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Quand le monde s’est mis en pause pour la COVID-19, nous avons finalement repris notre souffle : les emplois du temps des étudiants et des étudiantes, le stress et la période chargée du semestre
No full textLife as a postsecondary student can be extremely busy especially as many students combine academic studies with volunteering, employment, and personal commitments. Students become even busier at the middle of the semester with midterms and assignments due at the same time, which can lead to stress. This busy time typically continues into the end of term. Our qualitative study with nine university students captured what happened when the busy time of the semester coincided with the start of the COVID-19 pandemic. The stress students felt during this busy time in the semester was paused while the university adjusted to online learning. Although the pandemic was stressful for many, the pause it created for students was appreciated as they were unsure how to manage all their commitments – both academic and non-academic. These findings suggest that the structure of university schedules and academic timetables may have harmful effects on student well-being.La vie en tant qu’étudiant ou étudiante post-secondaire peut être extrêmement occupée alors que les étudiants et les étudiantes combinent leurs études universitaires avec le bénévolat, un emploi et les engagements personnels. Les étudiants et les étudiantes sont encore plus occupés au milieu du semestre avec leurs examens de mi-session et les dates de remise de travaux qui tombent en même temps, ce qui peut engendrer du stress. Cette période de forte activité peut continuer jusqu’à la fin de la session. Notre étude qualitative auprès de neuf étudiants et étudiantes universitaires a permis de saisir ce qui s’est passé quand la période chargée du semestre a coïncidé avec la pandémie de la COVID-19. Le stress ressenti par les étudiants et les étudiantes durant cette période chargée du semestre a été mis en pause alors que les universités se sont ajustées pour l’enseignement en ligne. Bien que la pandémie ait été une période stressante pour de nombreuses personnes, la pause qu’elle a créée pour les étudiants et les étudiantes a été appréciée à un moment où ceux-ci ne savaient pas comment gérer toutes leurs obligations – universitaires et non universitaires. Ces résultats suggèrent que la structure de l’emploi du temps des universités pourrait avoir des effets néfastes sur le bien-être des étudiants et des étudiantes
Solution of fractional modified Kawahara equation: a semi-analytic approach
No full textThe present study examines a semi-analytical method known as the Fractional Residual Power Series Method for obtaining solutions to the non-linear, time-fractional Kawahara and modified Kawahara equations. These equations are fifth-order, non-linear partial differential equations that arise in the context of shallow water waves. The analytical process and findings are compared with those obtained from the well-known Variational Iteration Method (VIM) and Homotopy Perturbation Method (HPM). The results obtained from the Fractional Residual Power Series Method are found to be more efficient, reliable, and easier to implement compared to other analytical and semi-analytical methods
Discourses on Global North and Global South Partnerships in Internationalization Strategies
No full textThis paper explores how international partnerships are conceptualized between core Anglophone, European and African universities. Internationalization strategies are examined from a decolonial lens to situate the findings within a global context that is entangled in the consequences of colonialism and ongoing coloniality that continue to perpetuate global inequities, including devaluing of indigenous and local knowledge. Findings suggest that institutions in the Global North still view Africa, and the Global South in general, from a deficit lens and in need of aid, knowledge and direction. Strategies from the Global North use terms like mentoring, development and poverty reduction when describing their partnerships in the Global South. In contrast, institutions from Africa highlight their desire to be knowledge producers and contribute to research excellence on a global level. Furthermore, institutions in all regions frame strategic international partnerships as those that will boost their reputation or image as they engage in a race for status and global rankings; however, strategies do not describe how they will approach such partnerships in a very uneven global playing field between the Global North and Global South. Finally, the Global South continues to be viewed as a source of international students and as such, partnerships pursued in Africa and the Global South by core-Anglo and European institutions focus on recruitment of students as one of the rationales or benefits of partnerships. Given these findings, international strategies for Global North-South partnerships continue to reproduce colonial hierarchies of privilege, preventing more equitable approaches to partnerships.
The Truth About Deer, Turtles, and Dogs: An Examination of the Ancient Maya Human-Faunal Interaction
No full textThis paper examines how Mayan individuals, families, and communities living in Mesoamerica from approximately 1200 B.C. to A.D. 1550 interacted with deer, turtles, and dogs. Data collated from archaeological, ethnohistoric, ethnographic, and written/artistic records is reviewed, and summarizes the symbolic, ritual, and ceremonial significance of these animals in the Preclassic to Postclassic Maya world.
