GUMAN (Urdu Research Journal)
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Facilitating The Successful Communication and Knowledge Acquisition of Students with Unique Needs in Virtual Environments. Formal Education Entails Gaining Information and Competence Via Classroom Study
Full text linkVirtual reality (VR) encompasses a range of technology advancements that allow people to actively participate and interact with computer-generated three-dimensional "worlds" or "environments." These virtual settings have significant promise for including digital replicas of urban landscapes, architectural structures, scenic routes, and molecular structure models. Debates arose in the early 1990s over the possible integration of virtual reality (VR) in educational environments. Bricken (1991) asserts that throughout that period, there was a prevailing conviction in the development of unique and influential learning settings that surpassed all other surroundings. Following that, a growing group of scholars specialising in virtual reality (VR) has sought to investigate the possible advantages of this technology in various educational settings, spanning from basic to advanced training. This article briefly discusses the potential benefits of integrating virtual reality (VR) technology into educational settings. Through the utilisation of virtual reality (VR), individuals have the opportunity to participate in highly authentic simulated scenarios, allowing them to enhance and perfect their interpersonal communication skills in controlled and supervised environments. This article provides an account of four studies undertaken by the Virtual Reality Applications Research Team and their collaborators in the subject of special needs education, starting in 1991. The focus of these studies was primarily on the application of virtual reality in this sector. The field of inquiry focuses on the creation and evaluation of applications specifically built for virtual environments. The main objective is to improve the daily independence of individuals with learning and communication difficulties
Propagation of Racial Feminism and Patriarchal Environment In The Short Story of Katherine Mansfield, A Cup of Tea: A Critical Discourse Analysis
Full text linkThis research article explains the racial feminism within the radical feminism in patriarchal society in one of the famous short story of the 20th century modernist and feminist writer, Katherine Mansfield. It explains the different dimensions of feminism which a female has faced in this short story. Norman Fairclough’s 3D model of textual analysis has been applied on this story. It was that the story manifests different items of racial feminism thereby unfolds the layers of racism through the lens of patriarchal dominance throughout the story. It is recommended to explore the other related dimensions such as eco-feminism in further research
(Evolution of Urdu Language: An Evidence from Literary Review - Research and Critical Analysis): اردو زبان کا ارتقا : ادبی ماخذ سے چند شواہد ( تحقیقی و تنقیدی جائزہ)
No full textThis dissertation examines the historical evolution of Urdu, starting from its roots and influencing as a separate and unique language. This study seeks to gain a thorough understanding of the development of Urdu and its importance in the Indian subcontinent by carefully analyzing historical and linguistic facts. The ramifications of our findings extend to language and cultural studies, enriching our grasp of the intricate history and cultural heritage of the region. This study paper provides a comprehensive analysis of the social and linguistic evolution of Urdu, from its inception to its present state. It aims to encompass all facets of the language. We have also considered the viewpoints of language development experts.
Key Words: Historical Evolution, Roots and Influence, Social and Linguistic, Development
The Gujranwala Theological Seminary’s Education System and its Influence on Community Leadership and Social Engagement
Full text linkThe research article titled The Gujranwala Theological Seminary’s Education System and its Influence on Community Leadership and Social Engagement " explores the impact of the Gujranwala Theological Seminary (GTS) in Pakistan’s Protestant Christian community. The study highlights GTS’s history, establishment, and development, emphasizing its contributions to Christian education, particularly in training clergy and lay leaders. Established in 1877 by the Presbyterian Church, GTS has evolved through various institutional changes, offering diverse programs and degrees in theology. The seminary has become a central institution for training pastors, educators, and social leaders who play significant roles in religious and social sectors across Pakistan. The article provides a critical evaluation of GTS’s curriculum, teaching methodologies, and infrastructure, suggesting areas for improvement in inclusivity, modernized facilities, and pedagogical methods. The research concludes by underscoring the influence of GTS graduates, who serve in varied capacities, including evangelism, education, journalism, and social advocacy, contributing to the broader Christian community’s resilience and growth in a pluralistic society.
