International Journal of Medical Research & Review (IJMRR)
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Study on Association between BMI and Vitamin D Levels in South Indian Rural Population
Get PDFIntroduction: Vitamin D deficiency is a global health problem worldwide and is considered to be a pandemic with implications for compromised bone health and other chronic diseases. A few studies have examined the association between vitamin D status and body mass index (BMI). However, prospective data using the biomarker serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D 25(OH) D3 are limited and therefore examined in the present study. This study aims to evaluate the level of vitamin D status among healthy individuals and also to examine the relation between BMI and 25(OH)D in a cross-sectional sample of 100 men and women ranging in age from 18-75 years.
Methods: Participants were selected from subjects attending to Medicine Outpatient Department (OPD) in Sri Venkateshwara Medical College Hospital & Research Centre (SVMCH & RC) willing to participate in the present study between Jan 2020 to Dec 2020. Anthropometric measurements, personal, medical history questionnaire, food frequency questionnaire (FFQ) for vitamin D, and sun exposure questionnaire were collected from all the participants in the present study, blood samples for serum 25(OH)D3 were collected from all subjects.
Results: Our study showed that the majority of healthy individual cases of the study i.e., 68.0% have a deficiency in vitamin D status, while 68.0% have ≤20 ng/dl in vitamin D, and 32.0% in >20 ng/dl. Moreover, the study showed a negative association between the level of circulating 25(OH) D3 and BMI. There is a statistically significant and inverse correlation between the level of circulating 25(OH) D3 and BMI.
Conclusion: This study demonstrated that the association between BMI and 25(OH)D concentrations in populations from south India can be seen across different age groups and in both men and women. The study also exemplified that higher BMI leads to lower vitamin D status, providing evidence for the role of obesity as a causal risk factor for the development of vitamin D deficiency
Psoriatic Arthritis in the Eastern Part of Uttar Pradesh
Get PDFAim: This original research article aims to study Psoriatic Arthritis in the Eastern Part of Uttar Pradesh.
Material & Method: Two hundred twenty-eight patients of psoriasis regardless of age, sex, religion, occupation, attending the skin, and V. D. outpatients Department, B.R.D. Medical College, Gorakhpur for were taken because of the subject of this study. The bulk of patients belonged to the Eastern U.P. and adjoining areas of Bihar and Nepal. The clinical criteria for diagnosis of psoriasis were the presence of Erythematous and papulosquamous lesions with loosely adherent silvery-white scales. The auspitz\u27s sign was demonstrated all told the cases. The detailed clinical history and examination were recorded with Tests for Rheumatoid factor and serum uric acid, Radiographs of both hands and feet, Radiographs of the lumbosacral Spine and both sacroiliac joints and Radiographs of affected joints (if any). Each patient was categorised into mild to severe psoriasis.
Result: The total number of psoriatic arthritis cases was found, 26 of which male were 17 and female were 9. The maximum number of Arthritis cases, 18.5%, were seen with severe disease (PASI score > 15) with higher occurrence in males. The maximum number of joints involved distal interphalangeal joint was 69.2 3%, and the minimum number of joints involved was significant joint 7.69%.
Conclusion: Psoriasis care is unbalanced, with men being more likely to undergo specialist treatment than women, causing higher distal interphalangeal (D.I.P.) joint arthropathy
The sensitivity of electrodiagnostic criteria in subtype identification at the presentation in patients of Guillain-Barre syndrome
Get PDFIntroduction: Electrophysiology plays a pivotal role in identifying various GBS subtypes. Despite having many electrodiagnostic criteria,studies addressing their applicability in patients of GBS at diagnosis are quite a few.
Purpose: This study evaluates the sensitivity of 5 known electrophysiological criteria in patients with GBS at the time of presentation.
Material & Methods: Clinical and electrophysiological data of GBS patients admitted with us between January 2011 and December 2016 were collected retrospectively from our hospital database, compiled and analyzed. For each patient, 5 different criteria for the electrophysiological diagnosis of GBS were applied, and the sensitivity of these 5 criteria in the diagnosis was evaluated.
Results: A total of 288 patients were included. Closer concordance was noted between the criteria in diagnosing axonal subtype (Range- 36.81% to 41.32%).Italian criteria had the highest sensitivity (41.32%). There was a wider variation in the diagnosis of AIDP (Range- 19.79 to 34.72%). Hadden criteria showed the highest sensitivity (34.72%) closely followed by Ho et al (34.02%).
