GUMAN (Urdu Research Journal)
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Metaphor and Symbolism in Naat’s of Dilwar Ali Azar دلاور علی آزر کی نعت میں استعارے اور علامت
No full textLinguistics is an ever-growing subject. As much attention is required on linguistics in Urdu, the same amount of shortage is being faced. As many experts have written in Urdu linguistics till today, the feeling of thirst remains constant even after reading their books. The main reason for this is that the subject of linguistics is also borrowed from English like other subjects. Due to which the Urdu speaking class has to face difficulties. we cannot be master in linguistics until we make sincere effort. A linguist has to consider the themes of formation, destiny, origin and evolution of language. As many theories of linguists have come to forefront about the structure and origin of language, each presents a new angle on the origin of language. After reading these different views, where the level of knowledge is expanding, the common readers also seem astonished as well. The need is that one center should be considered as the original and the future journey should be planned so that it may be easy and convenient for the beginners. In this article, a small attempt has been made to provide the reader with an introduction to the origin and evolution of linguistics and various branches of linguistics.
Keywords: Linguistics, Literature, Phonetics, Syntax, Urdu.
 
Linguistics: Introductory Discussions لسانیات:تمہیدی مباحث
No full textLinguistics is an ever-growing subject. As much attention is required on linguistics in Urdu, the same amount of shortage is being faced. As many experts have written in Urdu linguistics till today, the feeling of thirst remains constant even after reading their books. The main reason for this is that the subject of linguistics is also borrowed from English like other subjects. Due to which the Urdu speaking class has to face difficulties. we cannot be master in linguistics until we make sincere effort. A linguist has to consider the themes of formation, destiny, origin and evolution of language. As many theories of linguists have come to forefront about the structure and origin of language, each presents a new angle on the origin of language. After reading these different views, where the level of knowledge is expanding, the common readers also seem astonished as well. The need is that one center should be considered as the original and the future journey should be planned so that it may be easy and convenient for the beginners. In this article, a small attempt has been made to provide the reader with an introduction to the origin and evolution of linguistics and various branches of linguistics.
Keywords: Linguistics, Literature, Phonetics, Syntax, Urdu.
 
Hegelio-Aristotelian Nexus in Dr. Faustus and Tughlaq
No full textThe study is based on the two famous tragic heroes who are chronologically and culturally poles apart but share certain similarities and differences in their flaws and downfall. The current study keenly analyzes the tragic flaws of Dr. Faustus and Tughlaq which lead them to their downfall. The tragic flaws and the catastrophic end of both these characters have been examined in the light of the Aristotelian theory of the tragic hero and the Hegelian views regarding the ideal tragic hero. The current research brings forth two gigantic tragic heroes face to face in a comparative study to evaluate their literary stature and to examine the difference in approaches of their respective authors.
Keywords: Tragic Flaw, Dr. Faustus, Tughlaq, Aristotle, Tragic Hero, Hege
The Effect of Anxiety Upon the English Language Learning Classroom Environment
No full textAnxiety of second language learners has became a great concern for researchers .It has a great influence upon the learning .The studies conducted in this domain have proved that language anxiety is existed there. The present research threw light upon the sources of language anxiety .The study used the qualitative method of questionnaire and interview from ten experts of language .The findings came to prove that those student were highly anxious .The study ended with demonstrating a number of proposition that might be helpful to reduce their anxiety level .It improved the classroom environment of language learning.
Key Words:Language Learning. Language Anxiety. .Classroom Environment
Analytical review of Abridgement of Mohsin Khalid Mohsin's book "Aab-e-Ravaa;n" محسن خالد محسنؔ کی اختصار نویسی(نثر پارے) پر مبنی تصنیف” آبِ رواں“ کا تجزئیاتی جائزہ
No full textThe tradition of abridgement in Urdu literature is very old. Although little work has been done on it, as a genre, it has a prominent position as a sub-genre in the main genres of Urdu prose. Wasif Ali Wasif has the main role in promoting the tradition of abridgement. This paper is based on an analytical study of Mohsin Khalid Mohsin's abridgement which aims to briefly analyse his writings while keeping the personality of Mohsin Khalid Mohsin in the background. This essay is an attempt to bring forward scholarly criticism of the diverse narratives of Pakistani society.
Keywords: Abridgement prose genres, Wasif Ali Wasif, Pakistani society, Pakistani politics, moral values, Islamic thought, international oppression, globalization, dictatorial rule, 21st century.
 
