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A Systematic Comparison on Prevailing Intrusion Detection Models
No full textModern vehicles have become connected via On-Board Units (OBUs) involving many complex embedded and networked devices with steadily increasing processing and communication resources. Those devices exchange information through intra-vehicle networks to implement various functionalities and perform actions. Vehicles’ connectivity has also been extended to external networks through vehicle-to-everything technologies, enabling communications with other vehicles, infrastructures, and smart devices. In parallel to the significant increase in quality of service, the connectivity of modern vehicles raises their vulnerabilities to cyber-attacks targeting both intra-vehicle and external networks. To secure communications in vehicular networks, there has been a consistent effort to develop intrusion detection systems based on machine learning techniques to detect and ultimately react to malicious cyber-attacks. In this article, we study several machine learning algorithms, deep learning models, and hyper-parameter optimization techniques to detect vulnerability attacks on vehicular networks. Experimental results on well-known data sets such as CICIDS2017, NSL-KDD, IoTID20, KDDCup99, and UNSW-NB15 indicate that learning-based algorithms can detect various types of intrusion detection attacks with significant performance
Analysis of the relationship between bitcoin, oil prices, and the Dow Jones Industrial Average using a wavelet-based approach
No full textThis paper analyzes the correlation between bitcoin, oil price fluctuations and the DOW Jones Industrial Index in the time-frequency framework. Coherent wavelet method applied to recent daily data in the United States (1863 in total). Our research has several implications and supports for policy makers and asset managers. We find that oil prices lead the U.S. market at both low and high frequencies throughout the observation period. This result suggests that sanctions against Russia by a number of countries, including the U.S., are influencing oil prices, while oil remains a major source of systemic risk to the U.S. economy and economic uncertainty between the international level is exacerbated by tensions between Russia and Ukraine
Ethical leadership and follower unethical pro-organizational behavior: examining the dual influence mechanisms of affective and continuance commitments
No full textThis paper aims to examine the indirect effects of ethical leadership on unethical pro-organizational behavior (UPB). We primarily examine how two types of organizational commitment (i.e. affective commitment and continuance commitment) mediate the effect of the supervisors’ ethical leadership on their followers’ UPB. Collecting data from 291 employees in South Korea, at two points in time, we found that ethical leadership has a negative relationship with follower UPB through affective commitment and has a positive relationship with follower UPB through continuance commitment. Furthermore, follower organizational identification moderates the mediation processes, which makes the affective commitment-UPB relationship more negative but the continuance commitment-UPB relationship more positive when the followers more closely identify with their organization. We also discuss the theoretical contributions and practical implications
What Does an Engaged Preschool Classroom Look Like? Teachers’ Conceptions of Student Engagement-Voices from Malaysia
No full textSchool engagement is at the heart of academic success both for teachers and students at all levels of education. Conceptualizing and examining preschool students\u27 engagement is a complex task, as the engagement of preschool students may vary based on the school and cultural context. Using an exploratory qualitative research design, the current study investigates the conception of preschool students’ engagement in the Malaysian context. Seven preschool teachers with significant teaching experience recruited through purposive sampling participated in semi-structured face-to-face in-depth interviews to share their visions of students’ engagement. Inductive data analysis suggested that the teachers\u27 conceptions of students’ engagements were grounded in students\u27 behavioral (responsiveness, commitment and effort, and body language) and emotional (positive reactions and positive social sense) indicators leaving out cognitive indicators.While the findings provide new, context-specific insights into the conceptualization of students’ engagement from collectivist cultures, which uphold respect, compliance, self-control, and order in the classroom settings, it shows teachers’ conceptions of engagement are mapped on macro-level observation and completely ignore the micro-level responses of students. The findings discuss the malleable and culturally sensitive nature of school engagement at the preschool level. It discusses its implication for teachers\u27 development and students’ engagement at the preschool leve
Income smoothing and firm value: the moderating role of foreign ownership
No full textThis study examines whether foreign ownership plays a moderating role in the relation between income smoothing and firm value. We first find that income smoothing is negatively related to firm value. We then find that the negative relation between income smoothing and firm value is weaker for firms with high foreign ownership than for those with low foreign ownership. This finding suggests that foreign ownership serves a positive moderating role in the income smoothing-firm value relation. Finally, we further find that the positive moderating effect of foreign ownership on the income smoothing-firm value nexus is stronger for firms that have higher profitability and pay dividends. Overall, our empirical evidence sheds light on the moderating role of foreign ownership in the association between income smoothing and firm value
