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Solute carrier transporters, reduced folate carrier 1 and equilibrative nucleoside transporter 1, as immunohistochemical markers for high-grade malignancy in bladder cancer
Get PDFClinicopathological parameters derived from initial transurethral resection of bladder tumor (TUR-Bt) have limitations in predicting tumor progression in bladder cancer. Reduced folate carrier 1 (RFC1) and equilibrative nucleoside transporter 1 (ENT1) are solute carrier (SLC) transporters supporting cellular uptake of endogenous bioactive substances and anti-cancer drugs. The aim of this study was to elucidate the role of SLC transporters in bladder cancer and investigate the potential of RFC1 and ENT1 expression as immunohistochemical markers for high-grade malignancy. We compared T-stage with the immunohistochemical expression of RFC1 and ENT1 and other clinicopathological parameters; moreover, we also used multiple logistic regression model to assess relative contributions for T-stage in bladder cancer (n=130). Concurrently, 57 TUR-Bt-derived imprint cytological samples were stained to evaluate the implication of cytological analysis. Elevated expression levels of RFC1 and ENT1 were significantly correlated with higher T-stage (p < .0001) and efficiently predicted tumor progression, compared with other clinicopathological parameters (RFC1, p = .0325; ENT1, p = .0171). Independent variables of optimal model for predicting T-stage were gender, age, histological grade, expression levels of RFC1 and ENT1. Cytological analysis was consistent with immunostained-tissue data. We reveal RFC1 and ENT1 as potential immunohistocytochemical markers for high-grade malignancy in bladder cancer.journal articl
Characteristics of Parents and Their Infants with Autistic Behaviors: Parent-Infant Interaction, Parental Depression, and Parenting Stress
Get PDFParents of infants with autistic behaviors frequently face difficulties in childrearing owing to their infants’ behavioral traits. This study aimed to clarify the characteristics of parent-infant interaction, parental depressive symptoms, and parenting stress in the context of infants’ autistic behaviors. We employed a cross-sectional, case-control observational design with a case group of 52 parents and a control group of 56 parents. We measured parent- infant interaction using the Japanese version of the Nursing Child Assessment Teaching Scale, and parental depressive symptoms and parenting stress with the Japanese version of the Center for Epidemiologic Studies Depression Scale and the Japanese Parenting Stress Index Short Form, respectively. There was no significant difference between the two groups regarding parent-infant interaction. Mothers in the case group had significantly higher depressive symptoms than those in the control group (p < .05). Both fathers (p < .05) and mothers (p < .01) in the case group scored significantly higher than the control group on parenting stress. Thus, parents of infants with autistic behaviors have greater mental health problems right from infancy. We suggest that nurses should provide families with appropriate support to promote adaptive parent-infant interaction and prevent the aggravation of parental mental health problems irrespective of Autism Spectrum Disorder diagnoses.journal articl
Human keratinocyte HaCaT cells form aggregates containing Ras-GAP SH3 domain-binding proteins in the cytoplasm in response to a low dose of teniposide
Get PDFEukaryotic cells, when exposed to stress, stop protein translation and form cytoplasmic granules called stress granules (SGs) containing mRNAs and mRNA-binding proteins such as Ras-GAP SH3 domain-binding protein (G3BP) 1 and 2. Cells are thought to survive stress by utilizing SGs as the platform of RNA triage. Accordingly, in cancer cells, SGs are proposed to cause resistance against anti-cancer drugs. We initiated this study to identify novel compounds that induce SGs. We exposed human keratinocyte HaCaT cells to various chemical compounds and immunostained them with anti-G3BP antibody. We found that the cells exposed to topoisomerase inhibitors, teniposide and topotecan, form G3BP-containing aggregates (GCAs). GCAs look like SGs, but are formed more slowly and are not dissociated after stress removal. GCA formation is not associated with eIF2α phosphorylation, while in most cases SG formation depends on it. More importantly, GCAs do not contain representative components of SGs or mRNAs. In sum, we have unexpectedly found a novel cytoplasmic structure ｃontaining G3BP that is distinct from SG.journal articl
Behavioral and oral characteristics of patients in a general dental clinic in Japan –Focus on cancellation without notice–
Get PDFIntroduction; Understanding patient behavior is important to ensure good clinical outcomes for patients and efficient use of resources. Few studies have investigated compliance of patients attending a general dental clinic with treatment requiring multiple visits. In Japan, general dental practitioners are the main providers of dental treatment. The objective of this study was to analyze information from dental patients first visit, with their subsequent attendance.