Keywords: Gujranwala Theological Seminary, Christian Education, Clerical Leadership, Religious Impact, Pakista
English Language Learning in Focus: Assessing the Effects of Task-Based Language Teaching (TBLT) on Speaking Anxiety and Willingness to Communicate among BS English 4th-Semester Students in a Public-Sector University of Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, Pakistan
Full text linkThis explanatory sequential mixed-methods study evaluates the effects of an eight-week Task-Based Language Teaching (TBLT) intervention on English-speaking anxiety (SA) and willingness to communicate (WTC) among 92, BS English 4th-semester students enrolled at a large public-sector university in Khyber Pakhtunkhwa (KP), Pakistan. Employing a quasi-experimental pre-test/post-test control-group design, the experimental group (n = 46) received eight 90-minute TBLT lessons i.e. information-gap, problem-solving, and presentation tasks, embedded in their existing Oral Communication course, while the control group (n = 46) followed the conventional grammar-focused syllabus. Quantitative data were collected through the Foreign Language Classroom Anxiety Scale (FLCAS), the WTC Scale, and a 10-minute paired oral proficiency interview. Qualitative insights were drawn from semi-structured interviews with 12 students and 3 teachers. Paired-sample t-tests and ANOVA revealed statistically significant reductions in SA (p < .001, Cohen’s d = 0.83) and increases in WTC (p < .001, d = 0.78) for the experimental group only. Thematic analysis indicated that authentic, collaborative tasks mitigated face-threatening factors and fostered peer scaffolding; however, large class sizes, limited Wi-Fi, and grammar-centred final examinations constrained full implementation. Findings suggest that TBLT can effectively enhance English oral communication in KP’s resource-scarce public universities, provided that assessment policies and teacher professional development are aligned with communicative objectives. Implications for curriculum designers, HEC, and provincial HEDs are discussed.
Keywords: Task-Based Language Teaching; speaking anxiety; willingness to communicate; BS English; public-sector university; Khyber Pakhtunkhw
A Feminist Study of Nisar Aziz Butt's Novel "Karavan-e-Wajood": نثار عزیز بٹ کے ناول’’کاروان وجود ‘‘کا تانیثیی مطالعہ
No full textNisar Aziz Butt's literary services are unforgettable, she was a senior Urdu novelist who wrote unique writings for a long time, who presented her thoughts in a unique style in front of the reader in a beautiful way. Her famous works include four novels, “Nagri Nagri Phara Musafir”, “Nay Chiraghay Nay Gulay”, “Karwan-e-Wajood” and “Darya Kay Sang”, while her autobiography, Trace of Gone Days, is popular. The Government of Pakistan awarded her the Presidential Medal for Excellence on 14 August 1995, and in 2013, Majlis Farogh Adab (Doha) also awarded her the Life Achievement Award. Ms. Nisar Aziz Butt not only attracted the educated class to her with her writings throughout her life, but also set a new path for them, which gave rise to new challenges for those associated with literature. Like other novelists, Nisar Aziz Butt's novels also contain glimpses of femininity. In this context, a feminist study of his novel "Karwan-e-Wajood" is presented here.
Key Words: Nisar Aziz Butt, “Nagri Nagri Phara Musafir”, “Nay Chiraghay Nay Gulay”, “Karwan-e-Wajood” and “Darya Kay Sang”, Presidential Medal for Excellence, Majlis Farogh Adab (Doha)
Representative Short Story writers of Modernism: جدیدیت کے نمائندہ افسانہ نگار
No full textEven today, short story, despite its diction, seems to breathe its own era into its existence in terms of themes. The trend of modernism, which emerged in 1960 as a reaction to realism, has never been praised by most critics, including Shahzad Manzar, who accused it of lack of communication. They believe that symbolism and abstraction were the needs of an era and that they have been used to the extent that they should have been used. Writers in this diction are rare. Our fiction writer has become familiar with the bitter taste of reality. The standards and concepts of realism have changed in every era. Surprisingly, there was also a time when metaphysical and transcendental things were considered realism. Later, the expression of reason and consciousness, distance from religion, and sexual orientations were considered realism. In short, the images of realism are subject to the environment, situations, events, and observations. The most prominent trend of our era is that a large group of fiction writers are presenting man and life as the most important subject in their own style. Some of them are Abid Hussain, Jelani Banu and Syed Muhammad Ashraf etc. These factors have been described in this article
Key Words: modernism, 1960, Shahzad Manzar, symbolism, Surprisingly, environment, situations, events, observations, Abid Hussain, Jelani Banu, Syed Muhammad Ashraf
مومن اور ان کا عہد ان کی عشقیہ مثنویات کے آئینے میں
No full textMomin Khan Momin is one of the greatest Urdu poet of ghazal .He was late Mughal era poet and a contemporary of Ghalib.He belongs to the Delhi School of thought. In contrary to Ghalib, he used a very simple diction and emphasis on feelings rather than thoughts. Most of the people are unaware of his masnvies which contain nudity and sexuality. Momin was also influenced by the culture of his age in which immorality was on its peak. He mentions the different parts of body of female and resembles these with different objects of nature. These masnvies have a bad impact on the moral character of young generation. Many other poets like Mir Asar Dehlvi wrote some objectionable masnvies like Khawb o Khiyal.We cannot judge Momin’s life by his ghazal and letters. His masnvies are mainly his autobiography which depicts his love affairs. Momin wrote 6 masnvies which highlight his romantic nature. His love affairs continued even after his marriage. His masnvies presents the traditional faithlessness of woman. The other themes of his masnvies are separation, cruelty of woman and praise of beloved body. Each of masnvi has different beloved of Momin and his previous beloveds tried their best to create misunderstanding between Momin and his new beloveds. Sometime they were successful in doing so and sometime Momin convinces her new beloved about his true love. So, sometime jealousy of his beloved intervenes and Momin faces new trials. Overall these masnvies unfold the true picture of Delhi culture and civilization. The condition of Delhi was not worth mentioning due to low standard of life of people not only financially but also morally. In these masnvie Momin is the real spokesman of his society.
