Rumah Jurnal Universitas Majalengka
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Japan and the security of the Taiwan strait
No full text"one China" dilemma. p. 291-306 New York : Palgrave Macmillan, 2008
Human Breast Cancer in Tissue Culture: The Effects of Hormones
No full textThe hormone-dependent nature of some human breast cancers has been appreciated by physicians for nearly a century.(1) Clinical responses in breast cancer patients to ablative and additive hormone therapies suggest that several hormones are important growth regulators of mammary cancer. Recent studies of the basic mechanisms by which hormones influence target tissues have led to important advances in our understanding of steroid hormone action and the clinical care of women with breast cancer.(2,3) It is now recognized that the first step in steroid hormone action is the binding of the hormone to a cytoplasmic receptor protein.(4) In the absence of this receptor, the steroid hormone is unable to elicit a response in the cell. Using this principle, investigators have now identified receptors for estrogen and other steroid hormones in some breast tumor samples, providing a basis for more rational therapeutic decisions
Loss of Residual Hearing Initiated by Cochlear Implantation: Role of Inflammation-Initiated Cell Death Pathways, Wound Healing and Fibrosis Pathways, and Potential Otoprotective Therapies
No full textCochlear implantation with electrode array insertion, even in the best of surgical hands, can be traumatic, causing the release of pro-inflammatory and apoptotic factors that lead to loss of auditory hair cells that are critical for the retention of a cochlear implant patient’s residual hearing. The chronic inflammatory process following cochlear implantation can lead to cochlear fibrosis and increased cochlear implant (CI) impedance. This can interfere with function of the implant alone or when combined with acoustic stimulation as in electroacoustic stimulation of the auditory system. Less-traumatic surgical techniques have been developed and electrode arrays have been modified to reduce trauma associated with cochlear implantation. In addition, several drug therapies have been shown to reduce postoperative inflammation and conserve residual hearing in animal models of electrode insertion trauma-induced hearing loss. These drug therapies show promise for future use in CI patients, where conservation of residual hearing is a goal and these promising therapies need to be tested in clinical trials. Preserving residual low-frequency hearing in CI patients may provide improved speech perception in quiet and noise and enhanced music perception compared to CI patients that lose residual audition. Despite conservation of residual hearing with more advanced surgical techniques and low trauma electrode designs, residual native auditory function continues to deteriorate years after surgery. Future trends of cochlear implantation will likely focus on drug-eluting electrodes and longer less-traumatic electrodes that can compensate for a loss of residual hearing many years post-implantation
Clinical consensus document for fitting non-surgical transcutaneous bone conduction hearing devices to children
No full textThis clinical consensus document addresses the assessment, selection, and fitting considerations for non-surgical bone conduction hearing devices (BCHD) for children under the age of 5 years identified as having unilateral or bilateral, permanent conductive or mixed hearing losses. Children with profound unilateral sensorineural hearing losses are not addressed. The document was developed based on evidence review and consensus by The Paediatric Bone Conduction Working Group, which is composed of audiologists from North America who have experience working with BCHDs in children. The document aims to provide clinical direction for an area of paediatric audiology practice that is under development and is therefore lacking in standard protocols or guidelines. This work may serve as a basis for future research and clinical contributions to support prospective paediatric audiology practices
Treatment of advanced colorectal cancer in a patient with cardiotoxic reactions to 5-fluorouracil and capecitabine using suboptimal doses
No full textA 32-year-old female with stage IV colorectal cancer and metastasis to the liver experienced cardiotoxic reactions after treatment with 5-fluorouracil and its oral prodrug capecitabine even at two-thirds the recommended dose. After careful considerations, the decision was made to attempt capecitabine retrial at a further suboptimal dose with combination chemotherapy where she no longer experienced cardiac events. As a result, the liver tumour shrank and rectal mass stabilised, tumour markers dropped and she underwent surgical resection of both masses. Later there was local recurrence of disease near the previous liver tumour, so the suboptimal capecitabine therapy was restarted without complaint. The patient became a candidate for a NanoKnife procedure, offering a potentially curative therapy. This case report summarises a novel treatment strategy for those patients with advanced colorectal cancer who experience cardiotoxic reactions to fluoropyrimidines, the active agent of gold standard treatment