Methods; The study involved 450 adult participants. Associations between data obtained from self-completed questionnaires, oral examination and subsequent attendance, were tested by logistic regression analyses. The main outcome examined was whether the patient failed to attend for further treatment (cancellation without notice).
Results; The most common reason for subjects’ initial visit was for a dental problem with definite symptoms. Cancellation without notice was significantly higher in younger patients, those without referrals, those with non-responses to medical questions, had severe periodontal disease and two or more decayed teeth.
Discussion; Certain patient characteristics are associated with the probability of subsequent failure to complete treatment. Those that present with two or more decayed teeth may be a useful indicator of requiring more intensive motivational intervention to prevent the risk of failing to complete dental treatment.journal articl
Efficacy of Single Energy Metal Artifact Reduction (SEMAR) for Head and Neck Cancer
Get PDFPositron-emission tomography/computed tomography (PET/CT) in the head and neck region is susceptible to artifacts caused by dental restorations. Metal artifact reduction is an established technology that can be used to improve the quality of CT images. The diagnostic efficacy of single-energy metal artifact reduction (SEMAR) for head and neck cancer has not been proven. We aimed to investigate the efficacy of SEMAR with PET/CT in the field of head and neck cancer. The study included 46 patients who underwent PET/CT with SEMAR. For qualitative evaluation, images with and without SEMAR were visually evaluated by two radiologists using a 5-point scale. For quantitative assessment, the standardized uptake values (SUVs) -related parameters were assessed based on their position in normal structures such as the tongue, tonsils, masseter muscles, and spinal cord. The qualitative analysis revealed that SEMAR improved the overall quality of PET/CT fusion images (2.28 ± 1.24 points vs. 3.61 ± 0.77 points, p < 0.0001). The scores for normal structures were also enhanced. SEMAR did not change the SUV-related values significantly. In conclusion, SEMAR significantly improved the quality of PET/CT fusion images. Thus, SEMAR with PET/CT clearly has potential diagnostic efficacy.journal articl
Pulmonary adenocarcinoma with mucin production and possible subtyping based on driver mutations and transcription factors
Get PDFThe current WHO classification of lung cancer cannot appropriately characterize adenocarcinoma with mucin production. No suitable entity or typical adenocarcinoma with mucin has been established, and only two variants exist: invasive mucinous adenocarcinoma (IMA) and colloid adenocarcinoma. To obtain basic data toward appropriate classification, we sought to study the characterization of adenocarcinoma with mucin production based on criteria that account for both cytoplasmic and glandular mucin, as well as a mucin lake. EGFR and KRAS mutations and protein expression of TTF-1 and HNF4a were examined in 90 cases extracted from 748 consecutive adenocarcinomas. Among the 90 tumors, 14 were IMAs, and 76 were not. The non-IMA group had fewer mucin lakes (74%), more moderately/poorly differentiated tumors (57%), more EGFR (26%) mutations and fewer KRAS (34%) mutations than the IMA group. Interestingly, the tumors were divided into the three subtypes, TTF-1-positive, HNF4apositive and double-negative, almost exclusively. In conclusion, with the use of wider criteria for mucin production, as well as driver mutations and transcription factor expression, we may be able to establish criteria for adenocarcinomas with mucin, which may lead to the more appropriate classification of mucinous adenocarcinoma in the future.journal articl
Development and evaluation of an English learning system using smartphones in Japanese dental hygiene education
Get PDFPurpose: To develop and evaluate the effects of an English learning system using smartphones in Japanese dental hygiene education.
Methods: Forty-three third-year undergraduate university dental hygiene students took a preliminary examination and then were randomly divided into two groups, Group I or II, according to their results to make the English level of each group approximately equal. Group I took examination A as a pre-examination and examination B as a post-examination. Group II took examination B as a pre-examination and examination A as a post-examination. Each examination was composed of dental terminology and speaking sections. All participants studied English learning materials via a learning management system, which included a series of four subtopics related to dental caries prevention, as re- and self-learning.
