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Zaagtoonaa Nibi (We Love the Water): : Anishinaabe community-led research on water governance and protection
No full textThis paper presents Indigenous community-led, collaborative, and community-engaged water governance research with a First Nations community in the Georgian Bay and Lake Huron region in northeastern Ontario, Canada. The methodology draws on Indigenous approaches to understanding and developing knowledge and is designed to build community capacity in research and in water protection and governance. This approach recognizes existing community strengths, including traditional knowledge, experiences, perspectives, and associated cultural perspectives and values, laws, responsibilities and lived experience in relation to water. Results identify and contextualize community-held responsibilities and legal principles pertaining to water that support culturally relevant water governance and strategic planning. By synthesizing and extending previous water protection initiatives, this research meaningfully supports the community’s position and leadership on water security and governance. This, in turn, strengthens Indigenous water governance and sustainable water governance broadly as Indigenous understandings and approaches to water are holistic and concern relationships with and responsibilities to all of Creation
Macroscopic Analysis Of The Viscous-Diffusive Traffic Flow Model
No full textSecond-order macroscopic traffic models are characterized by a continuity equation and an acceleration equation. Convection, anticipation, relaxation, diffusion, and viscosity are the predominant features of the different classes of the acceleration equation. As a unique approach, this paper presents a new macro-model that accounts for all these dynamic speed quantities. This is done to determine the collective role of these traffic quantities in macroscopic modeling. The proposed model is solved numerically to explain some phenomena of a multilane traffic flow. It also includes a linear stability analysis. Furthermore, the evolution of speed and density wave profiles are presented under the perturbation of some parameters
Naming the Bahamas Islands: History and Folk Etymology
No full textThe names of the individual islands of the Bahamas and place names on them reflect major currents in their history. Names from the Lucayan period are reflected in Spanish writings of the 16th century; British settlement from Bermuda and from Providence Island influence naming in the late 17th century, while British loyalists from the United States after the Revolutionary War in the late 18th century contribute further names. Even in more recent times there has been some naming and renaming. Names for smaller islands reflect for the most part the flora and fauna of the islands. Historical facts and academic writings, however, have often been disregarded by the population and this has given rise to curious local folk etymologies. NOTE: An earlier version of this paper was given at the 2014 meeting of ICOS at the University of Glasgow. It was submitted for publication in the Proceedings of that conference. This present version submitted to Onomastica Canadiana is a much expanded and amended version of the earlier paper.Les noms des différentes îles des Bahamas et les toponymes qu'on y trouve reflètent certains grands courants de leur histoire. Les noms de la période Lucayan se retrouvent dans les écrits espagnols du 16e siècle; la colonisation britannique des Bermudes et del'île de Providence ont influencé le choix des désignations vers la fin du 17e siècle, tandis que l'arrivée de loyalistes britanniques en provenance des États-Unis après la Guerre d'indépendance de la fin du 18e siècle, a engendré d'autres noms. Même au cours des périodes plus récentes, il y a eu quelques désignations et redésignations. Les noms des petites îles reflètent en grande partie la flore et la faune des îles. Toutefois, les faits historiques et écrits académiques ont souvent été ignorés par la population, ce qui a donné lieu à de curieuses étymologies folkloriques locales. NOTE : Une version antérieure de ce document a été présentée lors de la réunion d'ICOS 2014 à l'Université de Glasgow. Elle a été soumise pour publication dans les Actes de cette conférence. La présente version soumise à Onomastica Canadiana est une version considérablement modifiée et bien plus élaborée de la communication antérieure.
