GUMAN (Urdu Research Journal)
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Addressing The Issue of Brain Drain in Developing Countries: How Can the Outflow of Skilled Individuals Be Transformed into A Beneficial Acquisition Of Knowledge?
Full text linkThe term "brain drain" refers to the worldwide dispersion of medical professionals who seek improved living and working conditions, higher standards of living, enhanced employment opportunities, access to advanced technologies, and more politically stable environments.The problem is becoming increasingly prevalent due to the global consequences of health professionals migrating abroad in search of better opportunities, both inside their own country and internationally, and the effect that this migration has on the healthcare systems of poorer nations.What are the motivations behind individuals with exceptional talents choosing to emigrate from their own country and go to another? What specific effects do these migrations have on the education sector?What measures can be employed to promote migration from less developed countries to more developed countries? The objective of this article is to tackle obstacles, raise awareness about important matters, and offer remedies to promote the involvement of immigrant health professionals in utilizing their knowledge, abilities, and innovative capabilities to contribute to the economic advancement of their respective nations
Islamic and Western Ideology of Democracy: A Comparative and Analytical Study: اسلامی اور مغربی نظریہ جمہوریت: ایک تقابلی و تجزیاتی مطالعہ
No full textIn this paper, the theoretical foundations and practical manifestations of democracy are to be explored in the context of Islamic and Western thought. The purpose of this study is to compare and contrast the conceptions of democracy in these two distinct cultural and philosophical traditions. This paper sheds light on Islamic political thought, explaining the principles of governance as defined in the Qur'an, Sunnah and Islamic jurisprudence. It explores the concepts of shura (consultation), ijma (consensus) and musleh (public interest) as fundamental elements of Islamic governance, highlighting their compatibility with democratic principles. The study examines the practical implementation of democracy in both Islamic and Western contexts, examining case studies from countries with Muslim-majority populations as well as Western democracies. It examines the challenges and opportunities faced in adapting democratic ideals into functional political systems within these diverse cultural environments. Through this comparative analysis, this paper explores similarities, differences and possible points of convergence between Islamic and Western ideals of democracy. Tries to clarify. It offers insight into how cultural, historical and religious factors shape the concept and practice of democracy, ultimately contributing to a critical understanding of democratic theory and its application in diverse socio-political contexts.
Keywords: Democracy, Islamic and Western Thought, Islamic Political Thought, Religious Factors, Socio-Politica
The Pashtunistan Conundrum: Historical Analysis of Territorial Claims and Global Interests
Full text linkThe Pashtunistan issue had historical significance for Pakistan, particularly regarding its relations with Afghanistan and its internal dynamics, especially in the northwestern regions of Pakistan. The regional as well as, international forces made use of this controversy in the best possible manner for the promotion of their objectives. India, America and Soviet Union got involved in the issue to safeguard their stakes in the region. The traditional rivalry between India and Pakistan had its distinct worth and expression on the issue. Patronage and support of Pashtun Nationalist movements left the region unstable and volatile. For the US the prime importance was to keep Pakistan engaged in the Cold War from their side. To strengthen its ties with Pakistan it totally ignored the Pashtun argument. On the other hand the involvement of the USSR on the issue of Pashtunistan was also based on Cold War. The unrest of Pashtuns was used by them for the promotion of their objectives. During this struggle for power, the Pashtun communities grapple with the tangible impacts of policies shaped by distant capitals, facing violence, uncertainty, and a quest for identity. Just like geopolitics intersects with human lives, the Pashtunistan issue transcends borders, highlighting the complexities of power, identity, and the human cost of global politics.
Keywords: Pashtunistan, geopolitics, Pashtun identity, global powers, ordinary lives
A Critical Analysis of Language and Power in Political Context
Full text linkThis research piece offers a critical analysis of how language functions in capturing and exercising political power. Language, being a central feature of communication, surreptitiously intersects with power, forming a significant part of persuasion, and contributing to forming narratives, opinions, and ideology. Advocating a critical overview of the theme, this work aims to identify how political leaders and governing institutions utilize language as a tool for coordinating discussions, maintaining social hierarchies, and eradicating specific non-dominant groups from the public sphere. The paper starts with the clarification of main concept of the language manipulation in the political context, describing, how politicians employ active use of such tools as rhetoric, euphemism, and propaganda in order to mobilize the community in the support of the authority. It explores how language is used to silence the opposition, enhance repression, and uphold authoritarianism, especially in nations where censorship and propaganda are the rife, and doxing is usual practice. Moreover, the applied analysis also focuses on the function of discourse as masqueraded as power, which means it shows how language serves to create and maintain hegemonic discourses, silence other voices that can be viewed as potentially threatening, and perpetuate various forms of oppression. Thus, English categorization, as well as the exclusion of other entities, provides certain populations with a negative profile and discriminates against them, reproducing the power relations. However, the paper does not lose sight of the fact that language is also an arena of contestation and transformation, where the oppressed and the rebels fight power and injustice in discursive terms through language and instances of collective action. Thus, such forms of linguistic resistance as counter-stories, irony, and metaphor help people take their power back and challenge the oppressive power relations, thereby transforming the political landscape. Hence, this critical analysis emphasizes that pragmatics and discourse analysis are key to understanding how power ties to language, especially in politics. Language as a function of power relations can be used to oppress people and to suppress their voices; nevertheless it is not powerless when positioned within a struggle for change. To summarize the examination of the language function it is necessary to take a look at the specifics of how power is given and contested in political practices in consideration of the social function of language.