Results: In the terminology section, both groups showed significantly higher post-examination scores than pre-examination scores, regardless of which examination (A or B) was taken as the pre-examination (Group I: p < 0.0001, Group II: p =0.0025).
Conclusions: The English learning system using smartphones developed in this study effectively increased participants’ dental English vocabulary. English speaking skills showed no improvement and another learning style should be evaluated in a future study.journal articl
Predictive preoperative factors of long-term survival rate after open surgery for abdominal aortic aneurysm
Get PDFObjective:
We aimed to examine long-term survival rate andthe risk factors of poor prognosis in patients whounderwent open surgery (OS) for abdominal aorticaneurysm (AAA).
Materials and Methods:
We performed a retrospective analysis of thepatients who underwent elective OS for AAAbetween 2005 and 2011 at Tokyo Medical andDental University Hospital. The relations betweenmortality rate and preoperative clinical factorswere examined.
Results:
For this study 195 patients were identified. Themortality was significantly related to size ofaneurysm, type of aneurysm, massive bleedingduring operation, age, anemia, uncontrolledhypertension, and comorbid chronic kidneydisease. No specific leading causes of death wereidentified for these increases in the mortalityrate. Cox proportional hazard model revealed thatanemia, hypertension, and chronic kidney disease(CKD) were independent predictive factors ofhigher mortality in the patients who underwent OSfor AAA.
Discussion:
In our previous study, high preoperative CRPlevel was correlated to long-term death rate afterendovascular aortic aneurysm repair (EVAR) forAAA. The difference might be attributed to the factthat OS relieves the aortic wall tension and reducesthe aortic inflammation, whereas EVAR does not,because of endoleak or endotension.journal articl
Use of the ¹³C breath test to assess late dumping after esophagectomy and subsequent gastric tube reconstruction for esophageal cancer
Get PDFBackground and Aim: The aim of the present study was to evaluate the clinical usefulness of the ¹³C breath test in postoperative patients who underwent gastric tube reconstruction following esophagectomy. Methods: Postoperative patients (POs; n=26) and healthy volunteers (HVs; n=10) were included as subjects. Of the 26 POs, the 7 with late dumping symptoms were regarded as the dumping group (DG), and the remaining were considered the non-dumping group (NDG). Semisolid test meal mixed with 100 mg of ¹³C-sodium acetate was given to each subject. Breath samples for the ¹³C gas analysis and blood samples were collected. Results: The Cmax was 37 ± 13(‰) in the HVs and 49 ± 11(‰) in POs, being significantly higher in POs (p=0.019). The Cmax was 56 ± 14(‰) for DG and 47 ± 8.9(‰) for NDG, indicating that the Cmax in the DG tended to be higher than that in the NDG, although not to a significant degree (p=0.12). The change in the C value and each glucose metabolism-related marker showed a general correlation. Conclusion: The present results suggest that the ¹³C-acetate breath test reflects changes in glucose homeostasis after esophagectomy, making it useful for objectively and simply assessing late dumping symptoms in postoperative esophageal cancer patients.journal articl
Influence of Nurses’ Work Environment on Their Self-Evaluation of Nursing Work
Get PDFThis study examined nurses’ self-evaluation of their nursing work, determined whether there were variations in these self-evaluations, and explored how work environment factors influence them. Data were collected using a large-scale survey (31,657 objects). We extracted the essential principal components from the data on self-evaluation of nursing work and identified differences in principal component scores among workplace classifications and age groups. We also evaluated the relationships between scores for selfevaluation of nursing work and work environment factors using multiple regression models. Work environment factors significantly affected nurses’ intention to separate from employment (adjusted R² = 0.230) but exerted weaker effects on adequate nursing provision (adjusted R² = 0.028) and sense of fulfillment in nursing work (adjusted R² = 0.042). Both individual work environments (external factors) and nurses’ personal attributes (internal factors) should be considered major targets in implementing countermeasures for nurse turnover. Among the external factors, reduction of workload and organizational eradication of power harassment specifically demonstrated relationships with a sense of fulfillment in nursing work, and may act as additional countermeasures for nurse turnover.journal articl