GUMAN (Urdu Research Journal)
Not a member yet
335 research outputs found
Sort by
Problems Faced by Minorities: A Research Study : اقلیتوں کو درپیش مسائل: تحقیقی مطالعہ
No full textThis research paper presents a comprehensive analysis of the various challenges faced by minorities around the world. Beginning with the literal and conceptual definitions of minorities, the author highlights their historical and social relevance in different civilizations. The study reveals that minorities have existed in every region and era, and the attitude of the majority toward them has varied—sometimes they were treated with equality and justice, while at other times they faced discrimination and exclusion. The paper categorizes the problems faced by minorities into several key areas: social, religious, linguistic, educational, economic, and political. Among the most pressing issues are identity crises, lack of religious freedom, limited access to education, unequal employment opportunities, and minimal political representation. Real-world examples from countries such as Pakistan, India, China, the United States, European nations, and the Arab world provide context and depth to the discussion. The research concludes that the true measure of a nation's civilization and democratic integrity lies in how it treats its minorities. Ensuring the protection of minority rights is not only a moral and legal responsibility but also essential for global harmony, justice, and sustainable development.
Keywords: Minorities, Discrimination, Identity Crisis, Religious Freedom, Social Justice ,Political Representation ,Educational Access, Economic Inequality, Human Right
Naguib Mahfouz's Novel Writing : The Struggle for Social Justice
No full text
Naguib Mahfouz holds a pivotal position not only in Arabic literature but also in global novel writing, with his works profoundly exploring the theme of social justice. Central to Mahfouz’s narratives is a critique of Egypt's class system, poverty, and exploitation, reflecting broader questions related to human rights, equality, and moral responsibilities. Through his characters and their stories, Mahfouz engages in a literary battle against social injustice, awakening social consciousness not just within the Arab world, but on a global scale. This abstract delves into various aspects of social justice as portrayed in his works, highlighting Mahfouz’s significant influence on both Egyptian and world literature. Mahfouz’s exploration of social justice illustrates that literature is not merely a means of entertainment but can serve as a powerful instrument for social change. His novels have sparked public discourse on issues such as poverty, women's rights, and political reforms, challenging readers to confront the realities of their societies. Mahfouz asserts that the purpose of literature is to reconnect individuals with their human dignity, emphasizing that justice transcends legal definitions and embodies a moral obligation. This research paper concludes that in Mahfouz's novels, the theme of social justice is not just a narrative device; it represents a struggle for human existence itself. His literary creations compel readers to reconsider the essence of justice as an ethical duty, challenging societal norms and inspiring a collective awakening towards a more just world. Ultimately, Mahfouz's legacy is a testament to the profound connection between literature and social responsibility, positioning his works as essential contributions to both Arabic and global literary landscapes
Key Words: Naguib Mahfouz, Social Justice, Literature, Human Rights, Moral Obligation, Social Change Nove
Symbolism and Expression: A Study of Creative Meaning Between Disclosure and Concealment: علامتیت اور اظہاریہ: افشا و اخفا کے مابین تخلیقی معنویت کا مطالعہ
No full textThis research paper investigates the complex relationship between symbolism and expression within the framework of literary discourse. It explores how symbolic language functions as a medium for expressing hidden, layered, and often ambiguous meanings, situated between the polarities of disclosure and concealment. Drawing from literary theory, psychoanalysis, and aesthetics, the study examines how the symbolic form transforms raw emotion, internal conflict, and subconscious content into communicable artistic expressions. The discussion also engages with the role of symbols in transcending literal representation to evoke deeper, more nuanced interpretations, thus bridging the gap between the creator and the reader. Through critical insights from thinkers such as Freud, Jung, and modern literary critics, the paper highlights the symbolic process as a psychological and cultural necessity in human expression. In doing so, it positions symbolism not as an ornamental device, but as a primary architecture of meaning-making in art and literature.
Key Words: Symbolism, Expression, Disclosure, Concealment, Creative Meaning, Literary Semiotic
Feminism in Boots: Redefining Outdoor Femininity in Dora and the Search for Sol Dorado
Full text linkThis research study critically examines the movie Dora and the Search for Sol Dorado (2025) directed by Alberto Belli through the lens of feminist theory with a strong focus on outdoor femininity. It is basically qualitative research. Scenes in the movie have been identified and analyzed from feminist point of view. This movie is centered on a young female protagonist named Dora who sets out an adventure in Amazonian jungle with her friends in searching for “sol dorado” (a magical star that can grant one self-less wish). She takes the lead role while also acts as an explorer and protector. Her motives were self-less and innocent. She was physically covered in boots, shorts and top-layered shirt. She has not been shown sexually. Her character in the film reframes the idea of boldness, fearlessness and strength which is typically associated with men. In children’s media, it has been depicted that women can be both fearless and sensitive, adventurous and tamed, rational and naïve. It redefines new ways of showing women in space and outdoors. Feminism cannot be defined just as a traditional norm but to show manly qualities in women too with their own individualities and circle.
Keywords: feminism, Dora, Outdoor femininity, protector, traditional norm
An Analytical Study of the Poems of Punjabi Poets in National and International Objectives: قومی و ملی مقاصد میں پنجابی شعراء کے اشعار کا تجزیاتی مطالعہ
No full textIn the poems that Punjabi poets have written to fulfill national and national goals, the poets have given many advices on national services to the society, reflection of the society, sincerity, harmony and bravery. Ustad Daman has exposed the true face of humanity and has advised the greatness of knowledge, courage and courage, and national service. Sufi Ghulam Mustafa Tabassum emphasizes national service so that the society can remain on the basis of harmony and unity. Haji Muhammad Nowsha, criticizing the negative trend, defines the identity of nations as a good society. Fariduddin Masood Ganj Shakar considers it necessary to have a few things to maintain nationality in a society, which include concealment, sympathy, awareness of the Day of Judgment and avoiding negligence. Abdul Aziz Sabri has made great efforts to fulfill national and national goals for the betterment of the society. Sufi Ghulam Mustafa Tabassum has emphasized preparation for the hereafter.
