GUMAN (Urdu Research Journal)
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کے کے عزیز کی نظر میں سامراج کے اثرات
No full textKhurshid Azis is known by the name of K.K Aziz. He belongs to the city of Fisalabad in Pakistan. He is a famous city. He was a professional in the field of education. He got his education from the government and the politics of the state. He got his education from the private universities of Manchester. There are books on British imperialism in India, History of partition of India, British and Pakistan, The British in India.
Key Words: K.K.Aziz, British imperialism in India, History of partition of India, Manchester
A Review of the Impact of Budget Deficit on Private Investment in Pakistan
Full text linkThe purpose of this study is to investigate how budget deficits affect private investment in Pakistan, which is a key factor in determining the prosperity and expansion of the nation's economy. The study will examine the relationship between fiscal deficits and private sector investment using data from 1990 to 2023 and sophisticated statistical techniques, including the autoregressive distributed lag (ARDL) model. The findings will show a negative correlation: as budget deficits increase, private investment tends to decrease. The positive relationship between rising deficits and rising interest rates, as well as the difficulty in obtaining credit, will cause this occurrence. As a result, businesses will have a harder time finding investment possibilities. Investor confidence will be further undermined by inflation and the uncertainty of fiscal policies, making long-term planning more difficult. The influence that government borrowing, both domestically and abroad, might have in this specific situation will also be examined. The results show that in order to attract private investment, Pakistan needs to improve its financial management and adopt a more robust fiscal policy.
Keywords: Budget Deficits, Private Investment, Pakistan, Fiscal Policy
Political philosophy in the Poetry of Abdul Rahim Majzoob : د عبدالرحيم مجذوب پۀ شاعرۍ کښې سياسي فلسفه
No full textAbdul Rahim Majzoob (1935-2021), one of the greatest Pashto poet of the 20th century, was a resident of Lakki Marwat district of Khyber Pakhtunkhwa. He was a renowned Pashto poet of his time. Some people also call him the "John Keats" of Pashto poetry. Although he was also a romantic poet, he was a lawyer by profession, and he has published a number of books of prose and poetry. Which are included in the syllabus of different universities of Khyber Pakhtunkhwa. As we know that philosophy is essential for a civilized society and this philosophy is promoted by writers, we want to see the political philosophy of this great poet, how he wants to preach his nation (Pashtun) through poetry?
Key word: Philosophy, political philosophy, Abdul Rahim majzoo
The Creation of the New Afsana: Questioning the Authority of the Afsana Writer and the Contemporary Adaptation of Creativity: نئے افسانے کی تخلیق: افسانہ نگار کے اختیار پر سوال اور تخلیقیت کی عصری ہم آہنگی
No full textThis research explores the emergence of the new afsana (short story) in Urdu literature as a literary phenomenon that challenges traditional norms of authorship, authority, and structure. The study argues that the new afsana not only redefines the role of the afsana writer but also demands a more fluid, context-sensitive form of creativity. In recent decades, the rigid stylistic and thematic expectations once associated with classical afsana have gradually eroded, giving rise to experimental forms, hybrid narratives, and blurred genre boundaries. While the authority of the writer is questioned—particularly in relation to interpretation and control of meaning—creativity continues to retain its noble essence. However, it must adapt to contemporary socio-political realities, technological influences, and changing reader sensibilities. This paper critically examines how new afsana writers engage with the shifting landscape of fiction writing, negotiating between innovation and relevance. It also highlights the tension between literary freedom and the expectations of modern readership. By analyzing selected texts, the paper concludes that the new afsana represents not merely a departure from tradition, but a dynamic reconfiguration of creative agency.
Key Words: Urdu fiction, creative authority, literary tradition, contemporary storytelling, writer-reader dynamics, experimental narrativ
اردو غزل کا معتبر حوالہ…حفیظ شاہد
No full textAbstract
Hafeez Shahid is one of the greatest Urdu poet belonging to KhanPur District Rahim Yar Khan .He wrote six books on poetry in which “Safar Rshni ka” is his first book. He combined all his six books in his Kulyat named “Khatam Safar se Pahle” His poetry is fresh and has dramatic touch. He also followed the path of classical poets. His poetic journey covers fifty years which he devoted to ghazal. He fulfills all the requirements of a perfect ghazal and gained popularity due to ghazal .He is the poet of love and light and does not afraid of darkness rather invites to light from darkness. He also touches local traditions and wrote what he saw around him .He is a poet of hope like Shelley and never disappoint his reader .Hafeez Shahid made different experiment in long and short verses in poetry and remained successful in both .He tried to write on both national and international issues. He is multi-dimensional personality with lot of talent. He unceasing inly endeavored to flourish Urdu ghazal .His poetry touched the heights of popularity among literary circle .He remained true to his poetic work till his death and now the world acknowledge his achievements. Eminent critics of Urdu literature like Dr.Muhammad Ali,Dr. Wahid Quraishi ,Dr.Ibadat Brailvi and Dr .Sohail Agha wrote forwards and flap of his books which showed his poetic grandeur .In short, he contributed much in the treasure of Urdu literature particularly Urdu ghazal
Key Words: Classical poets, local traditions, long and short verses, treasure of Urdu
 
European Renaissance and Modernity: An Analytical Study of Causes and Effects : یورپ کی نشاءۃ ثانیہ اور جدیدیت: اسباب و اثرات کا تجزیاتی مطالعہ
No full textThe European Renaissance stands as a pivotal period in history, marking a transition from the medieval to the modern era. This epochal shift brought forth profound changes in various aspects of European society, including art, culture, science, philosophy, and politics. Understanding the causes and effects of the Renaissance is essential for comprehending the trajectory of European civilization and its eventual emergence into modernity. European Renaissance wasn't just a cultural revival but a fundamental shift in European thought. It challenged traditional authority, fostered critical thinking, and celebrated human potential. These developments became the building blocks of modernity, shaping the scientific, political, artistic, and religious landscape of the modern world. The effects of the Renaissance reverberated far beyond the borders of Europe, influencing developments across the globe. The exploration and colonization of distant lands expanded European horizons and facilitated the exchange of goods, ideas, and cultures on a global scale. The scientific revolution, which emerged in the wake of the Renaissance, transformed humanity's understanding of the natural world, laying the groundwork for modern science and technology. This Article delves into the intricate relationship between the European Renaissance (14th-16th centuries) and the rise of modernity. It analyzes the key causes of the Renaissance and explores how these factors fundamentally reshaped European society, paving the way for the development of the modern world and presents a concise analytical study of the factors that contributed to the Renaissance and its far-reaching impacts on European society.
