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L’utilisation de théories populaires des systèmes de recommandation pour éclairer l’IA explicable centrée sur l’humain (HCXAI)
No full textThis study uses folk theories of the Spotify music recommender system to inform the principles of human-centered explainable AI (HCXAI). The results show that folk theories can reinforce, challenge, and augment these principles facilitating the development of more transparent and explainable recommender systems for the non-expert, lay public.Cette étude utilise les théories populaires du système de recommandation de musique de Spotify pour éclairer les principes de l'IA explicable centrée sur l'humain (HCXAI). Les résultats montrent que les théories populaires peuvent renforcer, remettre en question et augmenter ces principes, facilitant le développement de systèmes de recommandation plus transparents et explicables pour le public non initié et non expert
Public Health Responses to Homelessness During COVID-19 in Ireland: Implications for Health Reform
No full textThe intersection between health and homelessness is well documented and has been made more explicit since the onset of the coronavirus disease of 2019 (COVID-19). In the Global North, COVID-19 related public health responses targeting homeless populations have varied across countries, including greater national-level financial investment, temporarily housing those in congregate facilities in ‘self-contained’ accommodation, time-limited eviction moratoriums and dedicated health system interventions across homelessness and addiction services to enable social distancing and self-isolation. Yet questions remain about the immediate and longer-term outcomes of these newly implemented responses and whether they will be sustained. Such considerations are critical and timely in countries such as Ireland, where significant health reform is underway. In this paper, we use Ireland as a case study to explore whether and how public health responses to homelessness during COVID-19 hold important insights for the development of more effective health policy. Drawing on publicly available Irish data, we present a secondary analysis of COVID-19 infection rates amongst homelessness service users as well as trends in emergency accommodation usage between 2020 and 2021. Focusing specifically on public health measures implemented during the pandemic via the health and housing systems, respectively, we discuss how such interventions may have impacted on these homelessness figures in both intended and unexpected ways. We conclude by teasing out and unpacking relevant lessons for health reform
A Qualitative Exploration of People Who Have Left Housing First and Returned to Homelessness
No full textThis article offers a thick, rich, multidimensional, and situational look into a Housing First (HF) program in Charlotte, North Carolina, called HousingWorks. This study focuses on individuals who have experienced chronic homelessness and who exited permanent supportive housing (PSH) programs that employ a HF model and return to homelessness. In January 2022, there were 582,500 people experiencing homelessness in the United States (The U.S Department of Housing and Urban Development [HUD], 2023). One-third of these individuals had patterns of chronic homelessness, which has doubled since 2016 (HUD, 2023). Additionally, one-third of unsheltered individuals are at a high risk of being unsheltered again. To address issues of chronic homelessness, emphasis has been placed on increasing supportive housing, which combines permanent affordable housing with supportive services (permanent supportive housing), commonly called a housing first, or the rapid rehousing approach. Participants exited HousingWorks for multiple individual and programmatic reasons. All exits in this study were tied to relationships individuals had with friends, family (of choice and biological), romantic partners, case managers, and neighbors. Consumers, providers, and former residents describe their experiences and offer insights for improving housing retention in PSH programs. Implications for implementation and housing first fidelity criteria are also discussed
Canada Learning Initiative in China (CLIC): A Consortium Approach to Increasing Students’ Participation in Education Abroad to China
No full textEducation abroad experiences have been found to be beneficial to students’ personal growth, intercultural awareness, and career preparedness. However, the rate of Canadian postsecondary students’ participation in education abroad has been low, particularly to Asia. Lack of financial resources and uncertainty in credit transfer are identified as common challenges that stop students from pursuing such opportunities. In this paper, the Canada Learning Initiative in China (CLIC), a Canadian consortium of 12 top Canadian research-intensive universities, is introduced as a model to increase students’ participation in study abroad in China. After an introduction to the design of the program in response to students’ expressed challenges, a thematic analysis is conducted on students’ self-reported learning experiences to glean the impact of such an initiative on students. This study shows that consortia can be utilized as an effective approach to increasing the scope and quality of students’ participation in education abroad. 