Keywords: Language, Power, Politics, Discourse Analysis, Social Function, Manipulation
Feminine Tone of Mah para Safdar's autobiography "Mera Zamana Meri Kahani" : ماہ پار صفدر کی خودنوشت "میرا زمانہ میری کہانی" کا نسائی لب و لہجہ
No full textknown famous newsreader, column writer and journalist. She joined PTV news as newscaster in 1977 and radio Pakistan news in 1980.In 1990, she joined BBC and served BBC Urdu service 25 years. In BBC she presented various programs as presenter and researcher. She also wrote columns for BBC Urdu website. The columns about her memories are liked by people. People considered her memories as their own memories. So, she thought to share all his memories with her fans and followers. She published her autobiography titled “Myra Zamana Meri Kahani” in 2022 by Jhelum Book Corner. Her autobiography has three parts. In first section she elaborated her childhood and college life with her family and society in 1960 -1970. In second section she presented her university life with the era of 1970 – 1980. In this section she also wrote her memories regarding political history in which she remained part and eye witness of those crucial incidents. In third section, she described her experiences as journalist in London with BBC Urdu Service. She was awarded appreciation certificate on her two series titled “Khatoon Mashriq Maghrib main and Baluchistan Series” appreciated in BBC Urdu Service.
Key words: Mahpara Safdar, autobiography, feminine vie
Neither East nor West: A Critical Study of Appropriation and Abrogation in Mohsin Hamin’s the Last White Man
Full text linkThis study aims to explore the themes of abrogation and appropriation within Mohsin Hamid's novel "The Last White Man" through a postcolonial lens. Comprising an introductory segment, four subsequent chapters, and a concluding section, this thesis delves into various aspects of the novel. The introduction contextualizes the work by delving into the author's biography and his literary oeuvre, alongside an examination of relevant literature and prior research pertaining to the central themes of the thesis. Additionally, the introduction serves to elucidate the postcolonial theoretical framework that will underpin the analysis throughout the thesis. Within the novel, the concept of abrogation is epitomized by Anders' nuanced experiences, wherein he grapples with the complexities of his identity as a former member of the dominant white culture in his homeland. His transition to a new environment underscores the struggle to reconcile his past with the present realities shaped by a different cultural landscape. This perpetual state of flux is underscored by the myriad memories of his previous identity juxtaposed against the challenges posed by assimilation into a new cultural milieu. Through an in-depth examination of the text, the study reveals instances of both abrogation and appropriation woven into the narrative fabric of the novel. The central characters are profoundly impacted by their respective circumstances, which in turn shape their experiences of abrogation and appropriation. The social dynamics depicted within the novel illuminate the profound influence of societal rejection and power dynamics on individuals undergoing cultural transformation. In conclusion, the study posits that "The Last White Man" effectively portrays the themes of abrogation and appropriation, highlighting the multifaceted ways in which individuals navigate the complexities of identity within postcolonial contexts. Through the lens of postcolonial theory, the novel offers poignant insights into the enduring legacy of colonialism and its profound impact on individual and collective identities
Keywords: Abrogation, appropriation, transformation, white, colored skin  
A Critical Rview of Amina Wadud's Objections Regarding Prophethood : نبوت و رسالت سے متعلق آمنہ ودود کے اعتراضات کا تنقیدی جائزہ
No full textAllah Almighty created humanity and appointed it as His vicegerent on Earth. Following this, the Prophecy was released, and at designated times, Allah's chosen prophets to send on Earth with His message. This series of Prophethood concluded with the Holy Prophet Muhammad (PBUH), after him no Prophet or Messenger will come. In Islamic thought, the topic of Prophethood have always been of utmost importance, particularly concerning whether women can be appointed to these exalted positions. In this regard, Amina Wadud, a renowned as feminist theologist, has raised several objections regarding the exclusion of women from these roles. According to her, Islamic tradition has deprived women of these positions, which she argues reflects gender-based inequality. The purpose of this article is to seek a balanced perspective based on a correct understanding of Islamic teachings and to critically examine Amina Wadud's views in an academic context. The central question of this article is whether women can be appointed to the exalted positions of Prophethood Amina Wadud's objections are analyzed in the light Quran & Sunnah.
