GUMAN (Urdu Research Journal)
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Mrs Dalloway: A Critical Analysis of Traumatized Characters through Judith Herman’s Trauma and Recovery
Full text linkThis research aims to delineate Virginia Woolf’s Mrs Dalloway with the characters, Septimus Warren Smith and Clarissa Dalloway who will be explored in the light of Judith Herman’s Trauma and Recovery (1992). This research article intends to explore how the above mentioned mirror characters, each in their own capacity are battling trauma in their respective lives. Purportedly, life is rosy and delightful but both these characters in their repressed states are traversing dangerous traumatic grounds mentally. While discussing their traumatic states individually, I also intend to bring both these characters on one pedestal to in order to compare their distressed situations. I intend to explore the above contention with Herman’s statement that, “Atrocities refuse to be buried” (1). Additionally, she introduces us to trauma- induced symptoms like hyperarousal (persistent expectation of danger, startled reaction and hyper alertness); intrusion (during which the traumatic events are relived, as if they were occurring in the present); constriction (numbing, withdrawal, indifference, acute passivity or surrender)” (Robinett 2007). With a textual analysis and Herman’s Trauma and Recovery (1992) as my theoretical framework, I intend to unearth the dark underlying traumatic events that have grounded the above characters’ lives in pain and suffering
آن لائن ٹریڈنگ میں ڈراپ شپنگ کا تصور، متعلقہ مسائل اور اسلامی نقطہ نظر سے ان کا حل
No full textThis study provides a comprehensive and analytical exploration of the modern business model known as Dropshipping in the light of Islamic Principles. Dropshipping, characterized by the sale of products without ownership or physical possession, raises significant Shariah concerns, including "Bay’ ma la yamlik" (selling what one does not own), the condition of possession, and the presence of gharar (uncertainty or ambiguity).The research delves deeply into the structure and operational mechanisms of dropshipping, highlighting the key Islamic objections associated with this model. These objections stem from the lack of ownership, the absence of liability on the part of the seller and the inherent uncertainties in the process. To address these issues, the study examines Shariah-compliant alternatives such as Bay’ Salam, Wa’ad Bay’ (promise to sell), and Simsar (brokerage models). These alternatives are evaluated for their ability to reconcile modern commercial practices with Islamic legal principles, emphasizing transparency, liability, and adherence to the conditions of possession. Additionally, the study offers pragmatic solutions to address the complexities surrounding the non-compliant aspects of dropshipping. By proposing structured Islamic alternatives, the research underscores the possibility of integrating Shariah principles into contemporary business models, ensuring both compliance and practicality. It demonstrates that dropshipping, when aligned with Shariah-compliant frameworks, can serve as a viable and ethically sound business approach.
Keywords: Dropshipping, Bay' Salam, Wa'd al-Bay', Simsar, Islamic Finance, Dropshipping Shariah Analysis, Possession, Gharar
Effect of Flipped Classroom Method on Speaking Skills of ESL Learners at Graduate Level: An Experimental Investigation
Full text linkThe current research explored the impact of an instructional strategy known as the ‘flipped classroom’ on the development of speaking skills among ESL learners. Guided by the constructivist learning theory framework, the researcher employed an experimental approach to assess the impact of the flipped classroom on ESL learners’ speaking skills. The experimental group received instruction through the flipped classroom model, while the control participants in control group were given instructions through traditional lecture method lectured to in a traditional teaching method that provided minimal classroom activities. Both groups were given pre-tests and post-tests to measure the participants’ speaking abilities in the four components of fluency, coherence, pronunciation, interactive communication, and proficiency. Analysis of the quantitative data collected revealed that students in the experimental group improved in all aspects of speaking skills than the control group. The study also found the effectiveness of the flipped classroom in promoting self-directed learning, enhancing communicative language pedagogy, and facilitating a shift towards student-centered learning. These findings carry significant pedagogical implications for ESL educators, suggesting that incorporating flipped approaches into language instruction can provide richer opportunities for spoken language practice and more effective skill development.
