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Creating Mothers of the Race and Caregivers of the Volksgemeinschaft: Analyzing National Socialist Education for German Girls Between 1933-1939
No full textThis article examines girls’ education in Nazi Germany between 1933 and 1939 and the role the National Socialist German Worker’s Party (NSDAP) envisioned education to play in National Socialist society. It argues that girls’ education was designed to produce future German mothers through an emphasis on racial health, hygiene, housework, and motherhood in school curriculum, textbooks, and service in the Agriculture Auxiliary Service. Further, the article argues that the motherhood role German girls were guided towards included caring for and fostering the physical and racial health of the volkskörper and volksgemeinschaft. Although it is difficult to determine the effectiveness of these changes, exploring said changes expands present understandings of how National Socialist ideology was functionalized and incorporated into the German education system
L’adaptation sérielle de Suburra, ou la transmédialité comme apport d’un regard éthique sur la société contemporaine
No full textIn 2013, Giancarlo De Cataldo and Carlo Bonini published the novel Suburra. Between 2017 and 2020, streaming platform Netflix releases its first original Italian series, Suburra. La serie, a free adaptation of the book of the same name. Directed by Michele Placido, Andrea Molaioli and Giuseppe Capotondi, the three seasons are characterized by a dense script that interweaves complex plots around a triple criminal polarization: the interests of Roman traffickers, local political figures and high-ranking Vatican dignitaries are inextricably intertwined around the acquisition of land in Ostia, geographical symbols of hegemonic power. This article shows how, through the narrative choices made by its authors, the serial adaptation of Suburraconstitutes a richer and more ethically accomplished version than the original literary work. Indeed, the series challenges the crystallization of representations that characterized the novel, locking the characters into a good/evil dichotomy around which each of their actions was structured. Shaking up the systemic arrangement of the original diegesis, the series subtly works on interpersonal and institutional relationships, to open up a more human and ethical narrative of crime and the contemporary world.En 2013, Giancarlo De Cataldo et Carlo Bonini font paraître le roman Suburra. Entre 2017 et 2020, la plateforme de streaming Netflix diffuse sa première série originale italienne, Suburra. La serie, libre adaptation du livre éponyme. Dirigées par Michele Placido, Andrea Molaioli et Giuseppe Capotondi, les trois saisons se caractérisent par un scénario dense qui fait s’entremêler des intrigues complexes autour d’une triple polarisation criminelle : les intérêts de trafiquants romains, de figures politiques locales et de hauts dignitaires du Vatican s’y trouvent ainsi inextricablement mêlés autour de l’acquisition de terrains à Ostia, symboles géographiques d’un pouvoir hégémonique. Cet article montre comment, à travers les choix narratifs opérés par ses auteurs, l’adaptation sérielle de Suburra constitue une version plus riche et aboutie, du point de vue éthique, que l’œuvre littéraire originelle. En effet, la série remet en cause la cristallisation des représentations qui caractérisait le roman et enfermait les personnages dans une dichotomie bien / mal, autour de laquelle s’articulait chacune de leurs actions. Bouleversant l’agencement systémique de la diégèse originelle, la série travaille avec subtilité les rapports interpersonnels et institutionnels, pour ouvrir sur une narration plus humaine et éthique de la criminalité et du monde contemporain
Optimal actuator placement for control of vibrations induced by pedestrian-bridge interactions
No full textIn this paper, an optimal actuator placement problem, with a linear wave equation as the constraint, is considered. In particular, this work presents the framework for finding the best location of actuators depending upon the given initial conditions, and where the dependence on the initial conditions is averaged out. The problem is motivated by the need to control vibrations induced by pedestrian-bridge interactions. An approach based on the shape optimization techniques is used to solve the problem. Specifically, the shape sensitivities involving a cost functional are determined using the averaged adjoint approach. A numerical algorithm based on these sensitivities is used as a solution strategy. Numerical tests illustrate the theoretical results
Homelessness Service Systems Responses to COVID-19
No full textIt is difficult to overstate the degree of uncertainty during the early days of the coronavirus disease of 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic, as government advice largely emphasized self-quarantine and isolation, stringent hygienic and sanitation practices, implementation of regulations around face masks and shields, and closure of congregate public spaces. This uncertainty was especially true for homelessness service providers, as homelessness is a phenomenon which has historically taken place primarily in public and communal spaces. It is important to consider that data collection among people experiencing homelessness (PEH) has always been a complex endeavor, as these populations can be transient, hard-to-reach, and reluctant to engage with researchers. COVID-19 testing was also severely limited throughout 2020, prior to the development of readily available self-administered tests. Understanding the complete picture of COVID-19 transmission within homeless populations during the early days of the outbreak, is therefore immensely challenging. For these reasons, this study, undertaken in August 2020, seeks to record the impact of the early pandemic period on homelessness service systems from a policy perspective. The value of this perspective is twofold: first, it documents how systems in a wide array of contexts responded to a critical public health crisis and can stand as a record of how systems operated prior to and immediately after the outbreak occurred, providing important historical context for future research; and second, it helps contextualize new and emerging data around the experience of PEH during COVID-19 and its lingering impacts
The Conflation of the Justification Framework for Infringement of Aboriginal Rights with the Oakes Test in Tsilhqot’in Nation v British Columbia