Keywords: Amina Wadud, Feminist Theology, Prophethood, Gender equality, Islamic teachings
 
Societal and Ethical Values for mutual Coexistence in the Light of the Seerah of the Prophet (PBUH) : سیرت النبی صلی اللہ علیہ وآلہ وسلم کی روشنی میں بقائے باہمی کے لیے معاشرتی اور اخلاقی اقدار
No full textThis research article investigates the societal and ethical values necessary for coexistence as reflected in the Seerah (biography) of the Prophet Muhammad (PBUH). Islam promotes peace, justice, and tolerance, emphasizing moral principles that enhance harmony within diverse communities. The Prophet’s life exemplifies how individuals from various tribes, nations, and religions can coexist peacefully. His conduct toward others, including non-Muslims, underscores values like mutual respect, compassion, and reconciliation. This study is particularly relevant to contemporary social challenges where conflicts often emerge from cultural, religious, and ethnic differences. By examining the Prophet's (PBUH) approach, the research seeks to offer practical solutions for fostering unity and social harmony today. It draws primarily from Quranic teachings and Hadith, as well as a comparative analysis of modern social theories. Key events, including the Charter of Madinah, the Treaty of Hudaybiyyah, and the Prophet’s interactions with non-Muslims, are explored to extract lessons on peaceful coexistence. Utilizing historical and analytical methodologies focused on documented Islamic sources, the study concludes that the Prophet's Seerah offers enduring principles for harmonious living that can contribute to a more inclusive society.
Keywords: Coexistence, Societal Values, Ethical Principles, Seerah of the Prophet (PBUH), Peaceful Harmo
The Artistic and Intellectual Analysis of Zamir Masloob in Modern Urdu Poetry: جدید نظم نگاری کے باب میں ضمیر مصلوب کا فنی و فکری جائزہ
No full textUrdu poetry's second most celebrated genre, after ghazal, is nazm. This eloquent genre expresses various themes, with poets conveying their thoughts under a title, without adhering to traditional weight or rhyme.Nazm originated in Deccan and later flourished in North India. Initial poets included Khwaja Bande Nawaz Gisudaraz, Amir Khusrow, and Nazir Akbarabadi. The 1857 Indian Rebellion sparked modern nazm's growth, influenced by Western ideas and new emotional currents. Maulana Muhammad Hussein Azad and Altaf Hussain Hali introduced natural poetry through the Punjab Association movement in 1867. This article explores nazm's definition, origin, and evolution, focusing on Shahid Hussain Naqvi's poetry collection "Zamir Makhloob".Naqvi's poems convey beautiful messages in simple language, reflecting human compassion, sincerity, and love. His poetry expresses anguish over human suffering, solidarity with oppressed people, and commitment to social and political issues.Naqvi's nazms demonstrate national and religious loyalty, celebrating Pakistan's grandeur and honoring national and religious figures. His poetry connects internal emotions with external expressions, transforming everyday experiences into profound reflections. Studying Naqvi's poetry reveals his ability to embody the essence of political and social poetry. His work reflects human sensitivity and love, expressing deep sorrow for human oppression and solidarity with victims of injustice.Naqvi's poetry celebrates Pakistan's national heritage, honoring national and religious icons. His poems connect inner feelings with external expressions, providing a profound reflection of life.
Keywords: Natural Poetry, Punjab Association, Modern Nazm, Shahid Hussain Naqvi, Zamir Makhloob, Urdu Poetry, Ghazal, Deccan, North India, Indian Rebellion
Specialized Training Modules for Performance in Punjab Female Volleyball Players: An Experimental Study
Full text linkThe present experimental research was planned to synthesize and calibrate the refined training units to promote the performance of women volleyball players of Punjab, Pakistan. Volleyball as explosive power, agility, speed and precision sport does not have well defined training program with respect to female sports physiology and biomechanics especially in developing country like Pakistan. The study involved an 8 week interventional study with 60 female volleyball players. Pre- and post-intervention assessment of each of the KPIs was conducted. The experimental group who underwent the specialized training had a 15 percent increase in vertical jump height, 12 percent in agility, 20 percent in spike velocity, 13 percent in serving accuracy and a 9 percent increase in reaction time. Based on these results, it can be concluded that awakening training programs, associated with gender and sport specificity, can provide adequate improvements of the volleyball performance amongst the females.
Keywords: Volleyball, Female Athletes, Training Modules, Performance Enhancement, Punjab, Pakistan, Experimental Study, Athletic Training