Deer, turtles, and dogs played important roles in the subsistence economy of Mayan individuals and family groups. Chi-square statistical analyses of the Number of Identified Specimens (NISP) and Minimum Number of Individuals (MNI) of deer, turtles, and dogs recovered from 10 Mayan archaeological sites (6 inland and 4 coastal) indicates that the availability of these animals differed at inland versus coastal locations and over time. These differences can be attributed to a combination of factors including, but not limited to, local ecosystems, changes in humidity, precipitation, and sunlight conditions, and variations in human exploitation patterns over time
Diffusion-driven instability and pattern formation in a prey-predator model with fear and Allee effect
No full textThis paper analyses a predator-prey model with Holling type II response function incorporating Allee and fear effect in the prey. The model includes intra species competition among predators. We find out the local dynamics as well as Hopf bifurcation by considering level of fear as bifurcation parameter. The condition for diffusion-driven instability and patterns are then demonstrated in relation to the system's ecological parameters and diffusion coefficients. Intra-specific competition affects the dynamics of the system and Turing pattern formation. Moreover, output of results is verified through numerical simulation. Thus, from a dynamical standpoint, the considered model seems to be relevant in the field of ecology
Front Cover
No full textCOVID-19 is the pandemic that changed the world. This cover was created to express the global reach of the virus as well as its insidious shadow under which the world continues to live. While COVID-19 brings about much change and chaos, the spaces and colours in the cover are meant to portray a comforting, much needed calm and clarity during uncertain times
Care Exploitation: Taking Advantage of One’s Caring about Another
No full textCare exploitation pervades our lives. Consider the public school teachers who care about helping children achieve their goals by providing them with a proper education and are expected to do so by parents, administrators, or legislators—even with abysmal pay and little appreciation. Perhaps the most common case of care exploitation is the expectation of a mother to make great (and disproportionate) sacrifices in her life for the well-being of her child, which mothers often meet because they bear a caring orientation toward their child. Despite their willingly assenting, there is something morally problematic about their treatment. I argue that an injustice has been perpetrated against them, drawing on interpersonal accounts of exploitation to highlight that the unique wrong of care exploitation is the failure to respect one’s dignity by taking advantage of their vulnerability of caring about. Following this, I articulate the necessary and jointly sufficient conditions of care exploitation and their relationships to one another
Steady-state dynamics in a two-patch population model with and without Allee effect
No full textMost biological populations reside in landscapes that consist of many different patches of different quality. Different species differ in their movement behavior, habitat preference and growth rates. Historically, mathematical models for population dynamics have made many simplifying assumptions, such as a single patch or homogeneous landscapes. Recent models have begun to implement landscape heterogeneity and individual movement characteristics, but many of those are based on logistic growth and linear analysis of the zero state. We consider a two-patch model with more general growth functions that can include Allee effects. We prove the existence of steady states and classify their qualitative behavior. In some special cases, we explicitly calculate their stability and use these results to give conditions for when the system exhibits bistability, i.e., the coexistence of locally stable states. We also study bifurcations with respect to the size of habitat patches and give conditions for forward and backward bifurcations
Coping With Stressors and General Resistance Resources Used by Individuals Experiencing Homelessness in Minneapolis Tent Camps
No full textHomelessness remains a significant public health issue across the United States, particularly in urban areas. Individuals become and remain homeless for multifaceted and complex reasons that are linked to well-being. The aim of this study was to understand the well-being of persons experiencing homelessness (PEH) and living in tent camps using Aaron Antonovsky’s salutogenic model of health (SMH). To address well-being, we conducted a basic qualitative study with thirty adults over age 18 who self-identified as homeless and living in tent camps within the city of Minneapolis. With a semi-structured interview guide that centered on the SMH, we analyzed data using Johnny Saldaña’s qualitative coding method. Sources of stress themes, including (1) “family trauma” (depression/trauma related to the death of a loved one and drugs, imprisonment, and abuse), (2) “mental health” (depression/trauma related to the death of a loved one, loneliness living in tent camps, substance use, mental illness), and (3) “change and threats” (constant fear of aggression, lack of stability of the tent camp, bad people causing problems, cliques in the camp). Themes of general resistance (GRRs) resources (coping with stress), or GRRs emerged, including (1) “systems knowledge,” (2) “coping strategies,” (3) “sense of community,” (4) “camp stability,” and (5) “human dignity” emerged during data collection and analysis. These findings can inform policy decisions related to increasing services to exit homelessness, funding for sustainable tent camps, and sweeps of tent camps in the city of Minneapolis and beyond
Editorial: Hit by a Pandemic in a Time of Scarcity
No full textThe pandemic hit at a time of high rates of housing exclusion globally. While there have been many discussions of "a new normal", what we have seen is increased housing costs and therefore increased exclusion. This editorial presents concern for the lack of structural changes and a call for us as a global community to do better in preventing and ending homelessness