Keywords: Flipped classroom, ESL learners, critical thinking, constructivism, learner autonomy, language pedagog
Legal Challenges Faced By New Muslims in Sindh and Its Solution
Full text linkA Large number of people convert to Islam in Sindh. Statistics reflect the increasing amount in different regions of Sindh. Faith conversions stimulate a number of issues which are sometimes very critical and sensitive. Sindh has 30 Districts and 6 Division where Interviews were conducted. The basic aim was to highlight the legal issues faced by neo-converts after they accept Islam. The research is based on qualitative and quantitative methodology. Legal Challenges exist in every society. Neo Converts after accepting Islam often face hindrances like fake FIRs hurdles, Police Harassment and Imprisonment, have to acquire Sanad e Islam, face undue constraints in acquiring CNIC, domicile making and changing names in educational documents. Marital problems and child custody also comes into play. The Government and Society should be on one page for New Muslims together to stop fake FIRs, police harassment and facilitation in important documents.
Keywords: Neo Converts, Islamic Conversion In Sindh, Legal Confrontation and its Solution, Legislation for New Muslims
A Critical Research Study of Iqbal's Vocabulary: لفظیاتِ اقبال کا تحقیدی مطالعہ
No full textThe mass of knowledge and literature written by Iqbal and Syed Abul A'la Maududi have profoundly impacted the entire world. In Iqbal’s system of thought, the cultural landscape shines through. The beauty of Iqbal’s ideas is unmatched in the meaningfulness of his Urdu and Persian poetry. This unique aspect of Iqbal's thought system transcends the critique of others. In Iqbal's ideas, exceptional verbal expressions create movement within the heart, strengthening this system. The study of cultural landscapes in Iqbal’s thought requires a sense of beauty and insight. The combination of both simple and complex words in Iqbal's philosophy creates a creative and cultural atmosphere. The use of words and meanings is a result of extensive reading, intellectual development, and imagination. This is a hidden sign of creation. Iqbal's thought reflects similar ideas. The concept of meanings and interpretations expands Iqbal's thought.
Key Words: Civilization, Culture, Fine Arts, Creative Atmosphere, Harmony, Individuality
The Role of Evaluative Tools in English Newspaper Editorials of Pakistan in Elections 2024
Full text linkEditorials often employ manipulative tactics to promote various ideas through the use of evaluative linguistic tools, which can be challenging for regular readers to identify. The situation becomes more complex when it comes to significant national matters. The current general elections of 2024 in Pakistan carry a great importance due to their recency and the number of controversies surrounding them. In order to reduce the possibilities for readers to be influenced by the editorials' interpretations and ideologies, the current study aims to explore the different evaluative tools used and their implications for opinion building in the newspaper editorials of English newspapers during the current elections 2024 in Pakistan by doing appraisal analysis under the broader umbrella of critical discourse analysis. The findings of appraisal analysis reveal significant and manipulative use of evaluative linguistic tools by the newspaper editorials to serve and propagate their respective agendas. A number of different linguistic tools for example; conditional conjuncts, copulars, Proclaimers, upscalers, negative appreciation, negative affect, declaratives, positive appreciation, graduation force, superlatives, negative judgment, positive appreciation, heteroglossia, monoglossia, downscalers, positive affective terminology, disclaimers, and graduation focus helped achieve the above-mentioned manipulations.
