International Journal of Medical Research & Review (IJMRR)
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Hypothyroidism in type 2 diabetics – a hospital-based prevalence study
Get PDFIntroduction: Thyroid hormones and insulin are the antagonists and both are involved in cellular metabolism. With this, the study was planned to find the prevalence of thyroid dysfunction in type 2 diabetes mellitus (DM).
Materials and Methods: Study was conducted in the department of General Medicine, GSL Medical College. The study protocol was approved by the institutional ethical committee. All type 2 diabetics aged >30yrs, irrespective of treatment were included in the study. Individuals on metformin therapy, smokers, thyroid hormone users, who underwent thyroid surgery, individuals on radioiodine therapy, pregnant women and individuals on steroids were excluded. Venous blood samples were taken from for fasting blood glucose and 2-hour post glucose blood sugar, glycosylated hemoglobin, lipid profile, and thyroid function estimated measured by using the autoanalyzer. Chi-square test was used to compare differences in categorical variables and p<0.05 was considered statistically significant.
Results: Among 104 participants, 82.7% were euthyroid, 12.5% had subclinical and 4.8% had clinical hypothyroidism; statistically the difference not significant when age/gender was correlated. But there was a significant association with dyslipidemia.
Conclusion: Hypothyroidism is very common among type 2 DM individuals and both complement others\u27 metabolism
A study to find the various causes for compressive myelopathy
Get PDFIntroduction: Myelopathy was the term that describes any neurologic defect related to the spinal cord. A study was conducted to evaluate various causes of compressive myelopathy and also MR characterization of spinal cord compressive lesions.
Materials and Methods: It is a hospital-based cross-sectional study, conducted in the department of radiodiagnosis, GSL Medical College, Rajahmundry from December 2014 to August 2016. All patients referred to the department of radiology with symptoms of compressive myelopathy of the spine were included. Pre-contrast scanning was done using TiWI, T2WI, FLAIR Sagittal, STIR sagittal. A Chi-square test was used to find the statistical significance, P > 0.05 was considered to be statistically significant.
Results: During the study period total of 30 participants were included, spinal TB was diagnosed to be the most common cause of myelopathy (13; 43.3%) Extradural myelopathy was diagnosed in 23 (76.6%) participants and intradural in 7 (23.3%) members. Statistically, there was no significant difference between the age and cause for myelopathy and also between the gender.
Conclusion: The most common cause of compressive myelopathy was identified to be extradural compression form TB followed by trauma. Spinal TB was the commonest site involved. In spine injury, the common site involved was the thoracic
Incidence and profile of neurological disorders in alcohol dependents
Get PDFBackground: Alcohol is one of the most abused substances in the world. Alcohol has been known to produce toxic effects in almost every organ system in the body, many of these medical conditions can be attributed to the direct toxic effect of alcohol and its metabolites, whereas others are indirect sequelae that may result from nutritional deficiency particularly thiamine. A neurological complication of alcohol dependence is extremely common and affects every level of neuroaxis including the Brain-Peripheral nervous system-Muscle.
Aim & Objective: To quantify the number of different neurological disorders in alcohol-dependent patients and to the established relationship between the frequency of these disorders with type, duration, amount, and frequency of alcohol intake.
Method & Material: A cross-sectional study was conducted in 100 alcoholics who came to tertiary care centers of central India in the 1-year duration. Demographic data, questions related to their alcohol consumption, and Neurological examination of all patients were done as pre-decided protocol. Informed consent was obtained from all patients. Data was entered and analyzed using appropriate software.
Result: Study participants were mostly (70%) in the age group of 21 to 40 years, 87% resided in the urban area, 81% were Hindu. 78% were educated up to class 8th and 76% were employed with any kind of jobs. There were 64% of cases that had any kind of neurological manifestation, 20% had peripheral neuropathy and less than 10% has severe manifestation Korsakoff’s psychosis, and cerebellar degeneration.
Conclusion: Neurological manifestations were common among alcohol dependents, but it variably depends on the amount, pattern, chronicity, and type of alcohol consumption. There is a need for further studies that specifically point out alcohol-related nervous manifestations
Serum calcium and magnesium levels in acute gastroenteritis
Get PDFBackground: Acute diarrhea endemic in India has a prevalence of 7% which is commonly seen in children and also is a major problem in adults. Acute diarrhea with dehydration culminates in the loss of electrolytes. Not only Na+ K+ but also Ca2+and Mg2+ are also substantially lost and lead to symptoms and adds to morbidity and prolong hospitalization.