The Impact of Rural Homestead Reform on the Willingness of Migrant Populations to Settle down
No full textThis paper analyzes and explores the impact of rural homestead reform on migrant workers′ urban residence willingness under the reform in the homestead system since 2015 based on the monitoring data of China′s migrant population in 2017 and the logistic regression model. According to the classical logistic regression model, researchers control characteristics on the individual, household, and city levels and use the experience of parent\u27s outflow as an instrument, combined with the propensity score matching method and IV method, to solve endogeneity. The preliminary research results show that homestead ownership significantly reduces migrant workers\u27 willingness to stay. In addition, homestead ownership has a weakening effect on the willingness to stay permanently for households in different income brackets, and the weakening effect is strongest for low-income households. If the government attempts to reduce the brain drain and let more talents return to rural areas to build grassroots communities, it can accelerate the promotion of the homestead reform in the whole country accordingly
Static and dynamic linkages between oil, gold and global equity markets in various crisis episodes: Evidence from the Wavelet TVP-VAR
No full textUsing the wavelet TVP-VAR approach, this study looks at the static and dynamic connectedness between oil, gold, and global equity markets during several crises episodes, i.e., US subprime crisis of 2007, the global financial crisis of 2008–2009, European debt crisis of 2009–2012, oil crisis of 2014, China stock market crash 2015–16, and the Covid-19. The findings reveal that the connectedness among these markets varies across short vs. long run horizons and across various financial crisis episodes. The connectedness is observed to be high during the crisis\u27s periods. We also perform the portfolio analysis for the pairs of oil, gold, and equity markets and find that gold and/or oil are useful for various equity markets for portfolio diversification and hedging in various market conditions and time horizons. We contend that the results will be valuable to investors, portfolio managers, and policy makers globally
Social Support and Daily Life Activity: Determinants of Aging Well
No full textDespite the importance and prevalence in the use of the term “aging well,” there has been an absence of an empirically valid aging well model for conceptualization and measurement of the phenomenon. The purpose of the study was to conceptualize and test a model for aging well. A sample of 554 non-institutionalized individuals was taken using primary sampling units (PSUs), and a higher-order confirmatory factor analysis was conducted to test a model for aging well. This study confirmed a five-factor structure of aging well, including (a) daily life activity, (b) social resources and supports, (c) mental efficacy, (d) physical health and functional status, and (e) material security. Although all five dimensions strongly contribute to the aging well construct, the statistical results have shown that Social Resources and Support (SRS) and Daily Life Activity are the most important in explaining aging well. Material Security is the weakest latent variable in the model. The study indicates the model for aging well is a single, holistic, and multidimensional framework with a strong theoretical and empirical base
Inhibitory control as a significant predictor of academic performance in Chinese high schoolers
No full textStudies investigating the relationship between cognitive function and academic performance have recently shifted focus from differences in intelligence to executive function. To date, these studies have focused disproportionately on samples recruited from Western countries, despite evidence in support of cultural differences in the development of executive function. To address this gap, the present study investigated whether differences in two dimensions of executive function, inhibitory and attentional control, could predict academic performance in a sample of Chinese adolescents (n = 42). Participants reported on demographic details and completed both the Simon task and Attention Network Test. Data were analyzed using multiple linear regression controlling for gender, age, SES, English language proficiency, processing speed, and fluid intelligence. Results showed that one index of inhibitory control derived from non-cue trials on the Attention Network Test explained a significant amount of unique variance in academic performance. Our findings provide evidence that executive function, specifically inhibitory control, plays a significant role in academic performance
Sensory Preferences of Adults with Substance Use Disorder: Do They Correspond with Substance of Choice?
No full textThe purpose of this study was to describe sensory preferences of adults with substance use disorder using Adolescent/Adult Sensory Profile (A/ASP), and to explore relationships between sensory preferences and substance of preference. Participants (N = 57) completed a survey and A/ASP. Majority scored “similar to most” in all four quadrants of A/ASP when compared to the normative samples, despite previous research indicating differences in sensory preferences for this population. Participants reported alcohol, heroin, and marijuana as most preferred substances. There were no statistically significant associations between sensory preferences and substance preferences within substance groups, with p-values ranging from.067 to.904. Occupational therapists can use results of A/ASP to help clients develop alternative substance-free recovery