Keywords: Harmony, Awareness, Courage, Knowledge, Accountability
Feminine Consciousness in the Short Stories of Fahmida Riaz : فہمیدہ ریاض کے افسانوں میں تانیثی شعور
No full textFahmida Riaz, a renowned figure in Urdu literature, is celebrated for her fearless and progressive feminist stance, which powerfully resonates in both her poetry and fiction. Her only short story collection, Khatt-e-Marmooz 2002, comprises ten stories that reflect her rejection of conventional themes in favor of bold, socially conscious narratives. Through intellectually and emotionally autonomous female characters, Riaz challenges patriarchal norms, critiques systemic gender oppression, and explores complex issues such as identity, sexuality, and freedom. Influenced by the Progressive Writers’ Movement and inspired by literary icons like Saadat Hasan Manto and Krishan Chander, Riaz employs symbolic imagery and charged dialogues to fuse the personal with the political. Khatt-e-Marmooz serves as a significant feminist intervention in South Asian literature, highlighting Riaz’s enduring impact on contemporary gender discourse through fiction.
Keywords: Urdu literature, feminist, short stories, Khatt-e-Marmoo
Identification of Manto, in the context of “Urdu Adab” Magazine منٹو کا ادبی تشخص ( رسالہ "اردو ادب "کے تناظر میں)
No full textIn the wake of the independence of Pakistsn, the biggest literary movment that was gaining influence in the new geographical boundaries was the progressive movement; either it was being written in favor of it or against it. Every writer, whose literary and creative endeavors were free from fetters, were somehow linked to literary group politics. Such confilicting informations about manot’s literary identity also exposes his readers to difficulties in social understanding of his work. In this article this is established that to solve this problem, the magazine, urdu adab compiled by Saadat Hassan Manto and Hassan Askari is very important.
Key words: modren literary movement, progressive movement, literary groups, Manto, Hassan Askari, Ahmad Nadeem Qasmi, Urdu Adab, literary journalis
“Themes in HajiraMasroor ShortStories: A Comprehensive Review” : ہاجرہ مسرور کے افسانوں کے موضوعات :اجمالی جائزہ
Full text linkThis article explores the major themes present in the short stories of renowned Pakistani writer HajiraMasroor. Through a critical analysis of her works, the article identifies key motifs such as the struggle for identity, social inequality, feminism and the human condition. The author’s unique narrative style and her ability to weave together complex social issues are also examined. The article sheds light on Masroor’s contribution to Urdu literature and her impact on contemporary Pakistani writing. Hajra Masroor is counted among the progressive writers. In her early two collections of short stories, sex remained her most prominent theme. However, alongside this, issues such as the struggles of women's lives, the economic conditions of the lower class, problems of external life, domestic hardships, marital relationships, the psychological and inner states of women, the sexual needs of men and women, Hindu-Muslim animosity, riots, political matters and issues, the exploitative attitudes of the capitalist system, and economic disparities also came within the scope of Hajra Masroor's writings.From the very beginning of her career in short story writing, life and its realities have been Hajra Masroor's central themes. She showed very little inclination toward romanticism as a subject. However, here and there, glimpses of romance can still be seen in her stories. In some of her short stories, there are tales of unfulfilled love, refined emotions, the yearning of love, and a vivid portrayal of hearts burning in the flames of passion.
Key words:Temporary/earthly relationships, Identity of women, Exploitative behavior, Mental backwardness, Superstition, Physical demands, Sexual frustration, Violation of social values.  
Gopi chand Narang's popular and well-known critical terms : گوپی چند نارنگ کی مستعمل اور معروف تنقیدی اصطلاحات
No full textGopi Chand Narang was a distinguished linguist, literary theorist, and scholar of Urdu literature whose work significantly bridged classical traditions with contemporary thought. He played a crucial role in introducing modern literary trends to Urdu criticism, while skillfully integrating Western theoretical frameworks with indigenous perspectives. Beyond his contributions as a translator, Narang was an insightful critic who posed thought-provoking questions and initiated new discourses in literary criticism. His efforts helped develop a coherent and globally informed critical tradition in Urdu, incorporating interdisciplinary elements from political theory and cultural studies. By employing concepts such as intertextuality and decentering, he provided innovative tools for interpreting canonical texts of Urdu literature. Narang’s scholarship reflects a dynamic engagement with both global and local contexts, making him a pivotal figure in the evolution of modern Urdu criticism.
Keywords: Urdu Criticism, Gopi Chand Narang, Intertextuality, Decentering, Indigenous Perspectives, Modern Literary Trends
ادبی تحقیق کا تحقیقی و تنقیدی جائزہ اور عصری تقاضے
No full textThe main purpose of literary research is to follow a certain procedure to find an answer to a problem of language and literature, or to retrieve facts. Literary research is adopted to solve a puzzle. Sometimes it is also aimed at gaining awareness of the origin of a prevailing ideology, or a generally accepted tradition or popular notion. Literary research takes both literature and writers as its subject and the research concerns the discovery of facts related to them with soundness and authenticity