Methods: In this observational study, a total of 100 cases of acute gastroenteritis admitted to the department of general medicine and infectious disease ward of VIMSAR, Burla, between November 2018 to December 2019 were investigated clinically and biochemically and data were interpreted statistically.
Results: Males (56%) were more in number than females (44%), were mostly in the age group of 26-35 years (24%). Hypocalcemia, hypokalemia, hypomagnesemia, and hyponatremia were found in 97%, 59%, 49%, 48% of cases respectively. Correlation of Serum Ca2+with (r-value) total episodes of vomiting (-0.536), total episode of stools (-0.880), S. Na+ level (-0.374), S. K+ level (-0.729), with the duration of hospital stay (-0.770) respectively. Correlation of S. Mg2+ levels with (r-value) total episodes of vomiting (-0.475), total episode of stools (-0.498), S. Na+ level (-0.301), S. K+ level (-0.801), duration of hospital stay (-0.699) respectively. The correlations were found to be statistically highly significant (with a p-value is <0.01).
Conclusion: Early detection and prompt correction of electrolytes will be beneficial, as it will decrease the duration of hospital stay, morbidity, mortality, thereby, decrease the burden on the health system of the country
Prevalence of overweight and obesity among adolescents in South Indian population
Get PDFIntroduction: Childhood obesity is one of the global public health challenges of the 21st century, affecting every country in the world. Globally, in just 40 years the prevalence of obesity has raised more than 10-fold from 11 million to 124 million school-age children.
Material and Methods: This study is a school-based cross-sectional study. The study population is 150 children from 11-14 years old school children from a selected private school in urban Pondicherry.
Result: In the present study it was observed the prevalence of overweight and obesity shows that the prevalence of overweight is 18% (N=27) and Obesity is 6% (N=9) based on BMI. Overweight and Obesity is an emerging major health problem in school children in our Country.
Conclusion: In the present study, there is an increase in the prevalence of overweight /obesity in school children
Profile of cancer patients attending a tertiary care center
Get PDFIntroduction: In India, around 555,000 people died of cancer in the year 2010. Cancer is a major cause of morbidity and mortality in developing and developed countries. In many low-income and middle-income countries, including India, most of the population does not have access to a well organized and well-regulated cancer care system.
Objective: (1) To study the socio-demographic profile of cancer patients attending tertiary care center.(2) To study the type, site and at what stage cancers are being reported to tertiary care center (3) To study the association of the cancer type with socio-demographic variables.
Material and methods: A Hospital-based Cross-Sectional Study carried out from November 2013 to October 2014. Detailed pre-designed and pre-tested proforma is used to collect information on the socio-demographic profile. All diagnosed cancer patients admitted at SDM College of Medical Sciences and Hospital. A total of 381 were studied during the study period.
Results: Total of the 381 cancer patients, Males were 154 (40.4%) and females were 227 (59.6%), it was found that majority of male, 78 (50.6%) study subjects were in the age group of 60-69 years, in socioeconomic status male subjects were in lower-middle and upper lower class i.e. 40 (26%) female were in upper-middle-class i.e. 70 (30.8%), according to the present study breast cancer (21.3%) was most prevalent, followed by CA liver and biliary tract (14.7%), followed by lungs (8.7%). the male was diagnosed in stage III of disease accounting 67(43.5%) female patients were diagnosed in stage II 86 (37.9).
Conclusion: Breast cancer more common among younger age group and upper SES, Cervical cancer more common among lower SES, Lung cancer in literates’. Liver cancer more common among the older age group and lower SES. So, these groups can be targeted for health education and screening for early diagnosis and treatment
A study of tubal ectopic pregnancy based on the histopathology of fallopian tubes in the age group of 20-35 years
Get PDFPurpose: Ectopic pregnancy is a life-threatening condition for the mother. Disruptions of the fallopian tube are considered to be important in its pathogenesis. The present study was conducted to observe the histopathology of this dreaded disease which could lead to the development of suitable remedies.
Methods: Cases diagnosed with ectopic gestation in the fallopian tube who subsequently underwent salpingectomy were considered for the study. Histopathology of sections from the affected fallopian tubes was studied under the light microscope after staining with H and E.