The Causes of non-Sharia Marriage Rituals and Counteraction in the Light of Quran and Hadith اسبابِ غیر شرعی رسوماتِ شادی اورقرآن وحدیث کی روشنی میں سد باب
No full textIslam is a comprehensive way of living. And marriage is a base of human life. Islam give a lot of importance to marriage. Marriage has many customs and traditions according to different civilization and places. Some practices of marriage are not realized well in Islam. Every Muslim marriage has a few fundamental elements. Marriages must be announced in public. They should never be conducted in secret. In order to get notoriety, a big feast, or walimah, is typically thrown with the express intent of declaring to the world that the couple is now married and has rights to one another. The Muslims of sub-continent have been living with Hindus for many years so many practices of marriage included in Muslims customs of marriage but forbidden in Islam. Some like as Conducting dance and dance ceremonies at weddings where men and women gather together, drinking alcohol, Wasteful work, The ritual of “Mayeon bithana” where the bride is separated before marriage, Fireworks, Vari means advertising the bride's dowry, Extortion in which money is taken from guests. It is completely wrong; however, guests can give gifts as they wish and the ritual of dowry etc. All of these ritual and traditions and customs of marriage are forbidden in Islam. Islam don’t like any ritual things that is against nature. Because all constitutions of Islam according to nature. Marriage is a natural human requirement so its customs also should according to human beings. And Islam is according to natural principles.
Key Words: Marriage, Walimah, Traditions, customs, dowry, Ritual, Islamic Lif
Health Care Seeking Behavior: Factors for The Utilization of Indigenous Medical Treatment in District Sheikhupura
Full text linkThe current study was conducted in the area of medical sociology. This study's primary goal was to determine the prevalence of different health attitudes and how those beliefs affected the usage of healthcare services. The role of family on its members to choose Indigenous medical treatment and the effect of Socio-economic status in the utilization of Indigenous medical treatment are the research questions formulated for the present research. The study was conducted within the framework of Talcott Parsons theory of Doctor Patient Relationship. The sample of the present study consisted of 10 married and 10 unmarried female respondents of Mohallah Dar Ul Islam in Farooqabad and 10 married and 10 unmarried female respondents from Mohallah Siddique Haidery in Farooqabad district Sheikhupura which is a rural area. The sample of these 40 respondents was drawn through convenient sampling procedure. The interview was conducted for data collection. Interviews with survey participants yielded personal data and information about their responses to health and medical services. The ensuing data was then examined to ascertain the variables influencing medical services and health-related behaviors in the research regions. Variables such, Gender, Education, Income and Family backgrounds took into consideration in the present research. Thematic analysis showed mix responses. Indigenous medical ideas and their utilization have been supported by a number of factors, including the negative impacts of allopathic medicine, the beliefs of one's forefathers, low socioeconomic level, social distance from modern medical professionals, and a strong link with indigenous caregivers. The term used for Indigenous care provider was as traditional healer and indigenous practitioner whereas, for the modern care provider, the terms as medical doctors, medical professional and surgeon were used. It was concluded that rural people strongly depend on indigenous medical treatment due to their concrete beliefs, lack of education, lack of allocation of modern medical resources in their area, poor socio-economic status and the fulfillment of expectations to high regard from indigenous treatment that resultantly leads to low utilization of modern medical treatment.
Key Words: Healthcare services, Behaviour, Sheikhupura, Patients, Medical Sociology, Medical Treatment, Attitude, Therapy,
 
Empirical Observations and Interpersonal Engagements Ethnography
Full text linkThe geographical discipline is failing to capitalize on certain promising opportunities due to its ongoing neglect of ethnography. The discipline is profoundly harmed by the marginalization of ethnography, which offers unique insights into the motivations and processes that sustain social institutions. This neglect causes significant harm to the field. Landscapes are profoundly impacted and altered by the meanings and processes associated with the formation and transformation of specific localities, which differ from location to location. These processes and meanings significantly influence the formation and transformation of landscapes. As a result, ethnography provides a wealth of insights for geography researchers. There are three prevalent criticisms leveled against ethnography: its reliance on scientific principles, its inability to make generalizations, and its disregard for its own representational methods. These factors might potentially contribute to the elucidation of the frequent animosity observed towards ethnography within the academic sphere. It is essential to bear in mind, nevertheless, that incisive replies to these objections merely underscore the relevance of ethnography to the field of spatial studies.
Keyword: ethnography, meaning, place, process
Examining The Gendered Aspects of Paternity Leave in Post-Conflict Situations: a Tribute to Deceased Males Country: Pakistan
Full text linkWar has a significant impact on both the development and negotiation of gender identities. Yet, it is still uncertain to what extent peace contributes to the preservation or restoration of the gender hierarchy in post-conflict environments. This study aims to develop a thorough understanding of the gender-related difficulties linked to the postwar commemoration of the "Troubles" in Northern Ireland. It achieves this by analyzing ethnographic fieldwork carried out from 2003 to 2006 and reviewing current literature on significant landscapes. Since the cessation of paramilitary activity in 1994, it is noteworthy that the landscapes that have been created (and, consequently, the current state of affairs) give priority to interpretations of historical events. Despite its inclusion in the 1998 Belfast Agreement, which aimed to resolve over three decades of ethno-nationalist conflict, achieving gender parity remains an elusive goal. The primary cause for this phenomenon is the persistent historical misconception that strengthens specific gender standards while seeming to serve the "national project. "The stories of women have been suppressed and fragmented as a result of the conflicting historical narratives projected onto the physical world by masculine ideologies linked with Irish nationalism/republicanism and British unionism/loyalism. This has resulted in a heightened dissemination and opacity of women's history. It is crucial to assess the possible contributions that women can make in shaping the future, given the current circumstances.
Keywords: Northern Ireland; women; conflict; remembering; nationalis
An analysis of the impact of advertising on consumer behavior in rural areas is conducted through a case study in Pakistan.
No full textThis study examined the impact of advertisements and different facets of rural lifestyle on customers' purchase choices. The study employed questionnaires as surveys to collect information from persons living in rural areas. Regression analysis and correlation analysis were used as fundamental statistical approaches to assess the collected data. The study's findings indicate a substantial inverse relationship between the attributes of rural areas and the purchasing behaviors of their residents. In contrast, research suggests that advertising has a positive and statistically significant impact on customers' purchase decisions. While there is a positive association between advertising and consumer purchasing behavior, this relationship turns negative when rural-specific characteristics, which are not present in metropolitan areas, are taken into account.
Keywords: advertising, buying habits, people in rural place