Keywords: Europe, Renaissance, History, Modernity, Causes, Effects, Analysi
A Thematic Study of No Lakhi Kothi : نو لکھی کو ٹھی کا موضوعاتی مطالعہ
No full text"No Lakhi Kothi" is a moderate period novel. The new generation gets a chance to get acquainted with their past in the sub-continent by reading this novel. On the canvas of Ghulam Hyder and Sudha Singh's family rivalry, civilization, culture, religion, neo-colonialism, post-colonialism, customs, politics, society, lifestyle, and its negative and positive trends of the subcontinent are celebrated in the novel. Two types of sayings have been described in the book. On the one hand, the British imperial style of government has been seen and on the other hand, the characteristics, customs, and other attitudes of the local people have also come to the fore. No Lakhi Kothi is a novel that explores the past of subcontinent people. Since the novelist reflects his era, Ali Akbar Natiq has described the decline of the British Raj before independence instead of his era. The purpose of this article is to highlight the theme of this Novel especially, Migration Partition, Post-Partition Events, economy, socio-economic issues, neo-colonialism, post-colonialism, customs, politics, society, and lifestyle of subcontinent people.
Key Words: Ali Akbar Natiq, No Lakhi Kothi, William, neo-colonialism, post-colonialism, Migration Partition
The Effectiveness of Advertising and Its Impact on Consumer Purchasing Decisions
No full textAdvertising exerts influence on a certain audience, which can include individuals who watch, read, or listen to the advertisement, prompting them to buy a product, gain knowledge, use a service, or take part in some other activity. The aim of this study is to enhance comprehension of the connection between the attitude and behavior-based components of consumer purchasing behavior and the emotive and environmental response as separate factors. To achieve this objective, the study employs data obtained from a sample of 200 individuals residing in the Pakistani cities of Lahore, Islamabad, and Rawalpindi, who were reached through telephone interviews. Upon doing a more comprehensive investigation, it was shown that the characteristic that has the most robust link with consumer purchasing behavior is the affective responses displayed by customers towards the things they have obtained. Preliminary findings of the study indicate that the variables are correlated in a traditional manner. Consumers are more inclined to engage in buying products from brands that they have an emotional attachment to. This study offers innovative insights on customer buying behaviors in several cities of Pakistan's local markets.
Keywords: Environmental response, Emotional response, Consumer buying behavior
The Causes and Serious Issues Behind Italy's Brain Drain
Full text linkA highly controversial matter in the Italian context is scientific migration. Abundant evidence, derived from various sources such as academic studies, news reports, and television programs, supports this assertion.Nevertheless, the term "brain drain" has a specific definition that sets it apart from the more contemporary phrases "brain circulation" or "brain exchange," which are frequently employed to describe the movement of scientists between various European countries. The term "brain drain" refers to the emigration of highly educated individuals from one country to another.This essay utilizes a comparative methodology to explore the fundamental aspects that characterize the phenomenon of scientific mobility in Italy. The objective of this study is to ascertain the reasons that contribute to the emigration of outstanding Italians from their nation, and a method based on comparison will aid in achieving this goal.This study further corroborates previous research findings that participants' perspectives in the MOBEX project have a significant impact on how the media presents the topic being studied. The primary objective of the MOBEX project is to examine the correlation between mobility and quality in fields associated with the physical and natural sciences.This sets the stage for a more comprehensive analysis of the primary barriers linked to scientific mobility in Italy.An exhaustive understanding of the attributes of this particular migration can be achieved by juxtaposing the accounts of migrant scientists with the articles in the media.The primary focus of study lies in the comparison and contrast between these two categories of social agents
When it comes to academic libraries, which term is more appropriate: "social" or "communal?" The development of academic libraries and their future prospects
Full text linkUniversity libraries have extended their offerings to incorporate cafes, larger study spaces, and "information commons" in order to meet the social demands of students. This modification is a direct response to the prevailing notion that university libraries are seeing a decline in the number of visitors and the availability of their resources. This study offers a comprehensive examination of several social models in contrast to the traditional emphasis of academic libraries on the local community. Academic libraries are known to offer a unique type of community that regular visitors greatly appreciate. The current efforts of the academic library to promote a wider social agenda may lead to unexpected negative outcomes and a decline in community solidarity