Results: Most cases presented with amenorrhoea, whereas others had dysmenorrhoea, menorrhagia, and menometrorrhagia. Histopathologic findings included the presence of salpingitis (acute and chronic), calcification, sclerosed vessel and.
Conclusion: Past history of inflammatory diseases, especially PID plays an important role in the subsequent development of ectopic pregnancy. Its prevention and treatment can lead to a decrease in the incidence of ectopic pregnancy
A study on nephropathy in type2 diabetes individuals in coastal Andhra Pradesh, India
Get PDFIntroduction: Diabetes nephropathy (DN) is an important, life-threatening microvascular complication of diabetes mellitus (DM). With this, a study was conducted to find the association between type 2 DM and DN.
Materials and Methods: The study was conducted in the department of general medicine, GSL Medical College. Type 2 diabetic subjects who attended the outpatient and inpatient wards, aged > 30 years were included in the study, known renal disease/ were not considered. Albumin creatinine ratio was measured by immune turbidometry using a microalbuminuria test kit provided by ERBA MANHEIM GERMANY. Serum creatinine was done by creatininase enzymatic method, eGFR was calculated using the CKD-EPI equation. P<0.05 was considered statistically significant.
Results: A total of 150 DM participants were included in the study; mean serum creatinine was 1.59 + 1.25 with a range from 0.4 to 8.7 mg/dl and mean eGFR of the study participants was 73.65 + 40.428 ml/min/m2 with a range from 7 to 162 ml/min/m2. DN was detected in 45% (67) participants.
Conclusions: The present study reveals that there was significant evidence to support that microalbuminuria or proteinuria in patients with diabetes is a potential risk factor not only for kidney function impairment but also as a marker for high risk of cardiovascular complications
A study to find the utility of MRI in the evaluation of painful hip joints
Get PDFIntroduction: Magnetic resonance (MR) imaging is a valuable tool in the evaluation of hip disorders. With these, a study was conducted to assess the role of MRI in the early evaluation of painful hip joints.
Materials and Methods: It was a cross-sectional study conducted in the department of Radiodiagnosis, GSL Medical College, Rajahmundry. The study protocol was approved by the Institutional Ethical Committee. Patients presenting with acute or chronic hip pain pathology of all age groups, both gender who referred for MRI were included in the study. Imaging has been done with 1.5 Tesla Philips Achieva machines using abdominal surface coils and spine coils.
Results: Out of the 30 participants, avascular necrosis was diagnosed in 46.6% (14) participants, joint effusion in 10% (3) cases, osteoarthritis (OA) in 4 (13.3%) cases, tuberculosis (TB) in 10% (3), 6.6% (2) each was diagnosed to be Perthe’s, developmental dysplasia of the hip (DDH) and metastasis, respectively. All the pathological findings were diagnosed using MRI also.
Conclusion: MRI helps in the evaluation of the involvement of articular cartilage in the form of T2W hyperintensity. It also helps in the evaluation of soft tissue involvement along with the detection of bone marrow edema
The necessity of replanning during the intensity-modulated radiotherapy (IMRT) for head and neck cancer, to ensure adequate coverage of target volume
Get PDFIntroduction: In head and neck cancer the location, size, shape of disease, and normal anatomy change in 6-7 weeks radiotherapy. As a result, steep dose gradients move across target and critical structures resulting in underdose to target and overdose to critical structures.
Aim: comparison of target coverage in initial IMRT plan and replan and to quantify dose changes to normal structures in two plans.
Methods and Material: 30 patients with locally advanced head and neck cancer patients planned for curative radiotherapy were selected and treated with 3DCRT plan. For dosimetric comparison IMRT plan was created for pre-treatment and repeat CT, which was done after 40Gy.
Statistical analysis used: Statistical methods (student’s paired t-test) were applied.
Results: Both PTV coverage (V95 from 96.29±1.12 to 97.33±0.80) and dose (D95 from 66.64±0.87 to 67.57±0.74) increased in replanned CT. Both max and mean doses to the brainstem and spinal cord along with mean dose to parotid glands increased in replanned CT.
Conclusions: Replanning is necessary during mid-treatment to accommodate anatomical and dosimetric changes during curative radiotherapy