internal transverse diameter and internal anteroposterior diameter. Selected external measurements were height and sternal length.
Results: In males, the highest correlation was observed between tracheal length and height (r = 0.800), and tracheal length and sternal length (r = 0.799). In females, the highest correlation coefficient was found between tracheal length and height (r = 0.809).
Conclusion: Different formulae were obtained by linear regression with all measurements being in centimeters. Therefore, it is possible to predict the tracheal dimensions from simple external measurements
A case of lateral medullary syndrome with unilateral selective thermoanaesthesia
Get PDFA 42-year-old female was admitted to tertiary care teaching hospital with history of headache, vertigo, difficulty in swallowing both liquids and solids, vomiting, gait ataxia, drooping of left eyelid, inability to feel hot and cold on right side of body and diplopia of forty-fivedays’ duration. Clinical examination and neuroimaging were suggestive a posterior circulation stroke, with lateral medullary syndrome.The patient had selective thermoanaesthesia on the right side, including the face, which is an atypical finding, given the clinical setting
Extra corporeal shock wave lithotripsy in renal and ureteric stones: an institutional experience
Get PDFIntroduction:Urolithiasis is one of the most common clinical conditions in the history of medicine. Treatment methods include conservative, surgical treatment and extracorporeal shock wave lithotripsy (ESWL). Several stone characteristics are known to affect outcome of ESWL such as fragility, Hounsfield unit, size, site, composition etc. No study has been done till now regarding the efficacy and safety of ESWL in eastern Indian patients.
Objectives: To assess the efficacy and safety of ESWL in the management of patients with renal and ureteral stones.
Methods: 112 outpatients were treated with ESWL. Stone size, location, total number of shockwaves, stone-free rate, complications and adjunctive interventions were investigated. Chi-Square and Logistic Regression analyses were used, with p<0.05 set as the level of significance.
Result & Conclusion: The authors found significant association between the size and number of stones with fragmentation status. The authors found that stones of more than 11mm size are more resistant to ESWL. Authors found statistically significant association between the number of ESWL sessions with fragmentation status. However, more than 3 sessions also did not help much. It was also found that complications were more in partially fragmented group and more adjunctive procedures were required in partially fragmented group. The authors also noticed that the stented or non stented status and total number of shocks were not significantly associated with the fragmentation status of stones
Spontaneous rupture of spleen in malaria: a case report
Get PDFMalaria is one of the most prevalent infectious diseases in the world, especially in developing world like India. Wide spectrum of complications can happen in malaria. Spontaneous rupture of spleen is one such rare complication. Here we report a case of 17 year old girl with P.Vivax malaria causing spontaneous rupture of spleen which was managed conservatively and was discharged with no complications
Exchange conjunctival autograft in double pterygium
Get PDFAims & Objectives: It is a Prospective study to determine expediency, astigmatism correction and recurrence following a modified conjunctival autograft surgical procedures in double pterygium.
Material & Methods: Equal size of conjunctival grafts were taken from the opposite pterygium of the same eye and anchored with 10-0 nylon sutures. Post-operative correction of astigmatism, visual acuity and recurrence recorded in 14 eyes of 13 patients.
Results: Full correction of astigmatism in 6 cases and mean 76.9% corrected in all cases, with subsequent improvement of visual acuity of one or two lines of Snellen’s chart. No recurrence recorded till 13 months.
Discussion: ECA is a single time procedure, reducing hospital stay, cost and total duration of morbidity by half, with advantages of minimal tissue loss, sparing of superior conjunctiva on both nasal and temporal side and avoidance of bare sclera from the donor site of graft.
Conclusion: ECA is better option in double pterygium particularly in cases of scarcity or diseased conjunctiva
Trends of transfusion transmittable infections among voluntary blood donors in a cardiac care hospital, Bengaluru, India
Get PDFIntroduction: Transmission of infectious diseases through donated blood is of concern to blood safety as transfusion forms an integral part of medical and surgical therapy. Blood transfusion carries the risk of transfusion-transmittable infections including HIV, hepatitis–B etc. Screening of voluntary donors who represent healthy population serves as a predictor for these dreadful diseases in healthy population.
Materials and Methods: This retrospective study was conducted at the blood bank of Sri Jayadeva Institute of Cardiovascular Sciences and Research, Bengaluru. Data were analyzed for a period of 7 years from January 2011 to December 2017. All voluntary donors including replacement donors of our blood bank were screened for Hepatitis B Virus (HBV), Hepatitis C Virus (HCV) and Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV) and Syphilis infection by using ELISA.
Results: The most common infection was Hepatitis B (0.69%) followed by Syphilis (0.34%) and HIV (0.0736%) and least with HCV (0.04%) in our study.
Conclusion: This study has shown a decrease in seroprevalence for HIV and increase in seroprevalence for HCV over 7 years study period