Conclusion: As the timing of Nerve Conduction Studies (NCS) and the severity of disease influence the grouping of each patient into a specific electrophysiologic subtype, one should be cautious in interpreting electrodiagnosticdata. Serial nerve conduction studies may be required to subtype each patient as electrophysiology evolves over the first few weeks of illness
Vitamin D3 effect on Albuminuria in Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus patients in Northern Andhra Pradesh, India
Get PDFIntroduction: Vitamin D deficiency is a common disorder in diabetic patients and may be a risk factor for the progression of diabetic nephropathy. The present study aimed to assess the effects of a large dose of parenteral. Vitamin D on 24 hours albuminuria in T2DM patients.
Methods: This prospective single-center study included 80 vitamin D deficient [25(OH) D <50 nmol/l] T2DM patients with an adequate glycemic control (HbA1c< 7.0%). Without any changes in anti-hyperglycemic or antihypertensive drugs, these patients were given a single high dose (600000 IU) of parenteral Vitamin D3. Then the changes in Vitamin D levels and 24 hours albuminuria were seen on follow up at 3 months.
Results: Vitamin D3 supplementation improved 24 hours albuminuria. In the present study, Twenty-four-hour urinary albumin excretion decreased from 210.4 ± 101.2 to 204.6 ± 104.5. In males, it changed from 221.8 ± 99.7 to 216.1 ± 100.3 and in females, it changed from 192.3 ± 108.5 to 186.7 ± 113.1. There was a negative association of albuminuria with Vit D levels in the present study.
Conclusion: Vitamin D3 supplementation significantly reduces 24-hour urinary albumin excretion in T2DM patients with Vitamin D3 deficiency
Papillary carcinoma of the male breast in a comparatively young patient: A case report of a rare entity
Get PDFBreast carcinoma in men is rare and intra-cystic papillary carcinoma of male breast is an extremely rare entity. Papillary lesions of male breast comprise of the spectrum of lesions ranging from benign intraductal papilloma to intraductal papillary carcinoma and invasive papillary carcinoma. It occurs most commonly in the seventh decade of life and accounts for <1% of all breast malignancies. The present case report is of a comparatively younger, 37 years old male who presented with a mass on lower quadrant (retro-areolar region) of the left breast
A single-centre experience of scrub typhus in a tertiary care centre - a re-emerging infection
Get PDFBackground: Scrub typhus is a documented disease in Himachal Pradesh, but there have been few clinico-epidemiological studies in this area. The present study is done with IgM ELISA as a diagnostic test which has higher sensitivity and specificity as most of the previous studies had used Weil Felix test as a diagnostic test.
Methodology: This was a prospective observational study. All the patients more than 18 years of age with positive IgM ELISA for scrub typhus with/without eschar were included. The clinical profile was observed. IgM scrub typhus was done by ELISA.
Results: Total of 39 patients were observed between July 2016 to Dec 2016. Maximum patients were observed in August, September, and October. Fever with Headache was the most common presenting complaint. Eschar was present in 10 % patients. Complications were seen in 76.92 %. The mortality rate was 0 %.
Conclusion: The varied presentations and high rate of complications require a high index of suspicion for Scrub Typhus. The general physicians should be sensitized for the early diagnosis and treatment to reduce morbidity and mortality
A study to find the correlation between mucocutaneous manifestations and CD4 counts among the newly diagnosed HIV individuals.
Get PDFIntroduction: Skin disorders are common manifestations of HIV disease. A study was conducted to find the correlation between the degree of immunosuppression and the incidence of specific skin disorders in patients with HIV infection.
Materials and methods: Study was conducted in the department of dermatology, SCB Medical College and Hospital, Cuttack from October 2010 to September 2012. Random sampling was considered in this study. Referred patients, after pretest counseling at ICTC Centre, were included and individuals who are on antiretroviral treatment were excluded. Relevant diagnostic tests were performed like scraping and KOH examination for the diagnosis of dermatophytoses and candidiasis, Tzanck smear for herpes infection, Darkfield microscopy for diagnosis of a syphilitic ulcer, Biopsy is done wherever required. CD4 count was done as per the guidelines.