Keywords: Evaluative tools, Editorials, Elections2024, Appraisa
اردو نظم میں خشونت:وجودیت کے تناظر میں
No full textThis study explores the theme of (khashunat) in Urdu nazm(poetry) through the lens of existential philosophy. Beginning with a linguistic and semantic analysis of the word "khashunat"which encompasses meanings such as harshness, bitterness, anger, hatred, and crueltythe paper argues that this concept reflects not only external social and political conditions but also the internal psychological and existential crises of the individual.From an existential standpoint, human beings are thrust into a meaningless worldand must create their own purpose. This leads to anxiety, alienation, and inner turmoilcore experiences that shape poetic expression.The study examines representative poems and analyzing how each poet transforms violence into a powerful artistic and ideological statement. The paper concludes that violence in Urdu nazm is not just a socio-political motif but also a deeply personal and existential expression, shaped by historical, psychological, and cultural conditions. This duality enriches Urdu poetry with both thematic depth and aesthetic complexity
جوش ، راشد اور مجید امجد کی نظر میں انسانی مقصد ِحیات
No full textThis research article explores the concept of the purpose of life as portrayed in the poetry of three prominent modern Urdu poets: Josh Malihabadi, Noon Meem Rashid, and Majeed Amjad. Although these poets belong to the same literary period, their aesthetic expressions, ideological orientations, and stylistic approaches differ significantly. Despite these differences, the human being remains central in their poetic discourse. Each poet offers a distinct vision: Josh presents a revolutionary and passionate individual who defies fate and strives for freedom and collective empowerment; Rashid’s poetic self is introspective, spiritually inquisitive, and engaged in an endless quest for self-realization and intellectual liberation; while Amjad envisions a contemplative being, deeply connected to nature, silence, and the passage of time.The article highlights how these poets, through divergent lenses, position the individual as an extraordinary entity navigating life through struggle, discovery, and reflection. For Josh, the purpose of life lies in resisting tyranny and asserting human dignity. Rashid, on the other hand, sees life as an evolving journey of internal conflict and metaphysical inquiry. In contrast, Amjad emphasizes harmony with nature and a quiet, reflective engagement with existence. This comparative study underscores that in the works of all three poets, life is not a static reality but a dynamic and conscious progression marked by intellectual and emotional depth.
Keywords: Josh Malihabadi, Noon Meem Rashid, Majeed Amjad, Purpose Of Life, Modern Urdu Poetry, Aesthetic Expressions, Spiritually Inquisitive, Resisting Tyranny , Metaphysical Inquir
An Analytical Study Of Diary Techniques In Urdu Novels
No full textEpistolary Technique Novel of the Novels written by Majnu Gorakhpori. “Sarab” is one of those novels which have been written in Epistolary style. But it is pity that this Novel has been ignored in spite of its enriched style. Majnu who is the most famous representative of Romantic Movement has propounded. Himself once that his Novel 'Sarab' is the amalgamation of innovative as well as changing thoughts of the hour. In this novel the writer seems to capture the sense of social realism and philanthropic attitude. So his novel can be regarded the first Progressive Novel in Urdu literature. This novel can be asserted that it is the best Self-created Novel as it has no derivation from other novels. It is fact that Majnu Gorakhpori's other novels are derived from the Novels of Thomas Hardy. From this article the style of Epistolary novel and the style of Majnu Gorakhpori can be Understood. This research article deals with an important technique that is Epistolary Novel and it evaluates the same technique.
Key Words: Epistolary Technique, Majnu Gorakhpori, “Sarab”, important technique , Hardy Thomas
Existentialism In Urdu Poetry : اردو شاعری میں وجودیت
No full textExistentialism is a philosophical movement that originated in the 19th century with thinkers like Søren Kierkegaard and Friedrich Nietzsche. These figures emphasized the significance of individual existence, freedom, and personal responsibility in response to the decline of religious certainty and the advent of modernity. Existentialism asserts that individuals must create meaning in their lives through their choices and actions, while negotiating the existential weight of human freedom and the burden it entails. The concept of freedom in existentialism grants individuals the ability to shape their own lives, yet this freedom also brings with itself a great deal of anxiety and uncertainty. According to existentialist thought, humans are free to choose their paths, but with this freedom comes the responsibility to face the consequences of their decisions. It is this tension between freedom and responsibility that defines the human condition. The article further discusses how existentialism addresses the challenges of human existence, including the search for identity, the confrontation with mortality, and the pursuit of authenticity. By accepting the inherent uncertainty of life and embracing personal responsibility, individuals can create meaningful and authentic lives. In conclusion, existentialism highlights the importance of self-awareness, personal choice, and the courage to confront life’s uncertainties. It encourages individuals to find purpose in their existence through their actions and decisions, ultimately leading to a more profound understanding of the human experience. Existentialism has been explored in Urdu literature across various themes and genres. This article thoroughly examines the presence and articulation of the existentialist thought in the works of prominent Urdu poets such as Allama Iqbal, Noon Meem Rashid, Meeraji, Faiz Ahmed Faiz, Ahmed Nadeem Qasmi, and several others from the Urdu literary canon.
Keywords: Existentialism, freedom, human experience, meaning, Urdu Poetry, Allama Iqbal, Noon Meem Rashid, Meeraji, Faiz Ahmed Faiz, Ahmed Nadeem Qasm