Key Words: Simple diction, masnvi, nudity, traditional faithlessnes
Pakistani English (PakE): Establishing Legitimacy and Standardization in the South Asian English Varieties
Full text linkThis paper aimed at analyzing various features of academic writings of some renowned writers on Pakistani English, for the purpose of examining it as a legitimate and standard variety of English. The objectives include: (1) to identify how PakE's unique linguistic features (compared to Standard British and American English) contribute to its potential recognition as a distinct, standardized South Asian English variety, and (2) to analyse the distinctive lexical choices in Pakistani English, including various innovative methods that impact its perceived legitimacy as a systematic and nativised variety of English. Inductive thematic analysis has been selected for this paper as it is a useful qualitative analytic method (Brown and Clarke 2006). The data for this paper, consisting of five high-quality studies, was obtained by a methodical search of academic online databases, including the Google Scholar website. Initially, emerging themes have been grouped under two headings – linguistic features of Pakistani English – and distinctive lexical choices including various innovative methods. Research uncovers how Pakistani English's inherent structure and standards contribute to its established status as a recognized South Asian English variety. The study highlights the need for the codification of PakE's distinct features in resources like dictionaries and textbooks is crucial for its wider recognition as a standardized international variety.
Keywords: Pakistani English (PakE), standardization, linguistic features, lexical features, thematic analysi
The Qur’anic Approach to Self Purififaction (Tazkiyah e Nafs): A Research Based Study
No full text'Tazkiyah' is a word from Arabic expressing the development and purification of anything to the extent of perfection. As a metaphor from the Qur'an, it explains how to get rid oneself of bad habits and dispositions, as well as how to become pious and help our souls grow into being as perfect as is humanly possible. In other words, the primary objective of tazkiyah is for man to purify himself in order to get ready for his return to his "original home" and "final dwelling," Paradise. The Quran contains revelations from Allah Ta'ala: "By the soul and the proportion and order provided to it; and its enlightenment as to its wrong and good; indeed, he succeeds who cleanses it and fails who corrupts it!" [Quran 91:7-10]. The purification (tazkiyah) of 'Nafs' in regard to God Almighty and the universe is the central tenet of Islam. One of the most essential responsibilities of the Holy Prophet (SAW) as stated in the Glorious Quran is to cleanse people from spiritual diseases and moral bankruptcy. "We have sent among you a Messenger of your own, rehearsing to you Our signs, purifying you, and instructing you in Scripture and Wisdom and profound knowledge," (Baqarah, 2:151). The spiritual sustenance that the soul needs to maintain and strengthen the attributes that are innately divine is provided. Three types of guidance for the purification of the human soul are described by the Holy Qur'an. 1. The believers are purified by Allah Almighty. 2. The Prophets are tasked by Almighty Allah with purging the believers. 3. Instructions are given to the followers by Allah Almighty on how to cleanse themselves by doing what Allah says. So that his followers to gain prosperity both here on earth and in the hereafter, and to become his chosen servants by virtue of their kindness, fear of God, and moral qualities. In actuality, this teaching is the Holy Quran's "Tazkiyah Nafs" methodology. This article will describe the selected verses from the Holy Quran to illustrate all of Allah's instructions, methods, and strategies for self-purification.
Keywords: Tazkiyah; Metaphor; Bankruptcy; Innately; Self-purificatio