Chaotic dynamics of the fractional order Schnakenberg model and its control
No full textThe Schnakenberg model is thought to be the Caputo fractional derivative. In order to create caputo fractional differential equations for the Schnakenberg model, a discretization process is first used. The fixed points in the model are categorized topologically. Then, we show analytically that, under certain parametric conditions, a Neimark-Sacker (NS) bifurcation and a Flip-bifurcation are supported by a fractional order Schnakenberg model. Using central manifold and bifurcation theory, we demonstrate the presence and direction of NS and Flip bifurcations. The parameter values and the initial conditions have been found to have a profound impact on the dynamical behavior of the fractional order Schnakenberg model. Numerical simulations are shown to demonstrate chaotic behaviors like bifurcations, phase portraits, period 2, 4, 7, 8, 10, 16, 20 and 40 orbits, invariant closed cycles, and attractive chaotic sets in addition to validating analytical conclusions. In order to support the system’s chaotic characteristics, we also compute the maximal Lyapunov exponents and fractal dimensions quantitatively. Finally, the chaotic trajectory of the system is stopped using the OGY approach, hybrid control method, and state feedback method
Les enjeux de l’adaptation dans les films tirés des romans d’Irène Némirovsky
No full textAn analysis of the films adapted from the novels of Irène Némirovsky, using Francis Vanoye's approach, may illuminate the confrontation of these two mediums, that of cinema and that of literature, in adaptation. David Golder (1929), followed by Le bal (1930), brought great success to Némirovsky and these two novels were brilliantly adapted to the screen during the transition to "talking cinema" in 1931. If Julien Duvivier (David Golder, 1931) and Wilhelm Thiele (Le bal,1931) were motivated by the search for stories evoking modernity, the adaptation of the posthumous novel Suite française, directed by Saul Dibb in 2014, is also driven by the desire to pay homage to Némirovsky. How do these three directors, representing different moments in the history of cinema, illustrate the issues of adaptation addressed by Vanoye? This essay examines what motivates and limits these films with particular attention focused on the usage of music, while observing how adaptation, through the process of migration from one medium to another, leads to the appropriation of the original work.Une analyse des films adaptés des romans d’Irène Némirovsky, à la lumière des réflexions de Francis Vanoye, permet de mieux comprendre l’affrontement de ces deux mondes, celui du cinéma et celui de la littérature, en adaptation. La sortie de David Golder (1929), suivi du Bal (1930), a apporté un grand succès à Némirovsky et ces deux romans furent brillamment adaptés dès les débuts du cinéma parlant en 1931. Si Julien Duvivier (David Golder, 1931) et Wilhelm Thiele (Le bal, 1931) ont été motivés par la recherche d’histoires évoquant la modernité, l’adaptation du roman posthume Suite française, réalisée par Saul Dibb en 2014, est également poussée par le désir de rendre hommage à l’auteure du texte. Comment ces trois réalisateurs, représentant des moments différents de l’histoire du cinéma, illustrent-ils les enjeux de l’adaptation abordés par Vanoye ? Ce travail se penche sur ce qui motive et limite ces films à travers l’attention particulière portée à la musique, tout en observant comment l’adaptation, par le processus de migration d’un médium à un autre, entraîne l’appropriation de l’œuvre originale
Localisation culturelle et scénographique de Naruto shippūden en ewondo et en medumba pour un public jeune au Cameroun
No full textNaruto shippūden is a Japanese animated television series created by Masashi Kishimoto. It is the third best-selling manga in the world. The retro-futurist aspect does not spare its anchoring in the northern civilization and traditional East Asian culture. Although it is localized in several languages, this manga has no translation into a Cameroonian language. This article aims to examine the potential pitfalls that the translator may encounter in the process of localizing into Ewondo and Medumba languages. The skopos theory has been used as the theoretical framework while a sociological approach was used in practice with a sample of 30 TV viewers and speakers of Medumba and Ewondo languages. The article uses focus groups and observation of a watching session as a methodological supplement to the study. As a result, the localization of Naruto in Cameroonian languages will pose problems of mythological