No full textIn Tsilhqot'in Nation v British Columbia, the Supreme Court of Canada replaced the test for the justification of Aboriginal rights infringements with a framework that is nearly indistinguishable from the Oakes test. The goal of this paper is to show that this development in the law, and thus the current justification framework, is undesirable and erroneous. This paper submits four reasons to arrive at this conclusion. First, the justification test proposed in Tsilhqot'in mirrors the test rrequired to prove an infringement of Aboriginal rights, whose burden of proof falls on the Indigenous party, and hence shifts the entire onus of proving justification from the Crown to the Indigenous party. Second, the conflation of the Oakes test with the justification framework makes justification effectively impossible, which may cause reluctance amongst courts to recognize Aboriginal rights. Third, Aboriginal rights are fundamentally different from Charter rights and should not be subjected to a test designed for the Charter. Fourth, the incorporation of the Oakes test into the justification framework runs contrary to established principles of constitutional interpretation. These four reasons merit abandoning the framework proposed in Tsilhqot'in. Otherwise, this area of the law will be riddled with doctrinal flaws and Indigenous interests will suffer
“Wisdom Seeking Together”: Circling around Research Ethics
No full textBefore Indigenous scholars engage in decolonial research with human participants, Canadian universities must grant them ethics approval. Grounded by the experiences of the nehiyaw researcher and the Chair of the research ethics board who reviewed the research, we explore the experience of REB review with research exploring self-determination and sovereignty with nehiyaw iskwewak (Cree females) as Knowledge Holders. In accordance with iyiniwak (Indigenous Peoples) beliefs, the co-creators and authors positioned themselves in the centre of a circle with Natural Law teachings of kindness, honesty, caring, strength, and determination. In this shared space, we brought together dialogues connected to thematics grounded in ceremony, Natural Law (iyiniwak teachings), and cyclical process. Through four directions, we examine colonial processes and identify REB accountabilities
Towards "Good" Native Land Governance: An Evaluation in Sarawak, Malaysia
No full textSarawak is the largest state in Malaysia, where two-thirds of the population are Indigenous. This study aims to evaluate, through the lens of good governance principles, the current practice of the Sarawak State’s formal land governance of lands associated with Native Customary Rights (hereafter known as Native land governance). Being quantitative in nature, this study conceptualises an evaluation framework for good governance principles as applied to Native land governance. Next, this study empirically tests out the framework by adopting a multi-criteria decision-making tool known as The Technique for Order of Preference by Similarity to Ideal Solution (TOPSIS). TOPSIS analysis enables the integration of perceptions between State/private groups and Indigenous groups. The output of the TOPSIS analysis is summarised in a strength, weakness, opportunity, and threat (SWOT) format according to the TOPSIS closeness value. Unfortunately, results show that the weaknesses outnumber the strengths in Sarawak’s Native land governance. Among these issues, Indigenous respondents highlight major issues with the Sarawak land registry’s efficiency in delivering outcomes that are equitable for Indigenous land rights. This study ends with recommendations on how the state of Sarawak can move towards compliance with good governance principles in relation to lands associated with Native Customary Rights
L’animal de Compagnie, un Allié Important Pour les Personnes qui Vivent Dans la Rue
No full textCet article porte un regard sur la réalité des personnes qui vivent avec des animaux de compagnie dans la rue. Plus spécifiquement, il documente la manière dont l’animal de compagnie peut favoriser l’intégration sociale des personnes en situation d’itinérance et d’un autre côté, la maintenir dans un processus de désaffiliation sociale. La démarche utilisée est de type qualitatif où des entrevues semi-dirigées ont été réalisées auprès de huit personnes ayant déjà vécu dans la rue avec des animaux de compagnie. Les résultats de cette recherche s’appuient sur un ancrage conceptuel issu de la pratique du « care » et du processus de désaffiliation sociale. Ils ont permis de mettre en lumière différents types de relations qui peuvent être vécues avec un animal lorsqu’une personne vit en situation d’itinérance et ainsi soulever les bénéfices et les contraintes qu’elle peut vivre en sa présence. Cette étude montre ainsi l’importance de la mise en place de services adaptés pour soutenir les personnes en situation d’itinérance dans leur relation avec leur animal de compagnie et ainsi mener davantage de recherches pour comprendre la retombée de ces services sur leur bien-être et celui de leur animal.
New and Expanding Populations of People Experiencing Homelessness in British Columbia, Canada During the COVID-19 Pandemic
No full textThis community-based research examines the impact of the coronavirus disease of 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic on service provision to people experiencing homelessness and concurrent disorders (PEHCD) in British Columbia, Canada. Using mixed methods, 119 service providers from across BC participated in a survey, and of those, 25 participated in semi-structured interviews. Several gaps emerged in service delivery to PEHCD during the COVID-19 pandemic. Despite these challenges, service providers adapted to support their clients’ needs, which included supporting new and expanding service groups: (a) people who were experiencing homelessness for the first time due to pandemic-related job loss, (b) people who receive low incomes and are experiencing food insecurity, (c) more complex mental health needs, (d) seniors, (e) youth/students, and (f) family members fleeing violence in the home (e.g., intimate partner violence and child abuse). In the absence of Point-in-Time Counts in Canada during the COVID-19 pandemic as per physical distancing protocols, this data on new and expanding service groups highlights the critical need to embed considerations for social vulnerabilities and secondary impacts into pandemic planning and response efforts
Editor's Introduction: Absence and the Void
No full textConceived in pre-COVID times—a wholly different world that no longer exists, having been phase-shifted out of reality—in October 2019, Chiasma’s 8th Volume was oriented around “ethics.” As a viral reality overtook the year of protests, sending the world into a retrograde tailspin, the theme of “ethics” soon became one of “absence”—an absence of ethics, and absence of proper politics, and absence of communal theorizing. What next