 
Preserving the Community in Gabriel García Márquez’s Crónica de una muerte anunciada (Chronicle of a Death Foretold)
No full textIn García Márquez’s novel, Chronicle of a Death Foretold, the author deftly applies names to transmit the novel’s themes. In this paper, we analyse García Márquez’s text from the perspective of community. We examine how names are used discursively to portray the roles of characters and their contributions to the fictional community in the novel, and explore the role of patriarchy in a society’s ambivalent commitment to preserving a community ideal known as the ‘cult of virginity’. Dans le roman de García Márquez, Chronicle of a Death Foretold [chronique d’une mort annoncée], l’auteur choisit adroitement des noms propres afin de véhiculer les thèmes du roman. Dans le présent article, nous analysons le texte de García Márquez sous l’angle de la communauté. Nous nous penchons sur la façon dont les noms propres sont utilisés discursivement en vue de décrire les rôles des personnages et leurs contributions auprès de la communauté fictive du roman, et nous explorons le rôle du patriarcat dans le cadre
Rapid Speciation of the London Underground Mosquito (Culex pipiens molestus)
No full textIn evolutionary biology, speciation is often perceived as a gradual evolutionary process spanning thousands of generations. However, the emergence of the London Underground mosquito (Culex pipiens molestus) from the common house mosquito (Culex pipiens) illustrates a recent, observable speciation event. Via allopatric speciation, the mosquito population in London’s underground railway system evolved distinct behavioural and physiological characteristics, becoming isolated and successful in its unique underground environment. The two mosquito species are significantly genetically distinct, and various reproductive barriers exist between them. The London Underground mosquito demonstrates a rapid speciation event that occurred over only a couple generations and is a strong model of evolution
Planting Seeds of Change: Voices of Indigenous Youth on Wholistic Health
No full textIndigenous youth are key partners in improving our understanding of holistic health and identifying solutions to address health-related issues. The Urban Gardens Project was a community-based research partnership involving Indigenous youth co-researchers, Brandon University, Indigenous Knowledge Users, Elders, and Indigenous organizations in Winnipeg and Brandon, Manitoba. Using the Medicine Wheel as an analytic framework, the study identified key indicators of spiritual, mental, physical, and emotional wellbeing that Indigenous youth attributed to gardening. Findings illuminate the need for policies to foster Indigenous youth engagement, leadership, and urban gardening programs that advance Indigenous cultural practices to contribute to Indigenous health and wellbeing. The research was funded by the Canadian Institutes for Health Research (CIHR)
The Impact of COVID-19 stress on adolescent dating relationship quality: The moderating role of parental support
No full textThe Coronavirus 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic has impacted social relationships and mental health across the globe. Adolescents, being in a developmentally vulnerable position, have faced negative adjustment outcomes that are likely impacting their close relationships, including those with romantic partners and parents. Although research has been conducted on adult romantic relationships and adolescent parental relationships during the pandemic, there has been little investigation into the area of adolescent romantic relationships during this time. The goal of the present study was to determine how adolescent dating relationships have been impacted by the stress of the COVID-19 pandemic, and how parental support during lockdown plays a role in relationship quality. Moderate levels of COVID-19 stress and parental support were reported among the present sample, along with high relationship quality. Regressions showed no significant relationship between COVID-19 stress, romantic relationship quality, and parental support. However, contextual questions revealed positive relationship changes during the COVID-19 pandemic, such as increases in commitment and closeness. The findings of the present study are important for understanding the ways adolescent romantic relationship quality during the pandemic may impact adolescents’ capacity to develop future successful social and romantic relationships moving into adulthood
Meta-analysis of cognitive functioning in ADHD: An fMRI investigation
No full textAttention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) is a common neurodevelopmental disorder characterized by symptoms of inattentiveness, hyperactivity, and impulsivity. To examine the neural correlates of abnormal cognitive functioning in ADHD, we conducted a meta-analysis of voxel-based brain morphometry (VBM) studies using an anatomical likelihood estimation (ALE) algorithm with 14 functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) studies (556 participants [254 subjects with ADHD, 302 healthy controls], 149 activation foci, 26 experimental contrasts). Significant clusters indicative of peak levels of voxel activation were observed in the right dorsal anterior cingulate cortex (BA 32), a region associated with regulating emotional responses, and the right superior temporal gyrus (BA 22), a region associated with response inhibition. These findings contribute to a growing body of research on cognitive functioning in ADHD and may inform future fMRI investigations. A need is highlighted for additional research into the role of the right superior temporal gyrus to resolve contradictory findings in the literature. Additionally, limitations surrounding the generalizability of these findings are discussed, with an emphasis on publication bias, weighting error, and non-representative sampling
Diurnal variation of depression: Circadian rhythmic mood variability in nighttime depression
No full textDepression is one of the most prevalent mental illnesses, affecting around 5% of people globally (WHO, 2021). It has various psychopathologies relating to the different onsets of symptoms that negatively impact one’s mood. Many people who have depression or mood disorders often experience a rhythmic change in the severity of their symptoms throughout the day. Such characteristics of mood fluctuation, specifically more serious symptoms in the evenings, highlight the important feature of mood variability in nighttime depression. Despite being a common pattern in many diagnoses of mood disorders, there is currently a gap in the literature that comprehensively analyzes the root cause of its manifestation. Studies have consistently shown that the circadian rhythm plays a major role in monitoring the secretion of hormones and neurotransmitters that are related to mood. This internal clock also governs important physiological features such as body temperature that contribute to people’s overall sensation and activeness. In direct relation to the circadian rhythm, people’s sleeping patterns also greatly impact their mood. It has been found that symptoms of insomnia or other sleep-related disturbances hamper people’s mood satisfaction and their ability to regulate their emotions. This paper summarizes the various disciplinary approaches that capture the basis of mood variation and examines how they explain the specific pattern of evening worsening of depressive symptoms