Results: A total of 150 (100%) participants were included, the male-female ratio was 1.8. Age-wise, 57% (85) were included in 31–45 group and 15% were unmarried. Fungal infections constitute 17.9% of total mucocutaneous disorders followed by bacterial infections (10.5%), viral (8.09%) and parasitic (6.7%) infestations.
Conclusion: Age group, 31–45 years is the commonest for HIV infection. Fungal infections (dermatoses) of the skin were most common followed by bacterial folliculitis, herpes zoster, and scabies. Except for viral infections, the mean CD4 counts were <200cells/cu mm
A study of her-2/ neu oncogene expression in benign and malignant ovarian tumors
Get PDFBackground: Ovarian cancers are very common worldwide with serous epithelial tumors being the most common. Her-2/neuprotoncogene encodes a protein belonging to the EGFR tyrosine kinase receptor family. Overexpression has been shown for poor prognosis in breast cancer. The study was done to find the association of ovarian tumors with Her-2/neu expression.
Aim and objectives: To assess the clinicopathological profile of various ovarian tumors with special reference to age, histological type, grade, and stage of the tumor. To assess and compare the expression of Her-2/neu oncogene in benign and malignant ovarian tumors in relation to age, histological type, grade, and stage of the tumor.
Method: The prospective study was done on 37 specimens received in the Department of Pathology; NIMS medical college from the period between 2015 to 2019.
Results: All the benign and borderline tumors were negative for her-2/neu .48.6% of malignant tumors were her-2/neu positive.
Conclusion: Her-2/neu positivity was seen in 24.3% of ovarian tumors. All the benign and borderline tumors were negative for her-2/neu. 48.6% of malignant tumors were her-2/neu positive
Mental health of cisgender and transgender during COVID-19 pandemic
Get PDFNormally every individual wants to lead a free life movement but sometimes could not possible due to external environmental effects. During and after the home quarantine, people are still scared by consistent death and infected news of the 2019-nCoV pandemic. Which is why most of the persons have been feeling insecure and nervous that significantly growing up long term stress. The current study depicts the ongoing mental health condition of Bangladeshi cisgender and transgender individuals caused by the SARS-CoV-2 outbreak.
Methods: A quarter-long cross-sectional survey has been conducted to observe the current mental health condition of the people in Bangladesh. The current study surveyed 1162 participants in the country. The DASS21 scale was used to measure the stress level of individuals.
Outcomes: Results show that Bangladeshi individuals experienced a high level of stress (STD-15.28, Mean-32.61) that was higher than other recent studies such as China (STD: 5.45; Mean: 23.65). As a result, high levels of mental stress would be a reason for long-term mental illness after the 2019-nCoV pandemic, which may decline the health and working productivity. However, this study didn’t find any significant link between age/education levels and mental stress.
Conclusion: The study findings disclosed that the growing up mental stress issue is holding a wide variety of people captive in its claws. Therefore, the study suggests that more studies on mental illness should be required in every region around the world. This may help to make experimental mental health recommendations and possible outlines for starting a healthy life after the COVID-19 pandemic
Cardiac involvement in patients of dengue fever in reference to ECG and Echocardiography – A tertiary care center study
Get PDFIntroduction: Dengue rarely affects the heart but clinical symptoms of cardiac involvement may range greatly from silent illness to severe myocarditis resulting in death. Clinical features are asymptomatic and most are transient among patients with DF/DHF.
Material and methods: It was an observational study conducted at the Department of General Medicine, Peoples College of Medical Sciences and Research Centre, Bhopal. The total duration of the study was One and a half years from Dec 2018 to May 2020. All dengue patients presenting to People’s Hospital during one and half years from which data was collected using as per given proforma.
Results: In the present study group of 58 patients, it was found that 49 patients (84.5%) have not shown any cardiac abnormalities and 9 patients have abnormal values (15.5%) but are not significant. It is also found that the incidence of cardiac manifestations was more common in DHF and dengue shock syndrome which was 15.5% and 3.4%, respectively.
Conclusion: Clinical manifestations of cardiac involvement can vary widely from silent disease to severe myocarditis resulting in death. Rhythm abnormalities, hypotension, arrhythmias, myocarditis, myocardial depression with symptoms of heart failure and shock, and pericarditis have been reported. Involvement of multiple organs, as well as the presence of metabolic derangement, can further confuse the picture