equivalencies, scenography and stylistic rendering.Naruto shippūden est une série télévisée d’animation japonaise créée par Masashi Kishimoto. C’est le troisième manga le plus vendu dans le monde. L’aspect rétrofuturiste n’épargne pas son ancrage dans la civilisation septentrionale et on y retrouve des éléments traditionnels est-asiatiques. Bien qu’il soit localisé en plusieurs langues, ce manga n’est traduit dans aucune langue nationale du Cameroun. Cet article se propose d’examiner les écueils que pourrait rencontrer le traducteur dans l’exercice de localisation en ewondo et en medumba. Pour ce faire, l’approche fonctionnaliste du skopos est exploitée pour rendre compte de la réception ainsi que des obstacles culturels, linguistiques et technologiques. Sur le plan pratique, une méthode sociologique a été mise en œuvre sur la base d’un échantillon de 30 téléspectateurs et locuteurs medumba et ewondo. L’article adopte une démarche de focus de groupe et l’observation d’une séance de visionnage. Il ressort de cette analyse que la localisation de Naruto en langues medumba et ewondo va poser des problèmes d’équivalences mythologiques, de scénographie et de restitution stylistique
Coping with the challenges of head porterage in Ghana: The case of female head porters (kayayei) in Kumasi
No full textFemale head porterage, otherwise known as kayayei, is the most common trade plied at by young and adult female migrants from Northern Ghana to cities and towns in Southern Ghana. This phenomenon has attracted the attention of researchers, corporate organizations, and governments interested in the motivational factors for the frequent north-south movement of females seeking head porterage positions, the health challenges they face, micro-economic developmental gains, as well as public perception of the trade and its consequent effect on access to provisions by policy and legal frameworks in Ghana. Less known within the relevant literature, however, are the coping mechanisms and supporting strategies employed by female head porters to overcome the challenging situations they experience during work hours and/or after work. This paper seeks to fill this gap and contribute to the literature by using manual thematic analysis in semi-structured interviews with 15 kayayei employed in and around the Central Market within Adum, the central business district of Kumasi, which is a regional capital city within Ghana. In addition to this, the study further explored some of the challenges kayayei face with their clients, their interactions with non-clientele in the market social environment, and difficulties encountered after work. Interviews revealed that, apart from health problems, such as skin diseases, malaria, colds, and bodily pains, other challenges kayayei face include a heavy workload, cheating by their clients, verbal abuse from customers and passersby, high cost of accommodation and overcrowding, and difficulties in accessing water. The coping mechanisms and support strategies used by the kayayei to circumvent these challenges are categorized into personal and social. Proper negotiating skills, self-medication, and social support (friends, relatives and NGOs) appeared as the main coping and supporting mechanisms. This paper concludes with some recommendations to reduce head porterage and the associated challenges in Ghana
The Bot Toolbox: An Accidental Case Study on How to Eliminate Bots from Your Online Survey
No full textIn the midst of our online survey research, bots infiltrated our study. Within the span of a few hours, they arrived by the hundreds and would continue to thwart our best attempts to separate them from our human respondents over the next 18 days. Although the bots provided a challenge, the experience was not as dystopian as it may sound; it provided an interesting learning opportunity. Bots are an ever-growing concern for researchers collecting data online and understanding how to deal with these bots is increasingly vital as the world of online or web-based research continues to grow (Bybee et al., 2021). This article details our experience with survey bots, our attempts to prevent further attacks (Bot-prevention), our data cleaning methodology (Bot-elimination), and finally, what we as researchers may do differently in future studies. Despite numerous methods to foil bots, each with varying costs and expertise necessary to implement, this paper only provides an overview of the techniques we actively used and describes how those methods worked in our unique case. We conclude with a bot “toolbox”, providing a guide for future researchers to utilize in the case of a bot attack.